The Social Licence for Research:Why care.data Ran Into Trouble

In this article we draw on the concept of a social licence to explain public concern at the introduction of care.data, a recent English initiative designed to extract data from primary care medical records for commissioning and other purposes, including research. The concept of a social licence describes how the expectations of society regarding some activities may go beyond compliance with the requirements of formal regulation; those who do not fulfil the conditions for the social licence (even if formally compliant) may experience ongoing challenge and contestation. Previous work suggests that people's cooperation with specific research studies depends on their perceptions that their participation is voluntary and is governed by values of reciprocity, non-exploitation and service of the public good. When these conditions are not seen to obtain, threats to the social licence for research may emerge. We propose that care.data failed to adequately secure a social licence because of: (i) defects in the warrants of trust provided for care.data, (ii) the implied rupture in the traditional role, expectations and duties of general practitioners, and (iii) uncertainty about the status of care.data as a public good. The concept of a social licence may be useful in explaining the specifics of care.data, and also in reinforcing the more general lesson for policy-makers that legal authority does not necessarily command social legitimacy

Home Manufacture of Drugs: An Online Investigation and a Toxicological Reality Check of Online Discussions on Drug Chemistry

Emerging trends in market dynamics and the use of new psychoactive substances are both a public health concern and a complex regulatory issue. One novel area of investigation is the availability of homemade opioids, amphetamines and dissociatives, and the potential fueling of interest in clandestine home manufacture of drugs via the Internet. We illustrate here how online communal folk pharmacology of homemade drugs on drug website forums may actually inform home manufacture practices or contribute to the reduction of harms associated with this practice. Discrepancies between online information around purification and making homemade drugs safer, and the synthesis of the same substances in a proper laboratory environment, exist. Moderation and shutdown of synthesis queries and discussions online are grounded in drug websites adhering to harm-reduction principles by facilitating discussions around purification of homemade drugs only. Drug discussion forums should consider reevaluating their policies on chemistry discussions in aiming to reach people who cannot or will not refrain from cooking their own drugs with credible information that may contribute to reductions in the harms associated with this practice. © 2017 Taylor & Francis Group, LL

Turfing

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73062/1/j.1525-1497.1999.00325.x.pd

A Co-Generated Analysis of Thai Homestays: Overcoming SERVQUAL Deficiencies and Sustainability Barriers

Post-COVID-19, international travelers have brand assurance expectations that often surpass the benchmark set by the Thai Homestay Standard, leaving some operators struggling to position with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Thai homestays face significant challenges due to the lack of clear transitional pathways toward sustainability and alignment with international (ASEAN) standards for 'service quality' (SERVQUAL). This study critically examines these SERVQUAL deficiencies and analyzes Thai homestays in comparison with the ASEAN Homestay Standard, using frameworks derived from SERVQUAL and the SDGs. It identifies barriers within the standards and proposes actionable tools to bridge these gaps, enabling homestays to support sustainability objectives better. Adopting a reflective and co-creative methodological approach, the research engaged a rural community in Northeastern Thailand to co-generate insights towards homestay quality. Findings show community-identified barriers across three core SERVQUAL dimensions: Tangibles, Responsiveness, and Assurance. However, external observations on SERVQUAL of homestays identified all five dimensions, including Reliability and Empathy, albeit against different items. The internal/external gaze juxtaposition suggests a precarious role of sustainability within Thai ethnic homestays. The study's novelty lies in its longitudinal fieldwork and applying a mutual gaze to embed SERVQUAL principles into homestay practices via a refined standards matrix. Findings highlight the pressing need for revisions to the Thai Homestay Standard, equipping hosts to transition effectively toward internationalization while achieving higher service quality and sustainability

Art, love, museums, and motives : an ethnomethodological market survey of visitor experiences and the blockbuster exhibition

Although the term "Art Lover" is something that our society uses in everyday language, little is known about what this term means. How do museum visitors characterize the Art Lover? How does an Art Lover's experience of art differ from that of a Non-Art Lover? In answering these two questions, this study seeks to understand a museum visitor's self-identification as an Art Lover and the role that this identification plays in the quality of their museum experience. Using a framework of Ethnomethodology and Marketing Research techniques, a written questionnaire consisting of thirty-five questions was administered. In April 2003, over one-hundred visitors to the Montreal Museum of Fine Art completed the questionnaire. Seven visitors participated in follow-up interviews. It was found that 22% of museum attendees in this study do not consider themselves Art Lovers. Analysis of both questionnaire and interview results revealed that all participants--regardless of their love for art--shared many of the same responses, emotions, and behaviours. However, in comparing the experiences of Art Lovers to Non-Art Lovers, a marked difference was found in the relative intensities and values associated with these motives, emotions, and behaviours. Art Lovers expressed a high level of intensity in their desire to seek out museum experiences and subsequently reported an elevated level of satisfaction with their experience of the exhibition. The results of this study suggest that to consider oneself an Art Lover is directly and positively related to the quality of an individual's museum experience. This study also suggests that a significant proportion of museum visitors are people who do not consider themselves Art Lovers and that museums need to better address this segment of their public

Electronic Word of Mouth (Ewom) and the Travel Intention of Social Networkers Post-COVID-19: A Vietnam Case

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to quantitatively determine the impact of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) on the travel intention of Vietnamese social network users. The study proposes solutions to develop online marketing strategies in tourism to quickly restore the tourism industry after the COVID-19 pandemic.   Theoretical framework: This study combines two theoretical models, the Information Acceptance Model (IAM) and the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), to explore how electronic Word-of-Mouth (eWOM) impacts travel intentions in Vietnam, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. IAM focuses on factors like information quality and credibility, while TRA addresses additional behavioral factors. By integrating these models, the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of eWOM's influence on travel intentions among social media users in Vietnam during the pandemic.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The study was conducted in Vietnam. The questionnaire was administered to respondents via an online survey. The results were 262 valid feedback forms conducted in 2023. Linear structural modeling (SEM) was used to measure the relationship between factors in the research model.   Findings: Research results show that all factors have a positive impact on travel intention through other factors, or will directly impact travel intention of social network users in Vietnam.   Research,  Practical  &  Social implications: It is critical to focus on building marketing channels that support electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) in order to successfully promote trip ambitions. The Tourism Office has adopted digital marketing as a cutting-edge strategy for promoting the region's tourism potential (Burhan, 2023). Furthermore, because travel intentions are positively related to information acceptance, these channels must prioritize improving the quality and dependability of eWOM information. Furthermore, channel managers should keep a careful eye on customers' opinions regarding eWOM-related concerns. Finally, administrators should create unique, context-based solutions that might increase travel intentions among social network members while taking Vietnam's cultural context into consideration. This proactive strategy enables rapid revisions and customized solutions to successfully engage with the Vietnamese audience.   Originality/Value: The unique contribution of this paper lies in its innovative introduction of a modified theoretical model of rational action. This model aims to elucidate factors influencing tourist travel behavior in a way that has not been explored in previous research. Specifically, it amalgamates elements from three existing models (TRA, IAM, and TPB) and introduces an additional eWOM factor to enhance the understanding of behavioral intentions. This novel factor, devised by the authors in their research model, holds particular relevance for a country like Vietnam, characterized by its developing technological landscape and strong traditional culture. This novelty significantly enhances our ability to analyze the impact of eWOM on travel intentions among social media users in Vietnam, especially during the prolonged effects of the COVID-19 pandemic

Hot of Not: Physiological versus Meteorological Heatwaves-Support for a Mean Temperature Threshold

The aim of this study was to determine whether a revised heat warning threshold provides an enhanced predictive tool for increases in Emergency Department heat-related presentations in Canberra, Australia. All Emergency Department triage records containing the word "heat", as well as those diagnosing a heat related illness for the summer periods 2013/2014, 2014/2015, and 2015/2016 were searched. Then a medical record review was conducted to confirm that the patient's presentation was related to environmental heat, which was defined by the final clinical diagnosis, presentation complaint and details of the patient's treatment. Researchers then compared this presentation data, to a mean threshold formula. The mean threshold formula included the past three consecutive daily mean temperatures and the last measured temperature upon presentation. This formula was designed to take into account the variance of night-time lows, with concurrent daily ambient temperatures, and was used to determine whether there was a correlation between heat-related presentations and increasing mean temperatures. Heat-related presentations appeared to occur when the mean threshold temperature reached 25 °C (77 °F), with significant increases when the mean threshold reached 30 °C (86 °F). These results confirm that a mean temperature of 30 °C corresponds to a relevant local public health heat-related threat

Mitcham's front gardens : a study of changing garden styles and practices in post war suburban Adelaide

Thesis (M.A.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Geography, 1994