Organic production systems in Northern highbush blueberries

The production of highbush blueberries is increasing worldwide. Organic production of blueberries in Sweden is presently very limited but is expected to have a great potential to expand as the berries are popular and have a good shelf life. The fact that blueberries require acid soils raises several questions concerning suitable substrates in combination with mycorrhizal inoculation and fertilization in organic production systems. Field and pot experiments have been established during 2011 and 2012 with the aim of developing a sustainable production system for high quality organic blueberries. After the second experimental year, total fruit yields were similar for plants grown in a plastic tunnel and in the open field. Yields were not affected by the addition of 10% forest soil to the peat-based substrate. Inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi had little effect on shoot length in a greenhouse pot experiment. Blueberries may be particularly suitable for organic production as the need for fertilizers is low combined with a relatively low disease pressure on the blueberry crop in the Nordic countries. The Swedish blueberry production might be expected to expand in the near future. The development of a successful and resource-efficient growing system for organic blueberries may encourage new blueberry growers to chose organic production

A Novice's Process of Object-Oriented Programming

Exposing students to the process of programming is merely implied but not explicitly addressed in texts on programming which appear to deal with 'program' as a noun rather than as a verb.We present a set of principles and techniques as well as an informal but systematic process of decomposing a programming problem. Two examples are used to demonstrate the application of process and techniques.The process is a carefully down-scaled version of a full and rich software engineering process particularly suited for novices learning object-oriented programming. In using it, we hope to achieve two things: to help novice programmers learn faster and better while at the same time laying the foundation for a more thorough treatment of the aspects of software engineering

Novice teachers and how they cope

Teachers often describe their first teaching job following graduation as a shocking experience. This description raises several questions: Do novice teachers actually have a lower level of coping than experienced teachers? Are there factors in the work environment that make coping difficult for all teachers at a school? This paper compares the ability of novice and experienced teachers to cope with their work, and how this ability is affected by the level of collegial and superior support and collaboration offered. Although we find few differences between novice and experienced teachers’ coping level, these two groups of teachers do differ in terms of the levels of collegial and superior support and collaboration. In addition to receiving a lower level of professional support from their superiors, novice teachers generally lack ways to articulate their own needs to colleagues. The ability of novice teachers to cope with their work should be considered a collective responsibility in schools rather than the fate of the individual teacher. This paper is based on observations, interviews and survey data from Norwegian schools

REDESAIN KONTEN DAN PEDAGOGIK GENERIK MATERI REAKSI REDUKSI DAN OKSIDASI DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS

Hasil studi pendahuluan yang telah dilakukan terhadap guru mata pelajaran kimia di beberapa SMA di Kota Bandung memperlihatkan bahwa pembelajaran kimia materi reaksi redoks transfer elektron yang diterapkan dinilai belum sesuai dan memenuhi tuntutan silabus pada kurikulum yang berlaku sehingga diperlukan penataan kembali konten dan strategi pembelajaran yang sifatnya sistematis, terstruktur, dan general, yang diharapkan akan mempermudah peserta didik dalam memahami konsep dan prinsip materi reaksi redoks transfer elektron yang diajarkan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menganalisis konsep esensial pokok bahasan reaksi redoks transfer elektron pada enam silabus kurikulum yang berasal dari dalam dan luar negeri serta enam buku ajar yang mengacu pada kurikulum dalam dan luar negeri, analisis strategi pembelajaran pada dokumen rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran (RPP) yang berasal dari dalam dan luar negeri, dan analisis data kesulitan belajar peserta didik pada pokok bahasan reaksi redoks transfer elektron pada jurnal penelitian. Hasil analisis dari silabus dan buku ajar pokok bahasan reaksi redoks transfer elektron didapatkan tiga kategori konsep esensial diantaranya aplikasi, konsep inti, dan percobaan reaksi redoks. Strategi pembelajaran reaksi redoks transfer elektron yang bersifat generik adalah strategi pembelajaran yang menggunakan model pembelajaran kooperatif-inkuiri, pendekatan saintifik, serta metode praktikum dan diskusi. Uji keterlaksanaan strategi pembelajaran generik reaksi redoks transfer elektron dilakukan pada salah satu sekolah menengah atas di Jawa Barat. Berdasarkan hasil jawaban peserta didik pada LKS yang dikerjakan selama kegiatan pembelajaran, dapat disimpulkan bahwa desain strategi pembelajaran generik reaksi redoks transfer elektron dapat diterapkan pada peserta didik yang sebelumnya mendapatkan pembelajaran dengan strategi yang berbeda untuk topik bahasan yang sama.----------Results of preliminary studies have been done on the subject teachers of chemistry at several high schools in Bandung show that learning material chemical redox reactions of transfer electron is considered not suitable and meet the demands of the curriculum syllabus in force so that the necessary realignment and learning strategies in order to obtain a new systematically composition which are expected to facilities students in understanding the concepts and principles of redox reactions of electron transfer material being taught. Research carried out by analyzing the concept of the essential subject of redox reactions of electron transfer at six curriculum syllabus and six textbooks which refer to the national and international curriculum, analyzing of learning strategies from lesson plans, and learning difficulties of students fron research journals. Results of analysis of the syllabus and textbook subject to electron transfer redox reactions obtained three categories of essential concepts such applications, the core concepts, and experiment redox reactions. Learning strategies redox reactions of electron transfer is generic learning strategies using cooperative learning model-inquiry, scientific approach, as well as practical methods and discussions. Testing of generic learning strategies electron transfer redox reactions conducted at one of high school in West Java. Best on the answers of students in worksheet is done during the learning activities, it can be concluded that the design of generic learning strategies redox reactions of transfer electron can be applied to students who previously received learning with different strategies for the same topic