Metaphors and Metonymies: Parade’s End Between Prose and Poetry

The essay shows how Ford Madox Ford’s tetralogy Parade’s End, though displaying a general metaphoric structure, has ties belonging to the metonymic sphere as well. Metonymies dissolve into metaphors and metaphoric suggestions lead in turn to metonymic associations. Through the use of time shift in interior monologues, Ford can vividly bring forth his characters’ lives and memories, and while metaphors become the means to recover their past, metonymies are essential in evoking it and in setting it in motion again. Il saggio vuole evidenziare come la tetralogia Parade’s End di Ford Madox Ford, pur svelando una struttura generalmente metaforica, abbia un substrato appartenente alla sfera metonimica. Le metonimie si dissolvono in metafore e le suggestioni metaforiche portano a loro volta ad associazioni metonimiche. Attraverso l’uso del time-shift nei monologhi interiori, Ford riprende e porta allo scoperto la vita e le memorie dei suoi personaggi, e mentre le metafore diventano il mezzo per recuperare il passato, le metonimie si rendono essenziali per evocarlo e metterlo nuovamente in moto

Evoluzione, stasi e regressione nei Dubliners di James Joyce

Simbolo della necessità della fuga ma anche della sua impossibilità concreta e quindi di una ribellione solo pensata, i personaggi di Dubliners sono spesso stati definiti esclusivamente dalla loro staticità. Ma mentre appare senz’altro vero che è la paralisi di Dublino a costituire uno dei tratti dominanti, oltre che più evidenti, dell’ambientazione delle storie, una messa a fuoco più esclusiva della competenza dei personaggi - intesa come il volere, potere, sapere, essenziali affinché il personaggio possa attuare la sua performance, il suo/fare/ - rivela invece una rigorosa dinamica trasformazionale, almeno per quanto riguarda una metà dei racconti che si possono considerare quindi come un corpus omogeneo e di cui si propone qui un campione sottoponendolo ad analisi

Sorveglianza delle gastroenteriti da Norovirus in Italia: comparsa e diffusione della nuova variante GII.4 Sydney 2012

In the 2012-2013 winter season, global surveillance for norovirus circulation evidenced the onset of a new norovirus GII.4 variant, termed Sydney 2012. In Italy, ISGEV hospital-based surveillance revealed that this variant already circulated at low frequency in the winter season 2011-2012 and emerged definitively only in the late 2012. This lag-time pattern mirrors the findings reported elsewhere and suggests that the novel variant circulated at low prevalence before spreading globally

Genetic heterogeneity and recombination in human type 2 astroviruses

Novel lineages of human astrovirus (HAstV) types 2, 2c, and 2d have been identified. Upon sequencing of the 3= end of the genome, the type 2c and 2d HAstVs were found to be open reading frame 1b (ORF1b)-ORF2 recombinant, with ORF1b being derived from type 3 and type 1 HAstVs, respectively. An ORF2 interlineage recombinant strain, 2c/2b, was also identified

Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric and microbiological analyses on irradiated chicken

Ionizing radiation is widely used as treatment technique for food preservation. It involves among others reduction of microbial contamination, disinfestations, sprout inhibition and extension of shelf life of food. However, the commercialization of irradiated food requires the availability of reliable methods to identify irradiated foodstuffs. In this paper, we present results on the application to irradiated chicken of this method, based on the detection, in muscle and skin samples, of the peaks of ions 98 Da and 112 Da, in a ratio approximately 4:1, typical of radiation induced 2-dodecylcyclobutanones (2-DCB). Aim of the work was also to study the time stability of the measured parameters in samples irradiated at 3 and 5 kGy, and to verify the efficacy of the treatment from a microbiological point of view. Our results show that, one month after irradiation at 3 kGy, the method is suitable using the skin but not the muscle, while the measured parameters are detectable in both samples irradiated at 5 kGy. The microbial population was substantially reduced even at 3 kGy. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Environmental Education Perception Index (IPEA) headed for sustainable development: A study in Elementary Schools in the city of Guajará-Mirim, Rondônia (Brazil)

To analyze in the framework of elementary State schools located in Guajará-Mirim, the environmental education practice in reference of the National Curriculum Parameters for Education in Brazil which may bring new elements allowing to infer on the prospects for the future generations of a region highly committed to the environmental policy instituted in the State of Rondônia (Brazil) along its trajectory. Method: It has been used a construction method of Environmental Education Perception Index (IPEA) which has followed the logic of factorial analysis. Results: In general, the IPEA (Teachers) submitted a result considered "good". About the students, the result was troubling due to 75% of the of the schools studied submitted results considered only "regular". The average IPEA of formal public education at the fundamental level was considered "regular" at the IPEA of 0.597. Final Considerations:It does not notice an educational coherence for what is the strongest point in Guajará-Mirim: environmental preservation. It was possible to observe that the Guajaramirense society is experiencing a moment of institutional crisis, of values, ethics and behavior which reflects directly on the citizens' attitudes that do not correspond to the status of a region with a strong environmental policy

Groundwater quality:Study of the Nitrate(NO3-) concentration in the Urban Area of the Brazil/Bolivia Border

Objective: To analyze the quality of groundwater potentially impacted by nitrate (NO3-), before and after the flooding of the Madeira River, in two urban areas of Rondônia on the Brazil / Bolivia border. Method: Data and water samples were collected according to Standard Methods for the Examination for Water and Wasterwater (APHA, 1998) together with the methodology proposed in the Water Sample Collection and Preservation Environmental Sanitation – CETESB. The place were georeferenced using the Global Positioning System (GPS). For nitrate measurement, the spectrophotometry method was used using the Spectrophotometer, brand Micronal B495, the chemical reagents used were made by Alfatecnoquímica and available in two vials called reagents 1 and 2 (nitrate reagent). Results: In the first large area of risk in 100% of samples, high levels of N nitrate (NO3-) were detected. > 10 mg / L. In the second area in 30% of the samples were detected NO3 content higher than 10mg / L. Conclusions: The population is consuming water with a high degree of nitrate contamination. It alerts itself to a public health issue