L'utilisation de la couleur à l'école maternelle

Color is everywhere in our lives. Everything that surrounds us is made of colors, in as muchas we forget about them. However colors play a major part in our behaviours andemotions. Each color has its story, its codes and connotations. This dissertation focuses onthe use of colors in nursery school, how it affects children and their learning abilities.Based on existing researches on this topic, and the studies I have put into place, twostatements emerge: first color facilitates learning in nursery, second color is not thoughtabout as a real tool. Its potential is under exploited and its power is sometimes not fullyutilised.In the light of these statements it is worth considering changes to our practices. First of all,it matters to change classroom organisation. Colors groups may be thought through indifferent ways. Then using color coded zones for specific tasks could benefit somelearnings. At last, integrating a training on colors destined to all first degree teachers couldalso be key. Indeed colors are never at the heart of educational discussions, maybe as theyare not part of a specific learning by school teachers. However, such powerful and precioustool deserves mastery and an appropriate use.La couleur est omniprésente dans nos vies. Tout ce qui nous entoure est fait de couleurs. À tel point que nous en oublions presque qu’elles existent. Pourtant les couleurs jouent un rôle majeur sur nos comportements et nos émotions. Chaque couleur a son histoire, ses codes et ses connotations. Ce mémoire porte sur l’utilisation de la couleur à la maternelle. Nous nous sommes questionnés sur les effets que peut avoir la couleur d’une part sur les apprentissages et d’autre part sur les élèves. Au regard des recherches qui ont été menées sur ce sujet et des études que nous avons mises en place, deux constats émergent. Le premier est que la couleur est un facilitateur dans les apprentissages en maternelle. Le second est que la couleur n’est pas pensée comme un réel outil. Son potentiel est sous exploité et sa puissance parfois non maîtrisée. Ces constats nous permettent d’envisager des changements dans nos pratiques. Tout d’abord, il nous semble important d’améliorer le système d’organisation de la classe. Les groupes de couleurs peuvent être pensés différemment. Ensuite, l’utilisation de la couleur pour des zones de travail spécifiques pourrait être bénéfique pour favoriser certains apprentissages. Enfin, nous nous posons la question de l’intégration d’une formation sur la couleur qui serait destinée à tous les enseignants du premier degré. En effet, si la couleur est un domaine si peu questionné, n’est-ce pas en partie parce qu’elle ne fait pas l’objet d’un apprentissage spécifique pour les professeurs des écoles ? Or ce précieux outil mérite d’être maîtrisé et utilisé à bon escient

Segmentation of fascias, fat and muscle from magnetic resonance images in humans: the DISPIMAG software

Segmentation of human limb MR images into muscle, fat and fascias remains a cumbersome task. We have developed a new software (DISPIMAG) that allows automatic and highly reproducible segmentation of lower-limb MR images. Based on a pixel intensity analysis, this software does not need any previous mathematical or statistical assumptions. It displays a histogram with two main signals corresponding to fat and muscle, and permits an accurate quantification of their relative spatial distribution. To allow a systematic discrimination between muscle and fat in any subject, fixed boundaries were first determined manually in a group of 24 patients. Secondly, an entirely automatic process using these boundaries was tested by three operators on four patients and compared to the manual approach, showing a high concordance

Conduct of conduits: Engineering, desire and government through the enclosure and exposure of urban water

This article scrutinizes the relationship between governmental reform and infrastructural change in Singapore. Focusing on the role of engineers, it is argued that neoliberal decentralization has occurred through the physical reconfiguration of drainage. Neoliberalization is conceived as a localized technical response to a public health crisis resulting from infrastructural enclosure, which is orchestrated on and through the material‐ecological environment. A closed drainage system consisting of trapezoidal canals and concrete culverts had produced an ideal breeding environment for dengue‐carrying mosquitoes, undermining the state's centralized approach to water governance. This article reorients Michel Foucault's analytics of government around engineering and the ‘milieu’ to consider how drainage infrastructure was consequently opened up to an emerging civil society to relieve pressure on the state and allow greater public participation in the surveillance and management of canals, pipes and culverts. Alongside landscape architects, engineers would increasingly turn to naturalized waterways and open catchment policy to encourage citizens to form an affective bond with water and to inculcate principles of individual ownership and responsibility through physical contact. The article contends that with the proliferation of integrated resource management systems, governmental power is increasingly exercised through the liveliness as well as the fetishization of urban infrastructure