Allosteric effects in cyclophilin mutants may be explained by changes in nano-microsecond time scale motions

The relationship between molecular motion and catalysis in enzymes is debated. Here, simulations of cyclophilin A and three catalytically-impaired mutants reveal a nanosecond-scale interconversion between active and inactive conformations, orders of magnitude faster than previously suggested

Evidence-based Kernels: Fundamental Units of Behavioral Influence

This paper describes evidence-based kernels, fundamental units of behavioral influence that appear to underlie effective prevention and treatment for children, adults, and families. A kernel is a behavior–influence procedure shown through experimental analysis to affect a specific behavior and that is indivisible in the sense that removing any of its components would render it inert. Existing evidence shows that a variety of kernels can influence behavior in context, and some evidence suggests that frequent use or sufficient use of some kernels may produce longer lasting behavioral shifts. The analysis of kernels could contribute to an empirically based theory of behavioral influence, augment existing prevention or treatment efforts, facilitate the dissemination of effective prevention and treatment practices, clarify the active ingredients in existing interventions, and contribute to efficiently developing interventions that are more effective. Kernels involve one or more of the following mechanisms of behavior influence: reinforcement, altering antecedents, changing verbal relational responding, or changing physiological states directly. The paper describes 52 of these kernels, and details practical, theoretical, and research implications, including calling for a national database of kernels that influence human behavior

An assessment of the risk of Bt-cowpea to non-target organisms in West Africa

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata Walp.) is the most economically important legume crop in arid regions of sub-Saharan Africa. Cowpea is grown primarily by subsistence farmers who consume the leaves, pods and grain on farm or sell grain in local markets. Processed cowpea foods such as akara (a deep-fat fried fritter) are popular in the rapidly expanding urban areas. Demand far exceeds production due, in part, to a variety of insect pests including, in particular, the lepidopteran legume pod borer (LPB) Maruca vitrata. Genetically engineered Bt-cowpea, based on cry1Ab (Event 709) and cry2Ab transgenes, is being developed for use in sub-Saharan Africa to address losses from the LBP. Before environmental release of transgenic cowpeas, the Bt Cry proteins they express need to be assessed for potential effects on non-target organisms, particularly arthropods. Presented here is an assessment of the potential effects of those Cry proteins expressed in cowpea for control of LPB. Based on the history of safe use of Bt proteins, as well as the fauna associated with cultivated and wild cowpea in sub-Saharan Africa results indicate negligible effects on non-target organisms

SERUM NOx AND RBC LYSATE SOD LEVELS IN DIABETIC PATIENTS AND THEIR RELATION WITH DURATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

  Objective: Oxidative stress is one of the major causes for complications in diabetic patients. Oxidative stress might be due to an imbalance in elimination and production of free radicals. Nitric oxide (NO) is a reactive oxygen species (RNS) and a potent vasodilator. When NO reacts with superoxide anion, it forms RNS. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme which eliminates O2–.Methods: In the present study, 53 diabetic patients have been selected randomly and grouped into two groups based on the diabetic duration to evaluate the effect of duration on oxidative stress.Results: Red blood cells lysate SOD (4.745±1.047) and serum NO (52.2±25.8) are increased in diabetic patients compared with healthy controls. However, when compared between groups of different diabetic duration, SOD is decreased whereas NO is increased.Conclusion: Decrease in SOD activity might be due to the loss of its activity by glycation, whereas increase in NO might be due to the induction of endothelial NO synthase by glucose.Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Nitric oxide, Oxidative stress, Superoxide dismutase.INTRODUCTIO

Study of anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities of aqueous and ethanolic plant extracts in animal models

The tropical plant generally utilized in conventional Cameroonian medication to assuage and extravagance numerous pathologies. It is boundless in the western district where it is utilized to treat typhoid fever, gastrointestinal issues, and provocative ailments. Rheumatoid joint pain (RA) is a ceaseless, incapacitating, and dynamic immune system sickness in which incessant irritation aide saw with noteworthy bone annihilation and ligament obliteration bringing about critical joint harm and decreased usefulness. This pathology can develop rapidly in an individual and influence a few pieces of the body that become aggravated or amazingly agonizing, especially influencing the old, yet additionally people with a degenerative bone issue or insusceptible framework brokenness. This pathology, which can likewise happen because of the invulnerable framework assaulting the synovial layer, is joined by growing, solidness, torment, and a decrease or loss of joint capacity. The motivation behind this examination is to logically exhibit the mitigating and antiarthritic properties of the fluid and ethanolic concentrates of the shrubberies of Dissotis thollonii. The calming properties were assessed in vitro by restraint tests for cyclooxygenase, 5-lipoxygenase, protein denaturation, extracellular ROS creation, and cell expansion. In contrast, antiarthritic properties were assessed in vivo in rodents utilizing the zymosan An initiated monoarthritis examination and the CFA-prompted polyarthritis model.</jats:p

Extraction and characterization of sea anemones compound and its Anti bacterial and hemolytic studies

Seas assets that give us a variety of characteristic items to control bacterial, contagious and viral ailment and mostly utilized for malignancy chemotherapy practically from spineless creatures, for example, bryozoans, wipes, delicate corals, coelenterates, ocean fans, ocean bunnies, molluscs and echinoderms. In the previous 30 - 40 years, marine plants and creatures have been the focal point of overall endeavours to characterize the regular results of the marine condition. Numerous marine characteristic items have been effectively exceptional to the last phases of clinical preliminaries, including dolastatin-10, a group of peptides disengaged from Indian ocean rabbit, Dollabella auricularia. Ecteinascidin-743 from mangrove tunicate Ecteinascidia turbinata, Didemnins was isolated from Caribbean tunicate Trididemnum solidum and Conopeptides from cone snails (Conus sp.), and a developing number of up-and-comers have been chosen as promising leads for expanded pre-clinical appraisals. Sea anemones possess numerous tentacles containing stinging cells or cnidocytes. The stinging cells are equipped with small organelles known as nematocysts. The two species of sea anemones namely, Heteractis magnificaandStichodactyla haddoni, were collected from Mandapam coastal waters of Ramanathapuram district, Tamilnadu, India. The Nematocyst was collected and centrifuged, and the supernatant was lyophilized and stored for further analysis. The amount of protein from Heteractis Magnifica and Stichodactyla haddoni was estimated. The crude extract has shown haemolytic activity on chicken blood and goat blood. In the antibacterial activity of the sea anemone against six bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhii, Salmonella paratyphii, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial activity of H. Magnifica and S.haddoni was measured as the radius of the zone of inhibition.</jats:p

In-Vitro analysis of medicinal plant for anti-inflammatory properties

This examination demonstrations the in vitro mitigating impact of leaf concentrates of Polyalthia longifolia. These were investigated in various measures to decide their mitigating impacts. Protein denaturation and RBC film adjustment were measured. The outcomes were accounted for as % hindrance in triplicate assurance and were exposed to factual additionally, diclofenac Aspirin and sodium were utilized as norms. The consequence of the % restraint of protein denaturation demonstrated that at 1mg/ml diclofenac, ethanolic extricate, new leaf fluid concentrate and dry leaf watery concentrate. Because of dissecting the MS and UV information and in contrast with the legitimate norms, an aggregate of 10 polyphenols were recognized and measured, counting gallic corrosive, catechin, quercetin, kaempferol, and their subordinates. This is the primary investigation looking at the leaves, as opposed to the organic product or seeds reasonably collected yet underutilized by nearby indigenous people groups. The concoction outline of the leaf was thoroughly broke down and prompted the ID of 10 polyphenol mixes, counting phenolic corrosive and flavonoids. The individual polyphenols were effectively quantitated, utilizing UV recognition. Additional bioactivity examinations demonstrated that the concentrates of leaf display cancer prevention agent, antiproliferation, and calming exercises. The primary atomic component may mostly be donated by the hindrance of NF-κB enactment, a typical sign alleyway among multiplication and aggravation. Additional examinations are expected to investigate whether these polyphenol mixes could work synergistically to accomplish significantly better exercises than each solitary segment. The concoction bioactivities and profile decided to help its conventional usage and might assistance for its additional pharmacological investigations and nutraceutical requests.</jats:p