Predicting the optical observables for nucleon scattering on even-even actinides

Previously derived Lane consistent dispersive coupled-channel optical model for nucleon scattering on $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U nuclei is extended to describe scattering on even-even actinides with $Z=$90--98. A soft-rotator-model (SRM) description of the low-lying nuclear structure is used, where SRM Hamiltonian parameters are adjusted to the observed collective levels of the target nucleus. SRM nuclear wave functions (mixed in $K$ quantum number) have been used to calculate coupling matrix elements of the generalized optical model. The "effective" deformations that define inter-band couplings are derived from SRM Hamiltonian parameters. Conservation of nuclear volume is enforced by introducing a dynamic monopolar term to the deformed potential leading to additional couplings between rotational bands. Fitted static deformation parameters are in very good agreement with those derived by Wang and collaborators using the Weizs\"acker-Skyrme global mass model (WS4), allowing to use the latter to predict cross section for nuclei without experimental data. A good description of scarce "optical" experimental database is achieved. SRM couplings and volume conservation allow a precise calculation of the compound-nucleus formation cross sections, which is significantly different from the one calculated with rigid-rotor potentials coupling the ground-state rotational band. Derived parameters can be used to describe both neutron and proton induced reactions.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, 5 table

Nucleon scattering on actinides using a dispersive optical model with extended couplings

Tamura coupling model has been extended to consider the coupling of additional low-lying rotational bands to the ground state band. Rotational bands are built on vibrational bandheads (even-even targets) or single particle bandheads (odd-$A$ targets) including both axial and non-axial deformations. These additional excitations are introduced as a perturbation to the underlying axially-symmetric rigid rotor structure of the ground state rotational band. Coupling matrix elements of the generalized optical model are derived for extended multi-band transitions in even-even and odd-$A$ nuclei. Isospin symmetric formulation of the optical model is employed. A coupled-channels optical model potential (OMP) containing a dispersive contribution is used to fit simultaneously all available optical experimental databases including neutron strength functions for nucleon scattering on $^{232}$Th, $^{233,235,238}$U and $^{239}$Pu nuclei and quasi-elastic ($p$,$n$) scattering data on $^{232}$Th and $^{238}$U. Lane consistent OMP is derived for all actinides if corresponding multi-band coupling schemes are defined. Calculations using the derived OMP potential reproduce measured total cross-section differences between several actinide pairs within experimental uncertainty for incident neutron energies from 50 keV up to 150MeV. Multi-band coupling is stronger in even-even targets due to the collective nature of the coupling; the impact of extended coupling on predicted compound-nucleus formation cross section reaches 5% below 3 MeV of incident neutron energy. Coupling of ground-state rotational band levels in odd-$A$ nuclei is sufficient for a good description of the compound-nucleus formation cross sections as long as the coupling is saturated (a minimum of 7 coupled levels are typically needed).Comment: 30 pages, 4 figures, 8 tables, 3 appendice

The Black Creole Cuban Pig: origin, evolution and present status

The origin of the Cuban Creole Black pig is under a controversy, but the majority of authors locate their procedure in the ancient Spanish Iberian branches. Others hypothesis point out a possible influence of pre-hispanic Black Canarian pig, and also the early influence of Duroc and Hampshire breeds. Coinciding with all the Cuban farming development, this breed increase greatly their census from the beginning of the colonisation to the first half of the XVIIIth century, when their decreasing started as a consequence of the big expansion of tobacco and sugar Cain agriculture. In the present century this breed was in risk of extinction because the competence of improved foreign breeds, but presently this bred has gain god perspectives, because her role in the Cuban sustainable development.El origen del Cerdo Negro Criollo Cubano sigue siendo discutido, aunque la mayoría de los autores atribuyen su procedencia de los antiguos troncos ibéricos de España. Otras hipótesis plantean una posible influencia de los cerdos canarios prehispánicos e incluso el aporte reciente de sangre de las razas Duroc y Hampshire. Esta raza, coincidiendo con todo el desarrollo ganadero cubano, incrementó enormemente sus censos desde el inicio de la colonización hasta la primera mitad del siglo XVIII donde comenzó su declive a consecuencia de la gran expansión de la explotación tabacalera y de la caña de azúcar. En el presente siglo ha peligrado su conservación por la competencia de las razas selectas extranjeras aunque en la actualidad presenta unas excelentes perspectivas de recuperación dentro del desarrollo sostenible de Cuba

Extern characterisation of iberian pig varieties based in cualitative variables

We are presenting a study of the external charcaterization of nine varieties of the Iberian pig based on seven cualitative external characteritics. We have used a sample of 566 adult individuals (515 females and 51 males) belonging to 28 different farm of the Iberian Pig Breed. The results of the non parametric ANOVA, the canonical discriminant analysis and Mahalanobis distancing have confirmed a clear differentiation among varieties, resulting the Torbiscal and Manchado de Jabugo varieties as the most distanced.Se realiza un estudio de caracterización exteriorista de las distintas variedades del cerdo Ibérico utilizando una muestra formada por un total de 566 individuos (515 hembras y 51 machos) pertenecientes a nueve variedades de la raza Ibérica. Para ello se analizan un total de siete variables cualitativas. Tanto los resultados del análisis de la varianza no paramétrico, el análisis discriminante canónico, como las distancias de Mahanalobis, nos confirman una clara diferenciación de todas las variedades de la raza basada en dichas variables, quedando el Torbiscal y el Manchado de Jabugo como las variedades más destacadas

Reproductive performance of a crossbreed of Cuban Creole boar with Duroc-Hampshire females

We describe in this paper the reproductive performance of Cuban Creole x (Duroc x Hampshire) cross-breed pigs. This cross-breeding system is presently under investigation for the reproductive improvement of mountain areas. Ours results have shown as these cross-breed population maintain good levels in the relation partution/fertilisation (82.74 percent) with respect to the employed pure breeds exploited in the same conditions. Litter size, birth weight, number of weaned, piglets and weaning weight were similar to the means reached by the exotic breeds, while the birth weight and the mean weaning weight were lower. In a general way, this crossbreeding can be considered as improver in Cuban mountain areas, pointing out the use of native genetic resources in its production.En este trabajo se describe el comportamiento reproductivo del cruzamiento entre cerdos Criollos Cubanos como línea paterna y hembras cruzadas Duroc x Hampshire. Esta pauta se encuentra en fase de investigación en Cuba para la mejora productiva de las áreas de montaña. Nuestros resultados han encontrado como este cruce se mantiene en unos niveles (82,74 p.100) para la relación parto/cubriciones frente a las razas puras intensamente explotadas en el mismo medio. El tamaño de la camada, el peso al nacimiento, el número de crías destetadas y el peso al destete, fueron similares a las medias de las razas exóticas, mientras que el peso al nacimiento y el peso promedio al destete fueron inferiores. En general este cruce puede considerarse mejorante para las condiciones de montaña, destacando la utilización de recursos genéticos autóctonos en su producción

Cuban creole pig in Bayamo jurisdiction

The former jurisdiction of Bayamo, as political colonial division began its way in the century XVI, after its foundation in 1513 as the second Cuban village. Currently the Bayamo village is integrated by 15 local districts, an extension of 835.12 km2 and a population 68690 inhabitants. In spite of have elapsed more than 470 years from the arrival of the first pigs from Spain, this region has maintained 6176 breeders of this native pig breed as direct descendant of the Mediterranean pigs. In this work is presented the racial, ecological and human factors, that they have permitted the maintenance of this population with origin in the Iberian pig.La antigua jurisdicción de Bayamo, como división política de la colonia comenzó su andadura en el siglo XVI, tras su fundación en 1513 como la segunda villa de Cuba. Actualmente el municipio de Bayamo lo integran 15 consejos populares, una superficie de 835,12 km2 y una población de 68690 habitantes. A pesar de haber transcurrido más de 470 años desde la llegada de los primeros cerdos desde España, esta región ha mantenido 6176 reproductores de la raza cerdo Criollo como descendiente directo de los cerdos mediterráneos. En este trabajo se presenta los factores racial, ecológico y humano, que han permitido la perdurabilidad de esta raza descendiente del cerdo Ibérico

Web page of Spanish Society to Animal Genetic Resources (SERGA): justification and description

In the present paper the web page of SERGA is described as a structure of permanent information among members and divulgation of the society’s activities out of our subject. After a slight justification the different option of the page are described where we have to stand out the database of the Spanish breeds, the historical photographic archive the biblioteque, and the links with other web address, and another minor functionality. This paper finish presenting the proposal for the web future.En este trabajo se describe la página web de SERGA, como estructura de información permanente entre los asociados y de divulgación de actividades fuera de nuestro ámbito. Tras una sucinta justificación se describen las distintas opciones de la página en las que destacan las bases de datos sobre las razas españolas, el archivo fotográfico histórico, la biblioteca y las conexiones con otras paginas además de algunas otras funciones menores. Finalmente presentamos nuestras propuestas de futuro

Productive characterisation in iberian pig varieties. I: preliminar study of grow and weight in premontanera and montanera periods

The productive behaviour of seven varieties belonging to the Iberian Pig Breed and three crosses F1 among them have been studied with a view of the preliminary productive characterisation of the breed. 1159 animals have been used, all of then castrated males with similar age. Six quantitative variables refereed to weight and growing concerning the prenatural feeding (premontanera) and natural feeding (montanera) periods were analysed. From our results we have concluded a mean weight of beginning of prenatural-feeding period near 53 kg, a mean weight of beginning of naturalfeeding period of 116 kg and a slaughter weight around 164 kg. The mean daily gain oscillated between 337 grams/day for the beginning of prenatural-feeding period and 586 for the beginning of natural-feeding period. The mean carcass yield was 83.37 p.100. We have to stand out the significative differences found among all the studies varieties for the studied variables, confirming the big genetic variability present in the breed and the existence of clear specialisation of the varieties. In the prenatural-feeding period the Lampiño variety stand out clearly of the other, while in the natural feeding period is the Torbiscal variety which shown the best behaviour.Se estudia el comportamiento de siete variedades del cerdo Ibérico y tres cruces F1 entre variedades con vistas a la caracterización productiva preliminar de la raza. Para ello se utilizaron 1159 animales, todos ellos machos castrados y de edades similares, donde se analizaron seis variables cuantitativas referidas a pesos y crecimientos en los periodos de premontanera y montanera. De los resultados obtenidos concluimos un peso de entrada a la premontanera medio en la raza próximo a los 53 kg, un peso a la entrada en montanera en torno a 116 kg y un peso de matanza alrededor de 164 kg. Las ganancias medias diarias oscilaron entre 337 g/día para el periodo de premontanera hasta 586 g/día de media en el periodo de montanera. El rendimiento a la canal medio fue del 83,37 p.100. Por otra parte, señalamos las diferencias altamente significativas entre las variedades para todas las variables estudiadas lo que confirma la gran variabilidad genética presente en la raza y la existencia de claras especializaciones productivas de las distintas variedades. En el periodo premontanera destaca claramente la variedad Lampiño frente al resto de variedades mientras que en el periodo de montanera es la variedad Torbiscal la que muestra un comportamiento superior