Las tecnologías para la producción de textos en educación básica

The objective of this article was to carry out a systematic review of empirical studies to determine how ICT use improves text production in basic education students. Scientific articles were searched in the Scopus, Scielo, Eric, Redalyc and Academyc Search Complete databases. As selection criterion, it considered the researches that present results of interventions implemented with ICT to improve text production, regardless of their gender or language, published during the period 2015-2020; articles with intervention in samples of basic education students or whose ages correspond from five to eighteen years old, and studies where their participants do not have any special educational need or were gifted. The selected articles were organized in structured tables for the purpose of this study. It stands out as a result that digital software and platforms were most commonly used for interventions that seek to improve writing. Finally, it was concluded that ICT significantly improve the writing performance of basic education students.El objetivo de este artículo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de estudios empíricos que permitan determinar cómo el uso de las tecnologías mejora la producción de textos en estudiantes de educación básica. Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos Scopus, Scielo, Eric, Redalyc y Academyc Search Complete. Como criterio de selección se consideró las investigaciones que presenten resultados de intervenciones implementadas con tecnologías para mejorar la producción de textos, independiente de su género o idioma, publicados durante el periodo 2015-2020; artículos con intervención en muestras de estudiantes de educación básica o cuyas edades correspondan desde los cinco a dieciocho años, y estudios donde sus participantes no posean alguna necesidad educativa especial o sean superdotados. Los artículos seleccionados se organizaron en tablas estructuradas para el propósito de este estudio. Se destaca como resultado que los softwares y plataformas digitales fueron de mayor uso para las intervenciones que buscan mejorar la escritura. Finalmente, se concluyó que las tecnologías mejoran significativamente el rendimiento en la escritura de los estudiantes de educación básica

Acompañamiento pedagógico y desempeño docente en la educación básica de América Latina, 2024

La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el efecto del acompañamiento pedagógico sobre el desempeño docente de Educación Básica de América Latina, entre los años 2019-2023, con el que se aportó al ODS 4: Educación de calidad. Para alcanzar lo propuesto se desarrolló el trabajo de revisión de tipo básica, con enfoque cualitativo, diseño no experimental y de corte transversal. La población lo conformó 20 trabajos de investigación publicados entre los años 2019 – 2023, seleccionados de fuentes confiables y revistas indexadas, bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión, cuyos aportes fueron analizados comparativamente a través de tablas estructuradas según los criterios de interés para el estudio. Entre los resultados se destaca que el 70% de las investigaciones indicó que el acompañamiento pedagógico influye en las dimensiones preparación para el aprendizaje y enseñanza para el aprendizaje, concluyendo que el acompañamiento pedagógico mejora en el desempeño docente en la Educación Básica de América Latina

Proximal causes of genetic variation between and within populations of raulí (Nothofagus nervosa)

Random Amplifi ed Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of 587 individuals, belonging to 22 populations of Nothofagus nervosa that were distributed through the Coastal (38°S to 41°S) and Andes Mountains in Central- Southern Chile (36°S to 40°S). The objective of this study was to complement the genetic inferences previously determined by isozyme analysis, in order to obtain more accurate genetic diversity estimations. We scored 81.8% of the polymorphic loci of the samples tested. The average incidence of genetic polymorphism within populations was high, with values ranging between 33% and 63%. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed most of the genetic variation was distributed within populations (87.6%), but FST values (FST = 0.124; p < 0.00001) indicated that there was also a signifi cant difference among populations. A discriminant analysis revealed three geographically defi ned groups and showed that 14 loci explained 87.2% of the genetic differentiation among N. nervosa populations. Watterson’s neutrality test and Ohta’s two-locus analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) both suggested that stochastic demographic and environmental factors can partially explain the loci variation observed in the RAPDs. The role of the last glaciations, as well as some conservation and breeding strategies, may have infl uenced current genetic variation and fragmentation in this species.Se evaluó la diversidad genética de 587 individuos pertenecientes a 22 poblaciones naturales de raulí (Nothofagus nervosa), distribuidas a lo largo de la Cordillera de la Costa (38°S to 41°S) y en la zona centro sur de Chile a través de la Cordillera de los Andes (36°S to 40°S). El objetivo de este estudio fue complementar las inferencias genéticas previamente determinada por isoenzimas, para obtener estimaciones mas adecuadas de la diversidad genética. A partir de las 33 bandas RAPD analizadas se observó un promedio de 88,1% de loci polimórfi cos con valores que fl uctuaron entre 33% y 63%. El análisis análisis de varianza molecular (AMOVA) reveló que la mayor proporción de la variación genética se encuentra distribuída dentro de las poblaciones estudiadas (87,6%). Sin embargo, el valor de FST (FST = 0.124; p < 0.00001) indicó que hay una signifi cativa diferenciación entre poblaciones. El análisis discriminante mostró la existencia de tres grupos geográfi cos defi nidos con 14 loci explicando el 87,2% de la diferenciación genética entre poblaciones. La prueba de neutralidad de Watterson y el análisis de desequilibrio de ligamiento (LD) de Ohta sugieren que la variación detectada podría ser explicada en parte por factores estocásticos demográfi cos y ambientales. El rol de las últimas glaciaciones así como algunas medidas de conservación y mejoramiento es discutido

In vitro propagation of Gaultheria pumila (L.f.) D.J. Middleton (Ericaceae), a Chilean native berry with commercial potential

A micropropagation protocol for G. pumila was developed. Young shoots were collected during the growing season (October to December 2016) from a wild population in the Villarrica Volcano area in the Araucanía Region of Chile. Nodal segments were used for in vitro initiation after testing several disinfection treatments with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. Disinfected explants were placed onto 100% WPM basal medium (WPM100) supplemented with a range of concentrations of 2-iP (2-isopentenyladenine) to evaluate the best regeneration media during in vitro culture. Disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite for 40 minutes, followed by a second disinfection with 2% sodium hypochlorite for 25 minutes, and cultivation on MS basal medium supplemented with 2 mg L-1 2-iP gave the highest efficiency of disinfected plants. In the propagation stage, the highest multiplication rates were obtained when 1 mg L-1 zeatin was added to the basal WPM100 medium. In vitro rooting and preacclimation were better when elongated plants were cultivated on WPM100 supplemented with 3 mg L-1 naphthalene acetic acid. This in vitro protocol could be used to propagate genotypes of this Chilean native species and is also an important tool toward its domestication and commercial use

Programa de capacitación para mejorar las capacidades empresariales en los docentes de educación para el trabajo de la Ugel el Porvenir

La finalidad del presente trabajo de investigación se ha centrado en la aplicación del programa de capacitación para determinar si mejora las capacidades empresariales de gestión de proyectos empresariales, a través de sesiones de aprendizaje activas, de los docentes del área de Educación para el trabajo de la UGEL El Porvenir en el año 2020. La población estuvo conformada por 90 profesores de dicha área, y nuestra muestra fue de 22 profesores. La presente investigación es de tipo aplicada, y el diseño de investigación empleado fue pre experimental con pre y post-test aplicado a un grupo, se utilizó el método analítico – sintético e inductivo-deductivo. Durante la aplicación del programa, se desarrollaron sesiones de capacitación conteniendo diferentes estrategias para mejorar las capacidades empresariales, es así que se determinó que el Programa de capacitación mejora las capacidades empresariales sobre desarrollo de proyectos empresariales en sus dimensiones de: planificación de proyectos, ejecución de proyectos y evaluación de proyectos; ya que al comparar las puntuaciones antes y después de la aplicación del Programa de capacitación, se determinó una mejora porcentual positiva, ya que el 90.91% alcanzaron un nivel aprobado y solo el 9.09% un nivel aprobado con observaciones.Tesi

Breeding in peach, cherry and plum: From a tissue culture, genetic, transcriptomic and genomic perspective

This review is an overview of traditional and modern breeding methodologies being used to develop new Prunus cultivars (stone fruits) with major emphasis on peach, sweet cherry and Japanese plum. To this end, common breeding tools used to produce seedlings, including in vitro culture tools, are discussed. Additionally, the mechanisms of inheritance of many important agronomical traits are described. Recent advances in stone fruit transcriptomics and genomic resources are providing an understanding of the molecular basis of phenotypic variability as well as the identifi cation of allelic variants and molecular markers. These have potential applications for understanding the genetic diversity of the Prunus species, molecular marker-assisted selection and transgenesis. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) and Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) molecular markers are described as useful tools to describe genetic diversity in peach, sweet cherry and Japanese plum. Additionally, the recently sequenced peach genome and the public release of the sweet cherry genome are discussed in terms of their applicability to breeding programs

Genetic characterization of Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina) using SSR and ISSR molecular markers

The genetic characterization of 29 elite Japanese plum cultivars (Prunus salicina) and 4 Prunus cultivars was carried out by analyzing 97 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) alleles and 232 binary Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) loci. A high level of genetic variability was found for these two molecular markers among the Japanese plum cultivars compared to other Prunus species. On average, the variability found by analyzing the SSR alleles were Na = 12.1, Ne = 5.2, Ho = 0.9, He = 0.8 and F= -0.127, whereas ISSR yielded values of h = 0.15 and I = 0.27. The genetic relationship among cultivars was estimated with Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCA) and a Bayesian clustering approach using the software program Structure. This program identified two subgroups (k=2). The first group included cultivars of four Prunus species: P. salicina, P. armeniaca, P. domestica and P. ceracifera, whose memberships ranged between 0.74 and 1.0. The second group included 19 Japanese plum cultivars and one plumcot cultivar, with memberships between 0.57 and 0.99. With some exceptions, similar relationships among cultivars were foundPCA. The level of genetic differentiation between two groups was low (Gst =0.055 and ST =0.04), and a low level of linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed for all allele combinations. These results suggest that the high level of genetic variability, the low level of LD and the scarce degree of differentiation detected by Structure between the two genetic groups can be explained by the self-incompatibility mechanism that favors the exchange between genetically distant Prunus cultivars and by the intra- and interspecific hybridization strategies frequently used in plum breeding programs

In vitro culture of Luma chequen from vegetative buds

Luma chequen, a small tree or large shrub belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is endemic to South America and has medicinal, nutritional and ornamental potential. However, its native habitat is deteriorating gradually, and it is suffering from the effects of fragmentation that is being caused by the conversion of forest land to agricultural land and the natural expansion of monocultural plantations of exotic species, such as Pinus radiata. The purpose of this work is to develop an effective procedure for establishing in vitro cultures of the native Chilean species L. chequen. Aseptic nodal segments were evaluated after exposure to a disinfecting agent (1% solution of sodium hypochlorite) for different lengths of time. Murashige and Skoog (MS) or Woody Plant (WPM) culture media with 6-Bencilaminopurine (BAP) or 2-isopentenil adenine (2-iP) added to a concentration of 1 mg L-1 were evaluated. Although no significant differences were observed between cultures with and ithout additives, 40.43% of the explant cultures were successfully established. Furthermore, the choice of basal medium or the addition of plant growth regulators was not found to affect the shoot formation efficiency

Genetic diversity, polyphenolic composition and fruit quality trait phenotypic analyses of a Chilean heritage blood-flesh peach (Prunus persica L.)

This study reports the genetic diversity among Chilean heritage blood-flesh peaches and the characterization of phytochemicals and bioactive compounds present in these fruits. A genetic diversity analysis using 7,934 SNP markers was performed. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho=0.09) was very low in the 75 Chilean blood-flesh peach trees, whereas 14 commercial peach varieties had significantly higher levels of heterozygosity (Ho=0.32). Furthermore, the blood-flesh peach lines were genetically similar, and all of these lines were genetically different from the commercial varieties. A comparative analysis was carried out between the epicarp and mesocarp of the peach fruits. Fruit quality parameters were evaluated at harvest (weight, size, firmness and soluble solids), and concentrations of total polyphenols, anthocyanins, carotenoids, as were macro (P, K, Ca, Mg) and microelements (Fe, Zn, Mn, B, Cu). These analyses showed that blood-flesh peaches have high concentrations of anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-glucoside (C3G) and cyanidin-3-rutinoside (C3R)) when compared to commercial varieties with white or yellow mesocarps. A comparison was performed among Chinese, French and Chilean varieties, with similar values found for the antioxidant compounds. No significant differences in the microand macroelement contents were detected in these blood-flesh fruits compared to commercial varieties

An approach for micropropagation of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) plants mediated by temporary immersion bioreactors (TIBs)

A new procedure for blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) micropropagation in programmed Temporary Immersion Bioreactors (TIBs based on two separate bottles) was developed for the commercial genotypes Biloxi, Sharp Blue and Brillita. Plant cultures were developed in a controlled environment with 0.4 MPa CO2 enrichment, sucrose-reduced medium, and light intensity of 60 M m−2 ·s−1. Principal component analysis showed that component 1 (C1) grouped 64.08% of the total variability, while the first two components accounted for 86.97%. Representation of the principal components demonstrated three clusters corresponding with the blueberry genotypes, and within each cluster plants micropropagated in agar-base medium grouped separately from those plants multiplied in TIBs. Both plant number and total internodes traits (related to the productive efficiency) were demonstrated superior in blueberries propagated in TIBs. Additionally, when transferred to greenhouse conditions, blueberries propagated in TIBs showed higher adaptability and growing rates than those cultured by the conventional approach, altogether evidencing the occurrence of a photomixotrophic stage in the vitroplantlets cultured in TIBs