The Ambivalent Role of Mimetic Behaviors in Proximity Dynamics: Evidences on the French “Silicon Sentier”

This articles examines the peculiar role of mimetic behaviors in co-location processes. We start showing that geographical proximity between agents and/or firms is not a sufficient nor necessary condition for the collective performance of clusters. Other types of socio-economic proximities characterize clusters, and our purpose is to show that, among the several ways to analyze the complex links between proximities and clusters, the theoretical outlook on the role played by mimetic interactions in co-location processes are certainly one of the most promising. Mimetic behaviors of location (in economics and sociology) are introduced in order to demonstrate that co-location processes can be the result of sequentiality, uncertainty, legitimacy and non market interactions, rather than full rational and isolated decisions and pure strategic market interactions. According to the type of mimetic behavior at work in the clustering process, the nature of socio-economic proximity can differ and have a strong influence of the “evolutionary stability” of clusters. All these theoretical considerations are illustrated through the emblematic French case of “Silicon Sentier”, cluster which has gathered together three hundred firms of the French net-economy (the famous “dotcom”) during the Internet bubble swelling.cluster, mimetic interactions, proximity, stability, Silicon Sentier

Climate Smart livestock development in natural and improved savannas of an extensive ranch in Central Africa (RDC). [P37]

In the Central African extensive livestock systems improved management practices and technologies can deliver a significant portion of the Climate smart efforts needed (FAO 2014). The “Kolo” ranch is located 14°45' - 15°00' E, 5°15'- 5°52' S (Bas-Congo, DRC). 20 000 N'dama cattle heads are managed for a production of 1200 tons live weight (LW) on 50 000 ha: 47 500 ha of natural “Hyparhenia” savanna (NS) and 2 500 ha of Brachiaria improved grasslands (BiG). Farm gate LCA methodology and IPCC references were contextualized to the local practices to estimate the level and diversity of non-renewable energy (NRE), GHG emissions and economic efficiencies of the system. The results show an overall NRE consumption of 6 259 MJ t LW-1 year-1. The system based on abundant pasture resources and fire use to stimulate regrowth in NS, using very few inputs and light infrastructures, is low consumer of energy. GHG emissions are important: 30 t CO2-e t LW-1 exported, biomass burning and enteric emissions shares are 50% and 36% respectively of the emissions. On the ecologically intensified surfaces (BiG) of the ranch, where fire use is strictly avoided and where the finishing animals are concentrated, performances are increased due to biomass and forage quality improvement, the carrying capacity is raised from averages of 0,41 on (NS) to 4,51 TLU / ha on (BIG). The annual LW gain per ha is in proportion 12 vs 254 kg ha-1. Related to meat production, we observe a lower energy consumption 7 978 and 4 405 MJ/ton LW Gain and GHG is reduced 51,7 and 8,5 t CO2-e t of LW Gain on average NS and BIG surfaces respectively. The production costs are 2,14 and 1,23 €/Kg carcass eq. LW gain for NS and BIG surfaces respectively. In such tropical environments and livestock systems, grassland improvement and changes of management practices are very probably the most effective Climate smart investments to mitigate climate impact contribution and improve environmental and livelihoods efficiencies. (Texte intégral

A Soft Budget Constraint Explanation for the Venture Capital Cycle

We explore why venture capital funds limit the amount of capital they raise and do not reinvest the proceeds. This structure is puzzling because it leads to a succession of several funds financing each new venture which multiplies the well known agency problems. We argue that an inside investor cannot provide a hard budget constraint while a less well informed outsider can. Therefore, the venture capitalist delegates the continuation decision to the outsider by ex ante restricting the amount of capital he has under management. The soft budget constraint problem becomes the more important the higher the entrepreneur’s private benefits are and the higher the probability of failure of a project is

Breast Amyloidosis: A Case Report and Literature Review

Amyloidosis is an uncommon disorder characterized by extracellular accumulation of misfolded proteins in tissues. We report a unique case of localized breast amyloidosis in an asymptomatic 56-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus, presented as suspicious microcalcifications without mass on mammography. Vacuum biopsy confirmed amyloidosis, producing the typical apple-green birefringence under polarized light after staining with Congo-red. Further workup and follow-up to exclude development into systemic amyloidosis or hematologic malignancy is recommended. If negative, the prognosis is very good, thus no further treatment is needed. A brief review of the literature revealed more about the typical findings and recommended management

Lung ultrasound outperforms symptom-based screening to detect interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis

OBJECTIVES: Interstitial lung disease associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD) is linked to high mortality. Currently, effective screening tools are lacking. We assessed the role of symptoms and lung ultrasound (LUS) as potential screening tools. METHODS: 116 adult patients with RA presenting to the rheumatology outpatient clinic underwent high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans, pulmonary function tests, LUS (72 zones) and completed a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for cough and modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (mMRC). Kruskal-Wallis (KW) tests evaluated the correlation between clinical–radiological HRCT score (no ILD, non-specific abnormalities, subclinical ILD or ILD) and the B-lines on LUS, diffusion capacity (DLCO%pred), forced vital capacity (FVC%pred), VAS Cough and mMRC. Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to assess symptom-based questionnaires and the number of B-lines to detect RA-ILD. Area under the receiver operating characteristics (AUROC) for detecting clinical ILD and subclinical ILD were calculated. RESULTS: In 11.8% of patients, an ILD was detected on HRCT. Additionally, in 5%, a diagnosis of subclinical interstitial lung changes was made. The number of B-lines was most strongly associated with the clinical–radiological score (KW χ²=41.2, p=<0.001). DLCO%pred was also significantly correlated with the clinical–radiological score (KW χ²=27.4, p=<0.001), but FVC%pred, mMRC and VAS cough were not. Cough and dyspnoea only weakly predicted the ILD score in the sensitivity–specificity analyses, while B-lines showed AUROCs>0.9 for predicting subclinical and clinical ILD. CONCLUSION: LUS is a promising tool for early detection of RA-ILD, outperforming symptom-based questionnaires or the presence of dyspnoea or cough

Avaliação de compostos alternativos para controle de lagartas de Chabuata major<i/> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

A família Noctuidae destaca-se entre os principais grupos de mariposas pela grande diversidade, especialmente na região Neotropical. Suas espécies relacionam-se com diversos ambientes e seus recursos, especialmente durante o período larval. Algumas espécies que se alimentam de plantas cultivadas constituem-se pragas de extrema importância econômica. Atualmente além das pragas chave da cultura da macieira como a mosca-das-frutas (Anatrepha fraterculus ) e a grafolita (Grapholita molesta), existe uma diversidade de espécies de lepidópteros comumente chamados de "grandes lagartas" que vem causando preocupação no setor produtivo quanto a estratégias de controle. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a mortalidade de lagartas de Chabuata major entre segundo e terceiro ínstar quando tratadas com produtos alternativos.Resumo

Partial cricotracheal resection for treatment of subglottic stenosis: complications and outcomes

PurposeSubglottic stenosis (SGS) is defined as an obstruction of the subglottic area, potentially extending towards the first tracheal rings. Although endoscopic procedures are frequently preferred as first-line treatment, (partial) cricotracheal resection (PCTR) offers the most durable results. This study aims at reporting and analysing complications and respiratory and vocal outcomes after PCTR.MethodsFor this retrospective cohort analysis, the files of 37 patients with SGS who underwent PCTR in a tertiary referral center were reviewed. Patient- and stenosis-characteristics along with postoperative outcomes and complications were analyzed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe majority of patients were female (95%), which reflects the high incidence of idiopathic SGS in our patient group (89.2% vs. 2.7% postintubation SGS and 8.1% SGS related to systemic inflammatory disease). Most patients presented with a Cotton grade II (35.1%) and III (54.1%) stenosis, with a mean craniocaudal stenosis length of 17.5 mm. The vast majority of patients (89.2%) had undergone previous endoscopic procedures. The most common complication after PCTR was fibrin deposit/granulation tissue formation at the anastomotic site (n = 15, 40.5%). Other complications were rare, with anastomotic dehiscence, postoperative haemorrhage and vocal cord paralysis each in 1 patient (2.7%), temporary tracheostomy in 2 patients (5.4%), and postoperative wound infection in 3 patients (8.1%). During follow-up, only 2 patients (5.4%) developed restenosis which was successfully salvaged by endoscopic procedures. No patients were long-term tracheostomy dependent. Post-operative mean peak expiratory flow (PEF) percentage showed a 43.7% increase compared to pre-operative. For the mean increase in maximum inspiratory flow (MIF) at 50% this was 1.3 L/s. VHI (voice handicap index) scores increased significantly from baseline preoperative score of 27.5 (±23.7) to a mean value of 54.9 (±18.7) (p = 0.002) 1-month postoperatively but decreased below preoperative scores after 2 years (22.2 ± 18.1, p = 0.036).ConclusionPCTR is an efficient treatment for SGS, with low complication rates, a low rate of long-term restenosis and good vocal outcomes

Actes du Semdoc 2016 du réseau Iris

Les actes du séminaire doctoral 2016 du réseau Iris sont disponibles en texte intégral. Vous pouvez les retrouver dans la rubrique Eustochia du carnet de recherche de l'AJC Crem et accéder directement aux communications du séminaire via les liens ci-dessous. Accès aux textes Enjeux éthiques de l'observation netnographique, Nicolas Peirot De l'appropriation d'un contexte de recherche composite à l'émergence d'un terrain, Aurélie Pourrez Méthodologie de la constitution et de l’exploitati..

Soutenance de thèse Rémi Cayatte

Rémi Cayatte a le plaisir de vous inviter à la soutenance publique de sa thèse de doctorat en sciences de l’information et de la communication intitulée : Les jeux vidéo américains de l’après 11 septembre 2001 : la guerre faite jeu, nouveau terrain de propagande idéologique ? Sous la direction de Sébastien Genvo (CREM, Metz) et André Kaenel (IDEA, Nancy) Le Jeudi 20 octobre 2016 à 14h00, à l’Université de Lorraine (Metz) Salle du Conseil de l’UFR Sciences Humaines et Sociales (D206, 2ème étag..