The ethics of uncertainty for data subjects

Modern health data practices come with many practical uncertainties. In this paper, I argue that data subjects’ trust in the institutions and organizations that control their data, and their ability to know their own moral obligations in relation to their data, are undermined by significant uncertainties regarding the what, how, and who of mass data collection and analysis. I conclude by considering how proposals for managing situations of high uncertainty might be applied to this problem. These emphasize increasing organizational flexibility, knowledge, and capacity, and reducing hazard

Parenting Intervention and the Prevention of Serious Mental Health Problems in Children

The reduction of coercive or inadequate parenting is essential if the mental health status of Australian children and adolescents is to be improved. Of the available approaches that address parenting practices, behavioural family interventions have the strongest empirical support and are effective in reducing parenting practices that contribute to the development of behavioural and emotional problems in children. However, only a small proportion of parents access such interventions. A comprehensive multilevel, evidence-based parenting and family support strategy needs to be implemented on a wide scale to reduce the prevalence of mental health problems in children and youth. The Triple P – Positive Parenting Program is an example of a population-level strategy that can be used to improve the mental health status of children and their parents

Indebtedness on 48 Potter County Farms, 1930

A study of farm operations and farm management was made on 48 farms in Potter County, South Dakota during 1930, through the method of accounts kept by the farm operators, assisted at regular monthly intervals by a resident field man. The study was made by the Department of Agricultural Economics of the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment station. The results of the study will be published first as preliminary reports, each dealing with only one or a few phases of the study. Data supporting certain statements is omitted in this report for want of space, but in most cases will be published in later reports. This, the first report, deals with indebtedness, one of the most important problems in farm management at present. Its chief objective is to make available information that will aid farmers in financing their business in the best manner

Estimated Returns from Farms of Large, Medium and Small Size of Business in the Spring Wheat Areas of South Dakota

Size of farm business is recognized by all farm management investigators and by many farmers as one of the most important factors making for success or failure in farming. A moderately large size of business, doubtless is more profitable in so-called normal times than is a small sized business. Size of business in this circular is not measured in acres only, as is common in certain sections where most of the land is fertile and tillable, and most of the farms are of the same type. Size of business cannot be measured accurately, nor by a single descriptive term such as acres. It includes the area farmed the area in crop land, the amount of productive labor employed, the amount of capital used, the rate of turnover of capital, the total production and the quality of production. Size of business may be increased by employing a laborer for productive work, by increasing the numbers of livestock, by increasing yields per acre, by doing work for hire outside the farm, etc. The purpose of this circular is to discuss the relative profitableness of a selected type of farm when operated as a business of different sizes. In the discussion six hypothetical farms are used for illustration. In the first group of three, a diversified farm, which is farmed rather intensively, is shown as a business of large size, of medium size, and of small size. The same plan is used for presenting the second group, a diversified farm which is farmed rather extensively

An Economic Study of Farms in the Spring Wheat Area of South Dakota

This is the first of a series of three circulars being published as progress reports of a five year study which was begun in 1930, on the economics of agriculture in the Spring Wheat Area of South Dakota. The study was started as a modified cost route in Potter County with 48 farmer cooperators keeping records, some of which were quite complete in that labor and feed records were also kept. During the first year a representative of the college lived at Gettysburg and visited the cooperators at least once each month to check on the completeness of the records and to secure additional information concerning crop and livestock practices. After the first year the project was made cooperative with the Division of Farm Management and Costs of the Bureau of Agricultural Economics, United States Department of Agriculture, and was enlarged to include 150 farmer cooperators living in seven counties of the Spring Wheat Area. Figure 1. Since 1930 the cooperators have been visited three or four times each year. The statements of this publication are based on data collected from a total of 283 records. Satisfactory records were secured from 44 cooperators in 1930, 29 in 1931, 112 in 1932, and 98 in 1933

Estimated Returns from Operating 800 acres in the Spring Wheat Area Under Four Different Plans - A Method of Determining What to Produce

The relatively low prices farmers receive for their products, and the continued high costs of interest, taxes, and the products farmers buy, increase the need of study of factors which tend to give the best possible net returns from a farm business. The purpose of this circular is to discuss the relative profitableness of different enterprises on diversified farms in the Spring Wheat Area of South Dakota. The plan of the circular is to show the organization and to give the estimated returns of four farms, on each of which the enterprises are of different relative importance. Three of the farms are assumed to be 800 acres in area. The fourth farm is assumed to be 800 acres in area but the size of business is increased by placing cattle out on pasture during the summer, a practice common to the area. Each of the hypothetical farms is very similar to someone actual farm from which records were secured. These similarities include acres of crops, numbers of livestock, amounts of power and equipment used, labor used, receipts and expenses, and income. The farms selected as patterns are common types within the area