A contribuição do farmacêutico para a promoção do acesso e uso racional de medicamentos essenciais no SUS

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever o processo da inserção do farmacêutico na equipe de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde e os resultados na promoção do acesso e uso racional de medicamentos. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, transversal, realizado em unidade de atenção primária do município de São Paulo. As atividades do farmacêutico foram avaliadas em relação à estruturação e organização do serviço, melhoria do padrão de prescrição médica, elaboração de método de orientação e implantação de serviços farmacêuticos clínicos. A análise estatística foi realizada empregando o teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson, com nível de significância de 5%, e o ODDs Ratio, quando comparados os períodos anterior e posterior à intervenções e resultados entre os anos de 2010 e 2011. A atuação do farmacêutico apresentou resultados estatisticamente significativos na redução da falta de medicamentos; melhora da qualidade da prescrição (com aumento do número de prescrições atendidas); redução do número de medicamentos prescritos entre os pacientes em seguimento farmacoterapêutico; e, comparando-se os anos 2010 e 2011, as recomendações de mudanças na farmacoterapia passaram a ter maior nível de aceitação. O farmacêutico contribuiu efetivamente para o acesso e a promoção do uso racional de medicamentos

Pooled analysis of who surgical safety checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods: In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results: Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89⋅6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60⋅6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0⋅17, 95 per cent c.i. 0⋅14 to 0⋅21, P < 0⋅001) or low (363 of 860, 42⋅2 percent; OR 0⋅08, 0⋅07 to 0⋅10, P < 0⋅001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference −9⋅4 (95 per cent c.i. −11⋅9 to −6⋅9) per cent; P < 0⋅001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+12⋅1 (+7⋅0 to +17⋅3) per cent; P < 0⋅001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0⋅60, 0⋅50 to 0⋅73; P < 0⋅001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low-and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion: Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone

Distribuição espacial de queimadas e mortalidade em idosos em região da Amazônia Brasileira, 2001 – 2012

Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Manaus, AM, BrasilUniversidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Física. São Paulo, SP, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Departamento de Endemias Samuel Pessoa. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilAs queimadas exercem relevante impacto sobre o ecossistema amazônico na estação seca com as emissões de poluentes atmosféricos. Os efeitos sobre a saúde das populações, principalmente na região do arco do desmatamento, tem sido objeto de recentes estudos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a distribuição espacial dos focos de queimadas e da mortalidade por doenças respiratórias e cardiovasculares em idosos, no Estado de Rondônia, no período de 2001 a 2012. Os dados de mortalidade foram obtidos por meio do Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade, do Ministério da Saúde. Dados de focos de queimadas foram disponibilizados pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais. Utilizou-se o estimador de Kernel. As maiores taxas de mortalidade foram observadas no centro-leste e sudeste de Rondônia. Os focos de queimadas concentraram-se na porção norte do estado, mas com quantidade relevante em outras regiões. As distribuições espaciais das áreas quentes de taxa de mortalidade e de queimadas não se mostraram diretamente associadas. Entretanto, as queimadas foram observadas em todos os municípios do estado. Os poluentes emitidos na queima podem ser transportados por milhares de quilômetros das áreas de origem e influenciar a saúde de idosos.The burning of biomass has a significant impact on the Amazon ecosystem in the dry season due to the emissions of air pollutants. The effects on the health of the population, especially in the region of the arc of deforestation, has been the subject of recent studies. The scope of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of biomass burning and mortality from respiratory and cardiovascular diseases among the elderly in the state of Rondônia in the period from 2001 to 2012. Mortality data were obtained through the Mortality Information System of the Ministry of Health. Biomass burning data were provided by the National Institute for Space Research. The Kernel estimator was used. The highest mortality rates were observed in the central-east and south-east of Rondônia. The focuses of the fires were concentrated in the northern part of the state, though with a significant amount in other regions. The spatial distribution of the hot areas of mortality and fires were not directly associated. However, fires were observed in all municipalities in the state. Pollutants emitted from biomass burning can be transported thousands of kilometers from the source areas and influence the health of the elderly

Updated results of the MINDACT trial: 70-gene signature to guide de-escalation of chemotherapy in early breast cancer

SCOPUS: ar.jDecretOANoAutActifinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

O vínculo na atenção à saúde: revisão sistematizada na literatura, Brasil (1998-2007) El vínculo en la atención a la salud: revisión sistematizada en la literatura, Brasil (1998-2007) Bond in health care: a systematic review of literature in Brazil (1998-2007)

O objetivo do estudo foi levantar produções científicas brasileiras que se relacionavam à dimensão vínculo na atenção primária à saúde. O estudo abrangeu o período de 1998 a 2007, a partir das bases de dados LILACS e SciELO por meio das palavras-chave: atenção primária à saúde, acolhimento, tuberculose (indexados), vínculo, adesão, saúde, atenção básica, longitudinalidade e abandono (não indexados). Foram selecionadas 50 produções que posteriormente foram categorizadas. Os achados mostraram que houve um interesse maior pela temática após o ano de 2004, predominando publicações em periódicos que valorizam a saúde coletiva e estudos que se inserem no nível primário de atenção. Entende-se que o vínculo é fator importante para a atenção à saúde e tende a melhorar o conhecimento dos reais problemas da população atendida pelos serviços, além de facilitar o relacionamento dos usuários com os profissionais que os atendem.<br>El objetivo del estudio fue levantar producciones científicas brasileñas que se relacionaban con la dimensión vínculo en la atención primaria a la salud. El estudio abarcó el período de 1998 a 2007, a partir de las bases de datos LILACS y SciELO por medio de las palabras clave: atención primaria a la salud, acogimiento, tuberculosis (indexados), vínculo, adhesión, salud, atención básica, longitudinal y abandono (no indexados). Fueron seleccionadas 50 producciones que posteriormente fueron categorizadas. Los hallazgos mostraron que hubo un interés mayor por la temática después del año de 2004, predominando publicaciones en periódicos que valorizan la salud colectiva y estudios que se sitúan en el nivel primario de atención. Se entiende que el vínculo es un factor importante para la atención a la salud y tiende a mejorar el conocimiento de los reales problemas de la población atendida por los servicios, además de facilitar la relación de los usuarios con los profesionales que los atienden.<br>OBJECTIVE: To review the Brazilian scientific literature on bond in health care. METHODS: The review was limited to the period from 1998 to 2007. A literature search was conducted in the LILACS and SciELO databases using the following key words: primary health care, acceptance, tuberculosis (indexed), bond, adhesion, health, basic care, continuity, and abandon (not indexed). Initially 50 publications were selected and categorized. RESULTS: The findings suggest a greater interest on the topic after 2004. There was a predominance of publications on primary health care in journals that value community health. CONCLUSIONS: Bond was found to be an important factor in primary health care and led to better understanding of the real problems of the population receiving care in those services. In addition, bond facilitated the interactions between clients and health care professionals

Mediators and mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell death in type 1 diabetes

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by severe insulin deficiency resulting from chronic and progressive destruction of pancreatic beta-cells by the immune system. The triggering of autoimmunity against the beta-cells is probably caused by environmental agent(s) acting in the context of a predisposing genetic background. Once activated, the immune cells invade the islets and mediate their deleterious effects on beta-cells via mechanisms such as Fas/FasL, perforin/granzyme, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Binding of cytokines to their receptors on the beta-cells activates MAP-kinases and the transcription factors STAT-1 and NFkappa-B, provoking functional impairment, endoplasmic reticulum stress and ultimately apoptosis. This review discusses the potential mediators and mechanisms leading to beta-cell destruction in T1D.Journal ArticleResearch Support, Non-U.S. Gov'tReviewinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe