S-PRAC: Fast Partial Packet Recovery with Network Coding in Very Noisy Wireless Channels

Well-known error detection and correction solutions in wireless communications are slow or incur high transmission overhead. Recently, notable solutions like PRAC and DAPRAC, implementing partial packet recovery with network coding, could address these problems. However, they perform slowly when there are many errors. We propose S-PRAC, a fast scheme for partial packet recovery, particularly designed for very noisy wireless channels. S-PRAC improves on DAPRAC. It divides each packet into segments consisting of a fixed number of small RLNC encoded symbols and then attaches a CRC code to each segment and one to each coded packet. Extensive simulations show that S-PRAC can detect and correct errors quickly. It also outperforms DAPRAC significantly when the number of errors is high

Theory that Matters! Problem-based learning towards 5G Communication System and Standards

Theory that Matters! Problem-based learning towards 5G Communication System and Standard

Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) Camera Testing for Submillimeter Astronomy

Developing kilopixel focal planes for incoherent submm- and mm-wave detectors remains challenging due to either the large hardware overhead or the complexity of multiplexing standard detectors. Microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKIDs) provide a efficient means to produce fully lithographic background-limited kilopixel focal planes. We are constructing an MKID-based camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory with 576 spatial pixels each simultaneously sensitive in 4 bands at 230, 300, 350, and 400 GHz. The novelty of MKIDs has required us to develop new techniques for detector characterization. We have measured quasiparticle lifetimes and resonator Qs for detector bath temperatures between 200 mK and 400 mK. Equivalent lifetime measurements were made by coupling energy into the resonators either optically or by driving the third harmonic of the resonator. To determine optical loading, we use both lifetime and internal Q measurements, which range between 15,000 and 30,000 for our resonators. Spectral bandpass measurements confirm the placement of the 230 and 350 GHz bands. Additionally, beam maps measurements conform to expectations. The same device design has been characterized on both sapphire and silicon substrates, and for different detector geometries. We also report on the incorporation of new shielding to reduce detector sensitivity to local magnetic fields

A third cluster of red supergiants in the vicinity of the massive cluster RSGC3

Recent studies have shown that the area around the massive, obscured cluster RSGC3 may harbour several clusters of red supergiants. In this paper, we analyse a clump of photometrically selected red supergiant candidates 20' south of RSGC3 in order to confirm the existence of another of these clusters. Using medium-resolution infrared spectroscopy around 2.27 microns, we derived spectral types and velocities along the line of sight for the selected candidates, confirming their nature and possible association. We find a compact clump of eight red supergiants and four other candidates at some distance, all of them spectroscopically confirmed red supergiants. The majority of these objects must form an open cluster, which we name Alicante 10. Because of the high reddening and strong field contamination, the cluster sequence is not clearly seen in 2MASS or GPS-UKIDSS. From the observed sources, we derive E(J-Ks)=2.6 and d~6 kpc. Although the cluster is smaller than RSGC3, it has an initial mass in excess of 10000 solar masses, and it seems to be part of the RSGC3 complex. With the new members this association already has 35 spectroscopically confirmed red supergiants, confirming its place as one of the most active sites of recent stellar formation in the Galaxy.Comment: Accepted for publication on A&

Dual enzyme-triggered controlled release on capped nanometric silica mesoporous supports

We thank the Spanish Government (project MAT2009-14564-C04 and CTQ2007-64735-AR07) the Generalitat Valencia (project PROMETEO/2009/016) for support. A.A. and L.M. thank the Generalitat Valenciana for their Santiago Grisolia Fellowship and VALI+D postdoctoral contract, respectively. We thank the confocal microscopy service from CIPF for technical support.Agostini, A.; Mondragón Martínez, L.; Coll Merino, MC.; Aznar Gimeno, E.; Marcos Martínez, MD.; Martínez Mañez, R.; Sancenón Galarza, F.... (2012). Dual enzyme-triggered controlled release on capped nanometric silica mesoporous supports. ChemistryOpen. 1:17-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/open.201200003S17201Saha, S., Leung, K. C.-F., Nguyen, T. D., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2007). Nanovalves. Advanced Functional Materials, 17(5), 685-693. doi:10.1002/adfm.200600989Trewyn, B. G., Slowing, I. I., Giri, S., Chen, H.-T., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). Synthesis and Functionalization of a Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle Based on the Sol–Gel Process and Applications in Controlled Release. Accounts of Chemical Research, 40(9), 846-853. doi:10.1021/ar600032uAznar, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., & Sancenón, F. (2009). Controlled release using mesoporous materials containing gate-like scaffoldings. Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery, 6(6), 643-655. doi:10.1517/17425240902895980Beck, J. S., Vartuli, J. C., Roth, W. J., Leonowicz, M. E., Kresge, C. T., Schmitt, K. D., … Schlenker, J. L. (1992). A new family of mesoporous molecular sieves prepared with liquid crystal templates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 114(27), 10834-10843. doi:10.1021/ja00053a020Wight, A. P., & Davis, M. E. (2002). Design and Preparation of Organic−Inorganic Hybrid Catalysts. Chemical Reviews, 102(10), 3589-3614. doi:10.1021/cr010334mKickelbick, G. (2004). Mesoporöse anorganisch-organische Hybridmaterialien. Angewandte Chemie, 116(24), 3164-3166. doi:10.1002/ange.200301751Kickelbick, G. (2004). Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Mesoporous Materials. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 43(24), 3102-3104. doi:10.1002/anie.200301751Mal, N. K., Fujiwara, M., & Tanaka, Y. (2003). Photocontrolled reversible release of guest molecules from coumarin-modified mesoporous silica. Nature, 421(6921), 350-353. doi:10.1038/nature01362Mal, N. K., Fujiwara, M., Tanaka, Y., Taguchi, T., & Matsukata, M. (2003). Photo-Switched Storage and Release of Guest Molecules in the Pore Void of Coumarin-Modified MCM-41. Chemistry of Materials, 15(17), 3385-3394. doi:10.1021/cm0343296Zhu, Y., & Fujiwara, M. (2007). Installing Dynamic Molecular Photomechanics in Mesopores: A Multifunctional Controlled-Release Nanosystem. Angewandte Chemie, 119(13), 2291-2294. doi:10.1002/ange.200604850Zhu, Y., & Fujiwara, M. (2007). Installing Dynamic Molecular Photomechanics in Mesopores: A Multifunctional Controlled-Release Nanosystem. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(13), 2241-2244. doi:10.1002/anie.200604850Liu, N., Chen, Z., Dunphy, D. R., Jiang, Y.-B., Assink, R. A., & Brinker, C. J. (2003). Angewandte Chemie, 115(15), 1773-1776. doi:10.1002/ange.200250189Liu, N., Chen, Z., Dunphy, D. R., Jiang, Y.-B., Assink, R. A., & Brinker, C. J. (2003). Photoresponsive Nanocomposite Formed by Self-Assembly of an Azobenzene-Modified Silane. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 42(15), 1731-1734. doi:10.1002/anie.200250189Aznar, E., Casasús, R., García-Acosta, B., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2007). Photochemical and Chemical Two-Channel Control of Functional Nanogated Hybrid Architectures. Advanced Materials, 19(17), 2228-2231. doi:10.1002/adma.200601958Park, C., Lee, K., & Kim, C. (2009). Photoresponsive Cyclodextrin-Covered Nanocontainers and Their Sol-Gel Transition Induced by Molecular Recognition. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(7), 1275-1278. doi:10.1002/anie.200803880Ferris, D. P., Zhao, Y.-L., Khashab, N. M., Khatib, H. A., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2009). Light-Operated Mechanized Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(5), 1686-1688. doi:10.1021/ja807798gLin, Q., Huang, Q., Li, C., Bao, C., Liu, Z., Li, F., & Zhu, L. (2010). Anticancer Drug Release from a Mesoporous Silica Based Nanophotocage Regulated by Either a One- or Two-Photon Process. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(31), 10645-10647. doi:10.1021/ja103415tKnežević, N. Ž., Trewyn, B. G., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2011). Light- and pH-Responsive Release of Doxorubicin from a Mesoporous Silica-Based Nanocarrier. Chemistry - A European Journal, 17(12), 3338-3342. doi:10.1002/chem.201002960Knežević, N. Ž., Trewyn, B. G., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2011). Functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticle-based visible light responsive controlled release delivery system. Chemical Communications, 47(10), 2817. doi:10.1039/c0cc04424eTrewyn, B. G., Giri, S., Slowing, I. I., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticle based controlled release, drug delivery, and biosensor systems. Chemical Communications, (31), 3236. doi:10.1039/b701744hTorney, F., Trewyn, B. G., Lin, V. S.-Y., & Wang, K. (2007). Mesoporous silica nanoparticles deliver DNA and chemicals into plants. Nature Nanotechnology, 2(5), 295-300. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.108Radu, D. R., Lai, C.-Y., Jeftinija, K., Rowe, E. W., Jeftinija, S., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2004). A Polyamidoamine Dendrimer-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere-Based Gene Transfection Reagent. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(41), 13216-13217. doi:10.1021/ja046275mGiri, S., Trewyn, B. G., Stellmaker, M. P., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2005). Stimuli-Responsive Controlled-Release Delivery System Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanorods Capped with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie, 117(32), 5166-5172. doi:10.1002/ange.200501819Giri, S., Trewyn, B. G., Stellmaker, M. P., & Lin, V. S.-Y. (2005). Stimuli-Responsive Controlled-Release Delivery System Based on Mesoporous Silica Nanorods Capped with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 44(32), 5038-5044. doi:10.1002/anie.200501819Fujiwara, M., Terashima, S., Endo, Y., Shiokawa, K., & Ohue, H. (2006). Switching catalytic reaction conducted in pore void of mesoporous material by redox gate control. Chemical Communications, (44), 4635. doi:10.1039/b610444dLiu, R., Zhao, X., Wu, T., & Feng, P. (2008). Tunable Redox-Responsive Hybrid Nanogated Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(44), 14418-14419. doi:10.1021/ja8060886Nguyen, T. D., Liu, Y., Saha, S., Leung, K. C.-F., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2007). Design and Optimization of Molecular Nanovalves Based on Redox-Switchable Bistable Rotaxanes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 129(3), 626-634. doi:10.1021/ja065485rCasasús, R., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Ros-Lis, J. V., Soto, J., Villaescusa, L. A., … Latorre, J. (2004). Toward the Development of Ionically Controlled Nanoscopic Molecular Gates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 126(28), 8612-8613. doi:10.1021/ja048095iCasasús, R., Climent, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Ruiz, E. (2008). Dual Aperture Control on pH- and Anion-Driven Supramolecular Nanoscopic Hybrid Gate-like Ensembles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(6), 1903-1917. doi:10.1021/ja0756772Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., Amorós, P., & Guillem, C. (2009). pH- and Photo-Switched Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Supports. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(19), 6833-6843. doi:10.1021/ja810011pAngelos, S., Yang, Y.-W., Khashab, N. M., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2009). Dual-Controlled Nanoparticles Exhibiting AND Logic. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(32), 11344-11346. doi:10.1021/ja9042752Angelos, S., Yang, Y.-W., Patel, K., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2008). pH-Responsive Supramolecular Nanovalves Based on Cucurbit[6]uril Pseudorotaxanes. Angewandte Chemie, 120(12), 2254-2258. doi:10.1002/ange.200705211Angelos, S., Yang, Y.-W., Patel, K., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2008). pH-Responsive Supramolecular Nanovalves Based on Cucurbit[6]uril Pseudorotaxanes. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 47(12), 2222-2226. doi:10.1002/anie.200705211Angelos, S., Khashab, N. M., Yang, Y.-W., Trabolsi, A., Khatib, H. A., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2009). pH Clock-Operated Mechanized Nanoparticles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(36), 12912-12914. doi:10.1021/ja9010157Du, L., Liao, S., Khatib, H. A., Stoddart, J. F., & Zink, J. I. (2009). Controlled-Access Hollow Mechanized Silica Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(42), 15136-15142. doi:10.1021/ja904982jYang, Q., Wang, S., Fan, P., Wang, L., Di, Y., Lin, K., & Xiao, F.-S. (2005). pH-Responsive Carrier System Based on Carboxylic Acid Modified Mesoporous Silica and Polyelectrolyte for Drug Delivery. Chemistry of Materials, 17(24), 5999-6003. doi:10.1021/cm051198vPark, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie, 119(9), 1477-1479. doi:10.1002/ange.200603404Park, C., Oh, K., Lee, S. C., & Kim, C. (2007). Controlled Release of Guest Molecules from Mesoporous Silica Particles Based on a pH-Responsive Polypseudorotaxane Motif. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 46(9), 1455-1457. doi:10.1002/anie.200603404Chen, L., Di, J., Cao, C., Zhao, Y., Ma, Y., Luo, J., … Jiang, L. (2011). A pH-driven DNA nanoswitch for responsive controlled release. Chemical Communications, 47(10), 2850. doi:10.1039/c0cc04765aCliment, E., Bernardos, A., Martínez-Máñez, R., Maquieira, A., Marcos, M. D., Pastor-Navarro, N., … Amorós, P. (2009). Controlled Delivery Systems Using Antibody-Capped Mesoporous Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(39), 14075-14080. doi:10.1021/ja904456dCliment, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., Maquieira, A., & Amorós, P. (2010). Controlled Delivery Using Oligonucleotide-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie, 122(40), 7439-7441. doi:10.1002/ange.201001847Climent, E., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., Maquieira, A., & Amorós, P. (2010). Controlled Delivery Using Oligonucleotide-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 49(40), 7281-7283. doi:10.1002/anie.201001847Patel, K., Angelos, S., Dichtel, W. R., Coskun, A., Yang, Y.-W., Zink, J. I., & Stoddart, J. F. (2008). Enzyme-Responsive Snap-Top Covered Silica Nanocontainers. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 130(8), 2382-2383. doi:10.1021/ja0772086Schlossbauer, A., Kecht, J., & Bein, T. (2009). Biotin-Avidin as a Protease-Responsive Cap System for Controlled Guest Release from Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie, 121(17), 3138-3141. doi:10.1002/ange.200805818Schlossbauer, A., Kecht, J., & Bein, T. (2009). Biotin-Avidin as a Protease-Responsive Cap System for Controlled Guest Release from Colloidal Mesoporous Silica. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(17), 3092-3095. doi:10.1002/anie.200805818Bernardos, A., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Amorós, P. (2009). Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release Using Mesoporous Silica Supports Capped with Lactose. Angewandte Chemie, 121(32), 5998-6001. doi:10.1002/ange.200900880Bernardos, A., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Soto, J., … Amorós, P. (2009). Enzyme-Responsive Controlled Release Using Mesoporous Silica Supports Capped with Lactose. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 48(32), 5884-5887. doi:10.1002/anie.200900880Bernardos, A., Mondragón, L., Aznar, E., Marcos, M. D., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., … Amorós, P. (2010). Enzyme-Responsive Intracellular Controlled Release Using Nanometric Silica Mesoporous Supports Capped with «Saccharides». ACS Nano, 4(11), 6353-6368. doi:10.1021/nn101499dPark, C., Kim, H., Kim, S., & Kim, C. (2009). Enzyme Responsive Nanocontainers with Cyclodextrin Gatekeepers and Synergistic Effects in Release of Guests. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 131(46), 16614-16615. doi:10.1021/ja9061085Thornton, P. D., & Heise, A. (2010). Highly Specific Dual Enzyme-Mediated Payload Release from Peptide-Coated Silica Particles. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 132(6), 2024-2028. doi:10.1021/ja9094439Coll, C., Mondragón, L., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., … Pérez-Payá, E. (2011). Enzyme-Mediated Controlled Release Systems by Anchoring Peptide Sequences on Mesoporous Silica Supports. Angewandte Chemie, 123(9), 2186-2188. doi:10.1002/ange.201004133Coll, C., Mondragón, L., Martínez-Máñez, R., Sancenón, F., Marcos, M. D., Soto, J., … Pérez-Payá, E. (2011). Enzyme-Mediated Controlled Release Systems by Anchoring Peptide Sequences on Mesoporous Silica Supports. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 50(9), 2138-2140. doi:10.1002/anie.201004133Cabrera, S., El Haskouri, J., Guillem, C., Latorre, J., Beltrán-Porter, A., Beltrán-Porter, D., … Amorós *, P. (2000). Generalised syntheses of ordered mesoporous oxides: the atrane route. Solid State Sciences, 2(4), 405-420. doi:10.1016/s1293-2558(00)00152-7Goldcamp, M. J., Rosa, D. T., Landers, N. A., Mandel, S. M., Krause Bauer, J. A., & Baldwin, M. J. (2000). Facile and Versatile Synthesis of Polydentate Metal Chelators with Both Amide and Oxime Donor Groups. Synthesis, 2000(14), 2033-2038. doi:10.1055/s-2000-8724Felix, F., Ferguson, J., Guedel, H. U., & Ludi, A. (1980). The electronic spectrum of tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(2+). Journal of the American Chemical Society, 102(12), 4096-4102. doi:10.1021/ja00532a019Lytle, F. E., & Hercules, D. M. (1969). Luminescence of tris(2,2’-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) dichloride. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 91(2), 253-257. doi:10.1021/ja01030a00

Estimating the Prevalence and Correlates of Psychiatric Disorders and Mental Health Problems among Undocumented Mexican Immigrants using the National Latino and Asian American Study

This study examines the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorders and mental health problems among undocumented Mexican immigrants using the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS). Two approaches were used to obtain estimates for likely undocumented Mexican immigrants (LUMIs): (1) creation of a proxy variable, and (2) multiple imputation using chained equations. Results indicated that LUMIs had greater prevalence rates for specific anxiety disorders, depressive disorders and poor self-rated mental health compared to documented Mexican immigrants. Next, potential mediators of poor mental health were identified. Finally, LUMIs were compared with other Latino groups by nativity status. This study concludes with a discussion of the results and implications for future research

Potential Nematode Alarm Pheromone Induces Acute Avoidance in Caenorhabditis elegans

It is crucial for animal survival to detect dangers such as predators. A good indicator of dangers is injury of conspecifics. Here we show that fluids released from injured conspecifics invoke acute avoidance in both free-living and parasitic nematodes. Caenorhabditis elegans avoids extracts from closely related nematode species but not fruit fly larvae. The worm extracts have no impact on animal lifespan, suggesting that the worm extract may function as an alarm instead of inflicting physical harm. Avoidance of the worm extract requires the function of a cGMP signaling pathway that includes the cGMP-gated channel TAX-2/TAX-4 in the amphid sensory neurons ASI and ASK. Genetic evidence indicates that the avoidance behavior is modulated by the neurotransmitters GABA and serotonin, two common targets of anxiolytic drugs. Together, these data support a model that nematodes use a nematode-specific alarm pheromone to detect conspecific injury

Microscopic approach to current-driven domain wall dynamics

This review describes in detail the essential techniques used in microscopic theories on spintronics. We have investigated the domain wall dynamics induced by electric current based on the $s$-$d$ exchange model. The domain wall is treated as rigid and planar and is described by two collective coordinates: the position and angle of wall magnetization. The effect of conduction electrons on the domain wall dynamics is calculated in the case of slowly varying spin structure (close to the adiabatic limit) by use of a gauge transformation. The spin-transfer torque and force on the wall are expressed by Feynman diagrams and calculated systematically using non-equilibrium Green's functions, treating electrons fully quantum mechanically. The wall dynamics is discussed based on two coupled equations of motion derived for two collective coordinates. The force is related to electron transport properties, resistivity, and the Hall effect. Effect of conduction electron spin relaxation on the torque and wall dynamics is also studied.Comment: manucript accepted to Phys. Re

Harm-reduction approaches for self-cutting in inpatient mental health settings:development and preliminary validation of the Attitudes to Self-cutting Management (ASc-Me) Scale

IntroductionHarm-reduction approaches for self-harm in mental health settings have been under-researched.AimTo develop a measure of the acceptability of management approaches for self-cutting in mental health inpatient settings.MethodsStage one: scale items were generated from relevant literature and staff/service user consultation. Stage two: A cross-sectional survey and statistical methods from classical test theory informed scale development.Results/FindingsAt stage one N=27 staff and service users participated. At stage two N=215 people (n=175 current mental health practitioners and n=40 people with experience of self-cutting as a UK mental health inpatient) completed surveys. Principal components analysis revealed a simple factor structure such that each method had a unique acceptability profile. Reliability, construct validity, and internal consistency were acceptable. The harm-reduction approaches 'advising on wound-care' and 'providing a first aid kit' were broadly endorsed; 'providing sterile razors' and 'maintaining a supportive nursing presence during cutting' were less acceptable but more so than seclusion and restraint.DiscussionThe Attitudes to Self-cutting Management scale is a reliable and valid measure that could inform service design and development.Implications for practiceNurses should discuss different options for management of self-cutting with service users. Harm reduction approaches may be more acceptable than coercive measures. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.</p