Creación y puesta en marcha de Createch S.A.S., empresa dedicada al diseño, fabricación y comercialización de prendas de vestir en Dénim de diseñador en Bogotá, D.C.

Ingeniero (a) IndustrialPregrad

Efectos de la acreditación de alta calidad en el valor agregado de la educación superior

En este artículo se evalúa el efecto causal que tienen la acreditación institucional y de programas de pregrado en el valor agregado de la educación superior. Para hallar este efecto, se usa la metodología de diferencias en diferencias y se emplean varias bases de datos administrativas i) resultados de las pruebas de Estado SABER PRO (2012-2015) y SABER 11 del Instituto Colombiano para la Evaluación de la Educación (ICFES), ii) información histórica de acreditaciones de universidades y programas proveniente del Consejo Nacional de Acreditación (CNA). Los resultados obtenidos muestran que estudiantes de universidades acreditadas tienen en promedio 0.17 desviaciones estándar más de valor agregado en los exámenes de Estado comparado con los estudiantes de universidades no acreditadas. Además, el efecto de la acreditación de programas de pregrado es de 0.06 desviaciones estándar en universidades acreditadas y no significativo en universidades sin acreditación.ICFESThis article assesses the causal effect of institutional accreditation and undergraduate programs accreditation on the value added of higher education. To find this effect, it’s used the difference in differences methodology and several administrative data bases i) results of State exams SABER PRO (2012-2015) and SABER 11 by Colombian Institute for the Evaluation of Education (ICFES), ii) historical information about accreditation of universities and programs by National Accreditation Council (CNA). The results obtained show that students of accreditation universities have on average 0.17 standard deviation more value added in the State exams than the students of non-accredited universities. Furthermore, the effect of accreditation of undergraduate programs is 0.06 standard deviation in accredited universities and not significant in universities without accreditation.Magíster en EconomíaMaestrí

Tablas de contingencia para la enseñanza del concepto de asociación entre variables aleatorias cualitativas

Este trabajo presenta una propuesta didáctica que pretende facilitar a los estudiantes de grado once del Colegio Saludcoop Sur I.E.D, la construcción del concepto de asociación estadística entre variables cualitativas en tablas de contingencias 2X2; y por otra parte ayudarles en el análisis de las diferentes probabilidades que pueden ser calculadas a partir de frecuencias absolutas, y marginales por filas o por columnas. La propuesta incluye el diseño de objetos virtuales de aprendizaje y un modelo geométrico que permite calcular las probabilidades esperadas de eventos estadísticamente independientes.Abstract. This work presents a didactic proposal that aims to facilitate to then students of the eleventh grade at Colegio Saludcoop Sur I.E.D, the construction of the concept of statistical association between qualitative variables in tables of contingencies 2X2; on the other hand to help them in the analysis of the different probabilities that can be calculated from absolute frequencies and marginal, frequencies by rows or by columns. The proposal includes the design of virtual objects of learning and a geometric model that allows to calculate the expected probabilities of events statistically independent.Maestrí

Environmental shaping of codon usage and functional adaptation across microbial communities.

Microbial communities represent the largest portion of the Earth's biomass. Metagenomics projects use high-throughput sequencing to survey these communities and shed light on genetic capabilities that enable microbes to inhabit every corner of the biosphere. Metagenome studies are generally based on (i) classifying and ranking functions of identified genes; and (ii) estimating the phyletic distribution of constituent microbial species. To understand microbial communities at the systems level, it is necessary to extend these studies beyond the species' boundaries and capture higher levels of metabolic complexity. We evaluated 11 metagenome samples and demonstrated that microbes inhabiting the same ecological niche share common preferences for synonymous codons, regardless of their phylogeny. By exploring concepts of translational optimization through codon usage adaptation, we demonstrated that community-wide bias in codon usage can be used as a prediction tool for lifestyle-specific genes across the entire microbial community, effectively considering microbial communities as meta-genomes. These findings set up a 'functional metagenomics' platform for the identification of genes relevant for adaptations of entire microbial communities to environments. Our results provide valuable arguments in defining the concept of microbial species through the context of their interactions within the community

Banco de pruebas con control inalámbrico para inyectores de gasolina

Currently, the market for new vehicles in Colombia, particularly in its capital, shows that about 70% is multipoint electronic injection, evidencing the high demand for the injector cleaning service. To this is added the regulations of 2002 that requires the technical and mechanical revision of vehicles conducive to guarantee the operation and emissions within the permissible limits. Therefore, this article describes the design and development of an electromechanical prototype focused on the evaluation and cleaning of injectors in gasoline vehicles. The design obtained from the structural and electronic point of view simulates variables that condition a vehicle in operation: pressure and electrical injection pulses. For the evaluation of the injector tests of: drip, spray and injection flow were used. The results obtained diagnose the spraying and injection flow tests taking as a reference the measurement of the liquid deposited in the measuring pipes.Actualmente, el mercado de vehículos nuevos en Colombia, particularmente en Bogotá su capital, muestra que cerca del 70% es de inyección electrónica multipunto evidenciándose así una alta demanda del servicio de limpieza de inyectores. A lo anterior se adiciona la vigencia de la normatividad de 2002 que obliga a la revisión tecnicomecánica de vehículos, conducente a garantizar el funcionamiento y emisiones dentro de los límites admisibles. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo expone el diseño y desarrollo de un prototipo electromecánico enfocado a la evaluación y limpieza de inyectores en vehículos a gasolina. El dispositivo obtenido, desde el punto de vista estructural y electrónico, simula variables que condicionan un vehículo en funcionamiento: la presión y los pulsos eléctricos de inyección. Para la evaluación del inyector se usaron pruebas de goteo, pulverización y flujo de inyección. Los resultados obtenidos diagnostican eficazmente – con un error alrededor de ± 1,5ml - las pruebas de pulverización y flujo de inyección, teniendo como referencia la medida del líquido depositado en los tubos de medición

Disentangling the complexity of the rumen microbial diversity through fractionation using a sucrose density gradient

The ruminal microbial community is an important element in health, nutrition, livestock productivity, and climate impact. Despite the historic and current efforts to characterize this microbial diversity, many of its members remain unidentified, making it challenging to associate microbial groups with functions. Here we present a low-cost methodology for rumen sample treatment that separates the microbial community based on cell size, allowing for the identification of subtle compositional changes. In brief, the sample is centrifuged through a series of sucrose density gradients, and cells migrate to their corresponding density fraction. From each fraction, DNA is extracted an

Functional and phylogenetic characterization of bacteria in bovine rumen using fractionation of ruminal fluid

Cattle productivity depends on our ability to fully understand and manipulate the fermentation process of plant material that occurs in the bovine rumen, which ultimately leads to the improvement of animal health and increased productivity with a reduction in environmental impact. An essential step in this direction is the phylogenetic and functional characterization of the microbial species composing the ruminal microbiota. To address this challenge, we separated a ruminal fluid sample by size and density using a sucrose density gradient. We used the full sample and the smallest fraction (5%), allowing the enrichment of bacteria, to assemble metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). We obtained a total of 16 bacterial genomes, 15 of these enriched in the smallest fraction of the gradient. According to the recently proposed Genome Taxonomy Database (GTDB) taxonomy, these MAGs belong to Bacteroidota, Firmicutes_A, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Spirochaetota phyla. Fifteen MAGs were novel at the species level and four at the genus level. The functional characterization of these MAGs suggests differences from what is currently known from the genomic potential of well-characterized members from this complex environment. Species of the phyla Bacteroidota and Spirochaetota show the potential for hydrolysis of complex polysaccharides in the plant cell wall and toward the production of B-complex vitamins and protein degradation in the rumen. Conversely, the MAGs belonging to Firmicutes and Alphaproteobacteria showed a reduction in several metabolic pathways; however, they have genes for lactate fermentation and the presence of hydrolases and esterases related to chitin degradation. Our results demonstrate that the separation of the rumen microbial community by size and density reduced the complexity of the ruminal fluid sample and enriched some poorly characterized ruminal bacteria allowing exploration of their genomic potential and their functional role in the rumen ecosystem

The Chimeric Genome of Sphaerochaeta: Nonspiral Spirochetes That Break with the Prevalent Dogma in Spirochete Biology

Spirochaetes is one of a few bacterial phyla that are characterized by a unifying diagnostic feature, namely, the helical morphology and motility conferred by axial periplasmic flagella. Their unique morphology and mode of propulsion also represent major pathogenicity factors of clinical spirochetes. Here we describe the genome sequences of two coccoid isolates of the recently described genus Sphaerochaeta which are members of the phylum Spirochaetes based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome phylogenies. Interestingly, the Sphaerochaeta genomes completely lack the motility and associated signal transduction genes present in all sequenced spirochete genomes. Additional analyses revealed that the lack of flagella is associated with a unique, nonrigid cell wall structure hallmarked by a lack of transpeptidase and transglycosylase genes, which is also unprecedented in spirochetes. The Sphaerochaeta genomes are highly enriched in fermentation and carbohydrate metabolism genes relative to other spirochetes, indicating a fermentative lifestyle. Remarkably, most of the enriched genes appear to have been acquired from nonspirochetes, particularly clostridia, in several massive horizontal gene transfer events (>40% of the total number of genes in each genome). Such a high level of direct interphylum genetic exchange is extremely rare among mesophilic organisms and has important implications for the assembly of the prokaryotic tree of life

Las mermas y su impacto en la gestión de inventarios de tiendas Justo & Bueno.

En este estudio se presentan las diferentes teorías y definiciones de merma donde se comparan y establecen las causas de las pérdidas económicas relacionadas con las mermas de inventarios en las tiendas Justo & Bueno. Se examinan y categorizan las causas puntuales de mermas con énfasis en los robos y errores logísticos. Se realizan análisis de los resultados de inventarios en dos tiendas de Justo & Bueno durante los meses de mayo, junio y julio de 2019 como experimento parecidas en varios indicadores con la diferencia de que una tienda queda en el sur y la otra en el norte de Bogotá, Colombia.Introducción ; Estado del arte ; Desarrollo ; Marco teórico ; Métodos de análisis de datos ; Implementación de mejores prácticas ; Metodología ; Analítica ; Diagramas ; Análisis de inventarios ; Análisis de resultados ; Conclusión.Magíster en Administración de Empresas, CESA.Maestrí