Autonomía del niño hospitalizado frente a los procedimientos: creencias de la enfermera pediátrica

OBJECTIVE: to understand pediatric nurses' beliefs and actions regarding hospitalized children's autonomy during therapeutic procedures. METHODS: A qualitative approach was used to observe and interview seven nurses from a public hospital at São Paulo. RESULTS: Content analysis revealed two themes: a child's potential to develop autonomy and a child's incapability to exercise autonomy. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Few opportunities are given to children in order to develop their autonomy. As a rule, in conflicting situations nurses do not consider children decision-making; there is a disconnection between nurse's speech and professional practice.OBJETIVO: conocer las creencias y acciones de la enfermera pediátrica en relación a la autonomía del niño hospitalizado durante la realización de procedimientos terapéuticos. MÉTODOS: estudio de abordaje cualitativo, en el que fueron realizadas observaciones y entrevistas con siete enfermeras de un hospital público de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: fueron evidenciados dos temas que revelan las creencias de la enfermera y que fundamentan sus acciones en relación a la autonomía del niño hospitalizado: acreditando en el potencial del niño para ejercer la autonomía y considerando al niño incapaz de ejercer la autonomía. CONSIDERACIONES FINALES: Se ha dado al niño poca oportunidad para desarrollar su autonomía. Como regla, en situaciones de conflicto, el profesional no permite la participación del niño, permaneciendo distancia entre su discurso y la práctica.OBJETIVO: conhecer as crenças e ações da enfermeira pediatra em relação à autonomia da criança hospitalizada durante a realização de procedimentos terapêuticos. MÉTODOS: estudo de abordagem qualitativa, em que foram realizadas observações e entrevistas com sete enfermeiras de um hospital público de São Paulo. RESULTADOS: foram evidenciados dois temas que revelam as crenças de enfermeira e que fundamentam suas ações em relação à autonomia da criança hospitalizada: acreditando no potencial da criança para exercer a autonomia e considerando a criança incapaz de exercer a autonomia. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: tem sido dada pouca oportunidade à criança para desenvolver sua autonomia. Como regra, em situações de conflito, o profissional não permite a participação da criança, permanecendo uma distância entre seu discurso e a prática.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de EnfermagemUNIFESP, Depto. de EnfermagemSciEL

Synthesis, In Silico Studies, Antiprotozoal and Cytotoxic Activities of Quinoline‐Biphenyl Hybrids

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article: Synthesis, In Silico Studies, Antiprotozoal and Cytotoxic Activities of Quinoline‐Biphenyl Hybrids, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.201903835. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived VersionsThe synthesis, in silico studies, antiprotozoal and cytotoxic activities of eleven quinoline‐biphenyl hybrids are described herein. The structure of the synthesized products was elucidated by a combination of spectrometric analyses. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum, and amastigotes forms both Leishmania (V) panamensis and Trypanosoma cruzi. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against human U‐937 macrophages. 8‐phenylquinoline (4 a) showed similar activity than meglumine antimoniate and 4‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)phenol (4 b) exhibited an activity similar to that of benznidazole. 8‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) quinoline (4 k) showed the best activity against P. falciparum. Although these compounds were toxic for mammalian U‐937 cells, however they may still have potential to be considered as candidates for drug development because of their antiparasite activity. Molecular docking was used to determine the in silico inhibition of some of the designed compounds against PfLDH and cruzipain, two important pharmacological targets involved in antiparasitic diseases. All hybrids were docked to the three‐dimensional structures of PfLDH and T. cruzi cruzipain as enzymes using AutoDock Vina. Notably, the docking results showed that the most active compounds 4‐(quinolin‐8‐yl)phenol (4 b, CE50: 11.33 μg/mL for T. cruzi) and 8‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl) quinoline (4 k, CE50: 8.84 μg/mL for P. falciparum) exhibited the highest scoring pose (−7.5 and −7.7 kcal/mol, respectively). This result shows a good correlation between the predicted scores with the experimental data profile, suggesting that these ligands could act as competitive inhibitors of PfLDH or T. cruzi cruzipain enzymes, respectively. Finally, in silico ADME studies of the quinoline hybrids showed that these novel compounds have suitable drug‐like properties, making them potentially promising agents for antiprotozoal therapy

Correlating hemodynamic changes and occlusion time after flow diverter treatment of bilateral large internal carotid artery aneurysms

postprin

The effects of stent porosity on the endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms located near a bifurcation

published_or_final_versio

A Critical Evaluation of Motor Vehicle Manufacturing in Nigeria

This paper presents a broad analysis on why a truly made in Nigeria vehicle has not emerged on the Nigerian road and what could be done to remedy the situation. More than 60000 motor vehicles are being imported into the country annually of which more than 85% are used vehicles. Automobile plants in Nigeria are merely coupling vehicle parts produced overseas with little input to the component production of major units. These assembly plants will soon close shop due to the precarious nature of their business. This paper is of the opinion that vehicles are not being produced in Nigeria because there is no enabling environment for that to happen. The progenitors need to be mobilized properly towards the objective and the cost imperative of acquiring and sustaining the appropriate technology must be borne by the Nigerian society. The economic value need not to be evaluated without having national pride as an indispensable factor. It is evident that neither the gross domestic product per capita nor the overall literacy level alone promotes motor manufacturing, but the national technological consciousness based on policy thrust

Recycle Materials Potential of Imported Used Vehicles in Nigeria

In the recent years, most developing countries have resorted to importing of used vehicles as a means of solving acute/shortage of transportation facilities. Some of these vehicles are so dilapidated that they never serve any purpose before finding their way to the junkyards and refuse dumps. This paper seeks to quantify the available salvage value/service materials potential from these imported used vehicles in Nigeria. Most of the streets in the urban areas and construction sites are littered with junk vehicles which were abandoned by their owners. These vehicles, many of which have actually reached their end-of-life are potential secondary materials as they can be recycled into the same product or something less, thereby creating economic, social and environmental benefits

Synthesis, leishmanicidal, trypanocidal and cytotoxic activities of quinoline-chalcone and quinoline-chromone hybrids

We report herein the synthesis and biological activities (cytotoxicity, leishmanicidal and trypanocidal) of six quinoline-chalcone and five quinoline-chromone hybrids. The synthesized compounds were evaluated against amastigotes forms of Leishmania (V) panamensis, which is the most prevalent Leishmania species in Colombia and Trypanosoma cruzi, which is the major pathogenic species to humans. Cytotoxicity was evaluated against human U-937 macrophages. Compounds 8–12, 20, 23 and 24 showed activity against Leishmania (V) panamensis, while compounds 9, 10, 12, 20 and 23 had activity against Trypanosoma cruzi with EC50 values lower than 18 mg mL−1. 20 was the most active compound for both Leishmania (V) panamensis and Trypanosoma cruzi with EC50 of 6.11 ± 0.26 μg mL−1 (16.91 μM) and 4.09 ± 0.24 (11.32 μM), respectively. All hybrids compounds showed better activity than the anti-leishmanial drug meglumine antimoniate. Compounds 20 and 23 showed higher activity than benznidazole, the current anti-trypanosomal drug. Although these compounds showed toxicity for mammalian U-937 cells,they still have the potential to be considered as candidates to antileishmanial or trypanocydal drug development

Biocontrol of Rhizoctonia solani damping-off and promotion of tomato plant growth by endophytic actinomycetes isolated from native plants of Algerian Sahara

Thirty-four endophytic actinomycetes were isolated from the roots of native plants of the Algerian Sahara. Morphological and chemical studies showed that twenty-nine isolates belonged to the Streptomycesgenus and five were non-Streptomyces. All isolates were screened for their in vitro antifungal activityagainst Rhizoctonia solani. The six that had the greatest pathogen inhibitory capacities were subsequentlytested for their in vivo biocontrol potential on R. solani damping-off in sterilized and non-sterilized soils,and for their plant-growth promoting activities on tomato seedlings. In both soils, coating tomato seedswith antagonistic isolates significantly reduced (P < 0.05) the severity of damping-off of tomato seedlings.Among the isolates tested, the strains CA-2 and AA-2 exhibited the same disease incidence reduction asthioperoxydicarbonic diamide, tetramethylthiram (TMTD) and no significant differences (P < 0.05) wereobserved. Furthermore, they resulted in a significant increase in the seedling fresh weight, the seedling length and the root length of the seed-treated seedlings compared to the control. The taxonomic positionbased on 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies indicated that the strains CA-2 AA-2were related to Streptomyces mutabilis NBRC 12800ᵀ(100% of similarity) and Streptomyces cyaneofuscatus JCM 4364ᵀ(100% of similarity), respectively

Endophytic actinomycetes from spontaneous plants of Algerian Sahara: indole-3-acetic acid production and tomato plants growth promoting activity

Twenty-seven endophytic actinomycete strains were isolated from five spontaneous plants well adapted to the poor sandy soil and arid climatic conditions of the Algerian Sahara. Morphological and chemotaxonomical analysis indicated that twenty-two isolates belonged to the Streptomyces genus and the remaining five were non- Streptomyces. All endophytic strains were screened for their ability to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in vitro on a chemically defined medium. Eighteen strains were able to produce IAA and the maximum production occurred with the Streptomyces sp. PT2 strain. The IAA produced was further extracted, partially purified and confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis. The 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic studies indicated that strain PT2 was closely related to Streptomyces enissocaecilis NRRL B 16365T, Streptomyces rochei NBRC 12908T and Streptomyces plicatus NBRC 13071T, with 99.52 % similarity. The production of IAA was affected by cultural conditions such as temperature, pH, incubation period and L-tryptophan concentration. The highest level of IAA production (127 lg/ml) was obtained by cultivating the Streptomyces sp. PT2 strain in yeast extract-tryptone broth supplemented with 5 mg L-tryptophan/ ml at pH 7 and incubated on a rotary shaker (200 rpm) at 30°C for 5 days. Twenty-four-hour treatment of tomato cv. Marmande seeds with the supernatant culture of Streptomyces sp. PT2 that contained the crude IAA showed the maximum effect in promoting seed germination and root elongation