The gulf between rhetoric & reality : an examination of the gap between development theory and development practice in the care of Cambodian orphans : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Development Studies at Massey University, Palmerston North Campus

Like many other Developing World countries. Cambodia is in the midst of an orphan crisis. At least 77,000 children have lost their parents to AIDS and many thousands more have been orphaned by civil war. landmines and other tragedies. These orphans face an uncertain future. Traditionally in Cambodia, most of these children have been cared for within the community in which they lived with their parents. Current development theory strongly promotes such community-based care for orphans and argues that Non-Government Organisations (NGOs) should use their resources to support and strengthen communities in that task instead of placing children in institutions such as orphanages. However, for every community-based orphan care program set up by NGOs in Cambodia, six orphanages are established. The development rhetoric on care for orphans is not matched by the development practice reality in Cambodia. There is a gap between theory and practice in the care of Cambodian orphans, a disconnection between what development theorists promote and what development practitioners implement. This research project examines the gap between development theory and practice in the care of Cambodian orphans. Results of the study will enhance understanding of the possible reasons for this disparity and suggest ways to close the gap and bring greater congruence between development theory and practice in this field. The study initially looked at the literature on care for orphans and established general principles as advanced by the development texts. Secondly, the study provided an overview of current practice in Cambodia in the care of orphans. Finally, an examination was made of the gap between theory and practice in Cambodia: in order to understand this gap, primary research has been conducted with development practitioners to establish possible reasons for it

A Comparison of Unbleached Pulps from Cherry Heartwood and Sapwood

The purpose of the project was to evaluate pulps made from cherry heartwood and sapwood. The amount of heartwood a tree has is an individual trait of the tree rather than a function of geography or environment. Tree breeders can, through selection, reduce or increase the amount of heartwood if it is economically justifiable. Three cherry logs with 50-50 heartwood to sapwood ratio were barked and chipped at S.D. Warren Company in Muskegon. The chips were separated, heartwood from sapwood, by the color difference. The chips were cooked using 20% active alkali, 6 to 1 liquor ratio, for 1.5 hours at 175◦C using an oil bath digester. The oil bath digester had six cartridges of which three were charged with heartwood and three with sapwood. The average yield for heartwood was 44.8% and the average yield for sapwood was 52.7%. The difference in yield was the most significant difference between heartwood and sapwood. The brightness of the sapwood was about 5% greater than heartwood. The Kappa number of the heartwood was 20.8 compared to 22.0 for sapwood. The mullen of heartwood was greater than the sapwood in the freeness range of 100 to 500 C.S.F. by 12 to 16%. The tensile of heartwood was greater than the sapwood in the freeness range of 150 to 500 C.S.F. by 4 to 8%. The tear of sapwood was greater than heartwood in the freeness range of 100 to 500 C.S.F. by 14 to 18%. You cannot totally eliminate either heartwood or sapwood and the resulting trade-off of advantages of increasing or decreasing the percent of heartwood would likely result in only a couple percent advantages in a few parameters. Therefore, the conclusion of this paper is to leave the ratio of heartwood to sapwood to nature

Human trafficking and the UK Modern Slavery Bill

This article provides a commentary on growing awareness of human trafficking to and within the United Kingdom and government responses to it

“WE ARE SATISFIED!” - A Sermon for the Commemoration of St Philip

(excerpt) Each time that I gather around this table in preparation to leave this Liturgical Institute, I feel the way I imagine Philip felt at that other table, when Jesus prepared to leave the disciples to return to God. After these days of inspiring addresses, stimulating conversations, cherished comradery, and glorious worship, like Philip, I want to squeeze out just a little more before everything comes to an end. Give me just one more conversation with someone who understands what paschal mystery means. Just once more let me join my voice with people unafraid to sing a new hymn. Just give me one more shiver up my spine as the Spirit blows through an assembly that understands celebrating Word and Sacrament to be the center of its being and not an addendum. Just once more, and I will be satisfied