Bases of Power and Conflict Intervention Strategy: A Study on Turkish Managers

Purpose – This study developed an influence perspective for managerial intervention in subordinates conflicts, which helped to represent various strategies identified in the literature in a single model. Managers’ power base was then related to their intervention strategies. Drawing upon Social Judgment Theory, anchoring of subordinates positions was studied as a moderating variable. Methodology – Thirty nine supervisors and their 165 subordinates from several organizations in Turkey filled out a questionnaire reporting power base of supervisor and their intervention strategy utilizing the Critical Incident Technique. Findings – Referent power of superior led to mediation in subordinates’ conflicts. However, mediation decreased while restructuring, arbitration, and educative strategies increased with increased anchoring of subordinates’ positions. These latter strategies mostly relied on reward power of manager. Subordinate satisfaction was highest with mediation and lowest when supervisors distanced themselves from the conflict. Limitations/Implications – The present study could only test the moderating effect of escalation as an anchoring variable. Future studies may look at the anchoring effect of whether the dispute is handled in public or in private, and whether the parties have a competing versus collaborative or compromising styles. Practical implications – Training of managers in mediation may be essential in cultures where they play a focal role in handling subordinates conflicts. Such training may have to take into account their broader influence strategies and use of power. Originality/Value – An influence perspective is useful in integrating the vast array of managerial intervention strategies in the literature. Furthermore, the anchoring effect provides a theoretical explanation for managers’ use of more forceful intervention with less cooperative subordinates

Bases of Power and Conflict Intervention Strategy: A Study on Turkish Managers

Purpose – This study developed an influence perspective for managerial intervention in subordinates conflicts, which helped to represent various strategies identified in the literature in a single model. Managers’ power base was then related to their intervention strategies. Drawing upon Social Judgment Theory, anchoring of subordinates positions was studied as a moderating variable. Methodology – Thirty nine supervisors and their 165 subordinates from several organizations in Turkey filled out a questionnaire reporting power base of supervisor and their intervention strategy utilizing the Critical Incident Technique. Findings – Referent power of superior led to mediation in subordinates’ conflicts. However, mediation decreased while restructuring, arbitration, and educative strategies increased with increased anchoring of subordinates’ positions. These latter strategies mostly relied on reward power of manager. Subordinate satisfaction was highest with mediation and lowest when supervisors distanced themselves from the conflict. Limitations/Implications – The present study could only test the moderating effect of escalation as an anchoring variable. Future studies may look at the anchoring effect of whether the dispute is handled in public or in private, and whether the parties have a competing versus collaborative or compromising styles. Practical implications – Training of managers in mediation may be essential in cultures where they play a focal role in handling subordinates conflicts. Such training may have to take into account their broader influence strategies and use of power. Originality/Value – An influence perspective is useful in integrating the vast array of managerial intervention strategies in the literature. Furthermore, the anchoring effect provides a theoretical explanation for managers’ use of more forceful intervention with less cooperative subordinates

HISTIOCITOSE DE CÉLULAS DE LANGERHANS AUTOLIMITADA E DE INÍCIO TARDIO: RELATO DE UMA ENTIDADE RARÍSSIMA

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de histiocitose de células de Langerhans autolimitada e de início tardio. Descrição do caso: Paciente com 4 meses e meio de idade do sexo feminino, apresentando uma erupção cutânea eritematosa purpúrea, foi submetida a uma biópsia de pele, sendo diagnosticada com histiocitose de células de Langerhans cutânea isolada. As lesões regrediram em poucos meses e ela foi diagnosticada, retrospectivamente, com histiocitose de células de Langerhans autolimitada e de início tardio, após não apresentar nenhum envolvimento cutâneo ou sistêmico durante um seguimento de quatro anos. Comentários: A histiocitose de células de Langerhans autolimitada caracteriza-se pela proliferação clonal das células de Langerhans e apresenta-se com lesões cutâneas, sendo uma variante autolimitada rara de histiocitose. A doença só pode ser diagnosticada de forma retrospectiva, após o paciente não apresentar nenhum envolvimento sistêmico durante vários anos. Embora existam casos de manifestações ao nascimento ou durante o período neonatal, apenas alguns casos de histiocitose de células de Langerhans de idade tardia foram relatados. Lesões purpúreas que aparecem após o período neonatal podem sugerir histiocitose de células de Langerhans autolimitada e de início tardio. Uma vez confirmado o diagnóstico por biópsia cutânea, tais pacientes devem ser acompanhados regularmente, pois pode haver comprometimento sistêmico

Alternative prognostic factors in pediatric embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Nm23 expression, proliferative activity and angiogenesis

Possible clinical relevance of Nm23 expression, angiogenesis and proliferative activity were evaluated as prognostic parameters in childhood embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Specimens of 25 RMS cases were studied for Nm23 antigen immunohistochemically. Vascular surface density (VSD) and number of vessels per stroma (NVES) calculated by stereologic methods on labeling sections with CD34 antibody. For evaluation of proliferative activity of tumors, mitotic figures and Ki67 positive cells were investigated. All findings were searched statistically. Five patients were stage 1 (20%), two were stage 2 (8%), 15 were stage 3 (60%) and three were stage 4 (12%). The mean event free survival (EFS) was 20.8 and the mean overall survival (OS) was 25.9 months. Sixteen patients (64%) were alive and without disease. The percentage of Nm23 positivity was 52%. Log rank analysis showed Nm23 as a predictor for survival (p=0.0313). In Pearson correlation analysis, there was statistical significance between OS and presence of Nm23 expression (p=0.044). VSD was also positively related with EFS (p=0.040). Despite the present parameters in use, there is a need for new prognostic markers, especially to predict the outcome of patients. These findings suggested that Nm23 expression and VSD might be useful for follow-up in RMS

Neuroprotective effects of intravenous immunoglobulin are mediated through inhibition of complement activation and apoptosis in a rat model of sepsis

BACKGROUND: Intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (Ig) treatment is known to alleviate behavioral deficits and increase survival in the experimentally induced model of sepsis. To delineate the mechanisms by which IVIg treatment prevents neuronal dysfunction, an array of immunological and apoptosis markers was investigated. METHODS: Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation perforation (CLP) in rats. The animals were divided into five groups: sham, control, CLP + saline, CLP + immunoglobulin G (IgG) (250 mg/kg, iv), and CLP + immunoglobulins enriched with immunoglobulin M (IgGAM) (250 mg/kg, iv). Blood and brain samples were taken in two sets of experiments to see the early (24 h) and late (10 days) effects of treatment. Total complement activity, complement 3 (C3), and soluble complement C5b-9 levels were measured in the sera of rats using ELISA-based methods. Cerebral complement, complement receptor, NF-κB, Bax, and Bcl-2 expressions were analyzed by western blot and/or RT-PCR methods. Immune cell infiltration and gliosis were examined by immunohistochemistry using CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD19, and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibodies. Apoptotic neuronal death was investigated by TUNEL staining. RESULTS: IVIgG and IgGAM administration significantly reduced systemic complement activity and cerebral C5a and C5a receptor expression. Likewise, both treatment methods reduced proapoptotic NF-κB and Bax expressions in the brain. IVIgG and IgGAM treatment induced considerable amelioration in glial cell proliferation and neuronal apoptosis which were increased in non-treated septic rats. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that IVIgG and IgGAM administration ameliorates neuronal dysfunction and behavioral deficits by reducing apoptotic cell death and glial cell proliferation. In both treatment methods, these beneficial effects might be mediated through reduction of anaphylatoxic C5a activity and subsequent inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis pathways. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40635-016-0114-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Üç boyutlu vatandaşlık performansı modelinin Türkiye’de yapı geçerliği ve öncülleri

The current study examined the construct validity and predictors of the three-dimensional citizenship performance construct in employed samples in Turkey. Three independent studies were conducted. First, the face and content validity of the citizenship performance construct was examined in a sample of ten participants via semi-structured interviews. Second, the factor structure, discriminant validity, and internal consistency of citizenship performance were examined in a sample of 213 employees. Third, utilizing the target similarity model, the relationships of citizenship performance with personality variables, job involvement, job satisfaction, group cohesiveness, organizational justice, and organizational commitment were tested in a sample of 613 participants. Results provided psychometric support for the three-dimensional citizenship performance conceptualization and scale in the Turkish context. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed