Subunit Asa1 spans all the peripheral stalk of the mitochondrial ATP synthase of the chlorophycean alga Polytomella sp.

peer reviewedMitochondrial F1FO-ATP synthase of chlorophycean algae is dimeric. It contains eight orthodox subunits (alpha, beta, gamma, delta, epsilon, OSCP, a and c) and nine atypical subunits (Asa1 to 9). These subunits build the peripheral stalk of the enzyme and stabilize its dimeric structure. The location of the 66.1kDa subunit Asa1 has been debated. On one hand, it was found in a transient subcomplex that contained membrane-bound subunits Asa1/Asa3/Asa5/Asa8/a (Atp6)/c (Atp9). On the other hand, Asa1 was proposed to form the bulky structure of the peripheral stalk that contacts the OSCP subunit in the F1 sector. Here, we overexpressed and purified the recombinant proteins Asa1 and OSCP and explored their interactions in vitro, using immunochemical techniques and affinity chromatography. Asa1 and OSCP interact strongly, and the carboxy-terminal half of OSCP seems to be instrumental for this association. In addition, the algal ATP synthase was partially dissociated at relatively high detergent concentrations, and an Asa1/Asa3/Asa5/Asa8/a/c10 subcomplex was identified. Furthermore, Far-Western analysis suggests an Asa1-Asa8 interaction. Based on these results, a model is proposed in which Asa1 spans the whole peripheral arm of the enzyme, from a region close to the matrix-exposed side of the mitochondrial inner membrane to the F1 region where OSCP is located. 3D models show elongated, helix-rich structures for chlorophycean Asa1 subunits. Asa1 subunit probably plays a scaffolding role in the peripheral stalk analogous to the one of subunit b in orthodox mitochondrial enzymes

Comparison of the eficacy and safety of 4 mg of ondansetron vs. 4 mg of nalbuphine for the treatment of neuraxial morphineinduced pruritus

Objective: To compare the eficacy and safety of 4 mg of ondansetron vs. 4 mg of nalbuphine for the treatment of neuraxial morphine-induced pruritus, in patients at the “Dr. José Eleuterio González” University Hospital from September 2012 to August 2013. Material and methods: A controlled, prospective, randomized study of 28 patients (14 per group) receiving neuraxial morphine analgesia was conducted, which was registered and approved by the ethics Committee of the Institution and patients agreed to participate in the study under informed consent. The results were segmented and contrasted (according to drug) by hypothesis testing; the association was determined by X2 with a 95% conidence interval (CI). Results: Pruritus was effectively resolved in both groups and no signiicant difference was found in the rest of the variables. An increase in the visual analogue scale (eVA) was observed at 6 and 12 hours for the ondansetron group, which was statistically signiicant (p≤0.05), however both groups had an eVA of less than 3. Conclusions: When comparing the eficacy and safety of ondansetron 4 mg vs. nalbuphine 4 mg for the treatment of neuraxial morphine induced pruritus, the only signiicant difference found was the mean eVA at 6 and 12 hours, favoring the ondansetron group. However, both groups scored less than 3 on the eVA. Therefore, we consider that both treatments are effective and safe in the treatment of pruritus caused by neuraxial morphine

Educación y globalización ¿ser mercancía para ser globales?

The fundamental intention of this paper is to establish specific models concerning behavioral evidences of financial agents, and general conditions they need to face as well.Here the analysis is focused in two different and main scenarios: (i) direct; and (ii) indirect financial spheres. This study takes into consideration three different financial agents: workers with income surpluses, professional investors, and financial intermediaries, including bank agencies. Regarding conduct of financial agents with direct and indirect financial resources, Chakraborty and Ray´s model is applied. A model based on Dornbusch contributions is addressed in reference to the influence of macroeconomic policies, specifically exchange rate decisions, which in turn affect trade balance, current account and employment levels within domestic markets.En este artículo se pretende analizar la globalización y sus efectos en lo local, específicamente en la pedagogía de la guerra. En contraposición, se propone una pedagogía de la resistencia, como tema de importancia a desarrollar desde las ciencias sociales en la escuela. Para ello, se retoman experiencias realizadas por los maestros, donde se recogen fenómenos sociales propios del contexto de guerra, relacionándolos con el fenómeno de la globalización y de cómo la escuela empíricamente ha empezado a enfrentarlos desde su labor educativa y pedagógica.RECIBIDO: 01 de noviembre de 2013ACEPTADO: 07 de diciembre de 201

Love’s promise: traducir el Caribe para cambiar la hegemonía cultural y el papel de la inteligencia artificial en la traducción de estas literaturas

La literatura poscolonial caribeña cuenta con muy poca representación en el panorama literario español. A pesar de que traducir estas obras para un público europeo puede resultar una tarea compleja debido a la lejanía entre ambas culturas, es esencial que los traductores lleven a cabo su trabajo desde el conocimiento de la cultura origen para así alterar la hegemonía del flujo cultural, que, hoy en día, sigue proviniendo de las antiguas potencias coloniales. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los retos que supone la traducción de la literatura de Opal Palmer Adisa y exponer las diferentes estrategias de traducción que pueden ayudar a solventarlos, de forma que podamos aspirar a traducciones fieles que faciliten el acceso de nuestra sociedad a culturas diferentes e históricamente silenciadas. Para ello, se darán unas pinceladas sobre el contexto social de Jamaica, profundizando especialmente en la realidad lingüística de este territorio. De igual forma, abordaremos las características principales del feminismo transnacional, cuya consecución es otro de los objetivos de este trabajo, de manera que las luchas de las mujeres negras se sitúen en el mismo nivel que aquellas de las feministas blancas, que cuentan con más influencia en el entorno europeo. Asimismo, se pretende ver el papel que la Inteligencia Artificial puede tener no solo en la traducción literaria, sino en la traducción de obras de las características como la que se ha traducido para este proyecto.Postcolonial literature from the Caribbean is highly underrepresented in the literary industry in Spain. Although translating these works for a European audience poses many challenges due to the differences between both cultures, it is crucial for translators to carry out their work from the place of a(n) (deep/profound) understanding of the original culture.Thus, they can contribute to changing the hegemonic cultural flow, which, to this day, continues to come from ancient colonial powers. The aim of this paper is to analyse the challenges posed by the works of Opal Palmer Adisa, as well as to present different strategies that might be helpful to overcome these challenges. With these faithful translations, we expect to facilitate the entry of these historically silenced cultures into our Western society. To accomplish all of this, we will provide insights into the Jamaican social context, focusing in particular on the linguistic particularities of this territory. We will also address the main characteristics of transnational feminism, which is another one of the aims of this paper, in order to equate black women’s struggles to those of white women, whose influence extends further in Europe. Moreover, we intend to discover the role that Artificial Intelligence plays not only in literary translation, but also in the translation of works like the one presented in this paper

La notoriedad de la marca Promart en la campaña publicitaria "Tu familia es perfecta", año 2017

La presente investigación pretende describir datos importantes de la notoriedad de la marca Promart de la campaña “Tu familia es perfecta”, año 2017. Por ello, se analizará esta variable y sus dimensiones como la imagen de marca, reconocimiento y recordación que posee la campaña investigada

The role of biotechnology in agricultural production and food supply

Over the past several decades, technological developments and modernization have grown concomitantly.For example, advances in biotechnology have been used as a tool to increase food production. Specifically, advances in genetic engineering have made possible the manipulation of crops to increase yield, guaranteeing food supplies for the increasing world population. However, transgenic crops have not been well received by all members of society, and there is still uncertainty about their social benefits and the possible implications to human health. Additionally, the benefits of agricultural modernization have favored only developed countries, whereas people living in developing and underdeveloped countries suffer rampant hunger, malnutrition and poverty. Hence, there is a necessity to create policies guaranteeing that the advances in biotechnology are translated into better agricultural practices that can meet the ever-growing food demand. The agricultural modernization process, however, must consider that sustainable development is imperative in modern societies and that there is an increasing desire for consuming so-called organic foods based on the idea that these foods have a higher quality and stimulate regional agricultural production. This review discusses the role of biotechnology throughout history in relation to agricultural production and the development of the food sector

El cuerpo un territorio en disputa entre el Estado mercado y la sabiduría ancestral

RESUMEN: En la presente investigación, caminaremos por los pensamientos, las palabras y las acciones, que los individuos tienen instaladas en su subjetividad de forma enajenada. El recorrido se hará a través de la realización de talleres de socialización de la propuesta pedagógica, mediante la metodología de diálogo de saberes, y la producción social de conocimientos con una mirada crítica, sobre las prácticas aprendidas desde un enfoque cualitativo con conversatorios y talleres en los: usos, hábitos, dependencias y abusos. Así mismo se analizarán los discursos y las categorías conceptuales que instalan en el cuerpo como tecnologías de poder, y que desde él se reproducen y sustentan ideologías y políticas que sirven a la reproducción del sistema social Estado mercado

A relevantist's glance at Bell's theorem

In this paper, we examine Routley/Sylvan’s suggestion that the logic to be employed in quantum mechanics is a relevance logic, and how that would affect the plausibility of certain ideas in the scope of no-go theorems like Bell’s