Una aplicación del análisis de la imagen a la determinación del grado de cobertura de los tejidos de calada.

Sobre 23 tejidos de calada de diversas composiciones con predominio del poliéster y la lana se han comparado los resultados de distintos parámetros propuestos para representar el grado de tupidez o factor de cobertura (Galcerán, Eurotex, Grosberg y Seyam) con los resultados obtenidos aplicados a dicho concepto las técnicas del análisis de la imagen. Las medidas se refieren a los tejidos en sus distintos estadios de manufactura, desde el telar hasta el acabado. Por lo general, el análisis de la imagen proporciona indices más elevados que los parámetros especulativos propuestos y las correlaciones observadas no sobrepasan valores cercanos a 0,80. Por otra parte, el análisis de la imagen es el único procedimiento que suministra distribuciones estadísticas coherentes para el factor de cobertura. La distribución que ajusta mejor a los datos experimentales es la de Weibull.Results found with 23 woven fabrics of various compositions, with predominance of polyester and wool, have compared to those of different parameters proposed to represent the cover factor (Galcerán, Eurotex, Grosberg and Seyam) with the results from application image analytical techniques to the indicated concept. By and large, the analysis of the image provides higher parameters than the speculative ones proposed not surpassing the correlations observed values ca. 0.80. On the other hand, the image analysis is the sole procedure providing coherent statistical distributions for the cover factor. Weibull's distribution adjusts the best to the experimental data.Sur 23 tissus de trempage de diverses compositions mais a prédominance polyester + laine, nous avons comparé les résultats de différents parametres proposés pour représenter le niveau de densité ou facteur de couverture (Galcerán, Eurotex, Grosberg et Seyam) aux résultats obtenus en appliquant à ce concept les techniques d'analyse de l'image. Les mesures concernent les tissus analysés dans les différentes phases de la manufacture, du métier a tisser au finissage. En général, l'analyse de l'image fournit des indices plus élevés que les parametres spéculatifs proposés et les corrélations observées ne dépassent pas des valeurs voisines de 0,80. Parailleurs, l'analyse de l'image est la seule procédure a donner des distributions statistiques cohérentes pur le facteur de couverture. La distribution qui s'ajuste le mieux aux données expérimentales est celle de Weibull.Peer Reviewe

Optimización de hilos paralelos de lana y de acrílica/poliamida.

En el presente estudio se consideran las propiedades físico-mecánicas de los hilos paralelos con alma de lana y de acrilica-poliamida (90/10) recubiertos con mono o polifilamento de poliamida y se relacionan las mencionadas propiedades con los parámetros del hilo tales como la masa lineal, la torsión del filamento, la proporción del mismo y su masa lineal. El diseño experimental utilizado permite repasar y reconocer los factores estadísticamente significativos y el establecimiento, por regresión múltiple, de las ecuaciones que ligan las propiedades estudiadas con los parámetros de estructura del hilo, con lo cual pueden escogerse las condiciones experimentales que conducen a la optimización de las propiedades elásticas, el indice de vellosidad, la irregularidad y el coeficiente de rozamiento en sus modalidades hilo/hilo e hilo/cerámica.In this study physico-mechanical properties of wool and acryl-polyamide (90/10) wrap spun yarns are considered. Core fibres were wrapped by four types of polyamide mono and polyfilament and related to yarn parameters such as, linear density, twist yarn, ratio and linear density yarn.The experimental design applied allows to revise the statistically significant factors as well as the establishment, by means of multiple regression, of equations relating the properties studied to the parameters of the yarn structure. This, in turn, will permit to select the optimum experimental conditions leading to the optimization of the elastic properties, hairiness index, uneveness, and the friction coefficient in the aspects of yarn/yarn and yarn/ceramic.Cette étude présente les propriétés physico-mécaniques de fils bicomposés à âme de laine et d'acrylique-polyamide (90/10%) guipés de monofilament ou multifilament de polyamide. Ces propriétés sont mises en relation avec les caractéristiques du fil telles que sa masse linéique ainsi que la torsion, proportion et masse linéique du filament. Le système conçu pour l'expérience permet de passer en revue et d'identifier les facteurs statistiquement significatifs et d'en déduire, par régression multiple, les rapports entre les propriétés étudiées et les caractéristiques structurelles du fil, ce qui permet de choisir les conditions expérimentales qui conduiront à l'optimisation des propriétés élastiques, du taux de formation de duvet, de l'irrégularité et du coefficient de frottement dans ses modalités fil/fíl et fil/céramique.Peer Reviewe

Qualidade em agricultura: sistemas de certificação, desafios e perspectivas

Qualidade, quando referida ao sector agrícola, integra toda a cadeia produtiva, desde a provisão de matérias-primas até ao consumo e pode ser vista na óptica do produtor e do consumidor. Os sistemas de garantia e certificação da qualidade existentes na União Europeia, baseados numa abordagem holística, são particularmente complexos e variados, pela diversidade de consumidores existentes. A maioria aplica-se a um mercado diferenciado e apenas um reduzido número e muito diversificado vai além das normas legais, visando a diferenciação dos produtos e a manutenção de determinados padrões de qualidade. O seu desenvolvimento é influenciado por medidas de políticas distintas e, factores económicos e sociodemográficos. Podem classificar- se em função do objecto (produtos ou processos), dos objectivos (consumidor final ou os diferentes intervenientes na cadeia de comercialização alimentar), o conteúdo (rastreabilidade na origem ou modo de produção), os promotores (públicos ou privados), o contexto (local, regional, nacional ou internacional) e, o número de etapas envolvidas na cadeia agro-alimentar

Anthropometric characteristics of elite paddle players: Pilot study

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y el somatotipo de una muestra internacional de jugadores de pádel de alto nivel de ambos sexos. En el estudio participaron 29 jugadores (15 varones y 14 mujeres) de categoría absoluta. Un total de 16 variables antropométricas fueron evaluadas. Se encontraron diferencias entre sexos en las variables masa, talla e IMC (p<0,001); en los pliegues tricipital, muslo, pierna (p<0,001) y en el sumatorio de 6 pliegues; en los perímetros brazo, muslo (p<0,001) y pierna (p<0,03); y en todos los diámetros analizados (p<0,001). Asimismo se encontraron diferencias en los componentes endomórfico (p<0,01), mesomórfico (p<0,001) y ectomórfico (p<0,05) del somatotipo. Los jugadores presentan un somatotipo mesomórfico-endomórfico y las jugadoras endo-mesomórfico. Esta investigación aporta datos biotipológicos actualizados de referencia para el pádel de élitePaddle is one of the racket sports that has grown the most in recent years. However, there are few or very limited studies that address the biotype of this discipline, especially in the elite paddle. The aim was to describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition and somatotype of an international sample of high level paddle players. 29 subjects national top level (15 male and 14 female) participated in this study. 16 anthropometric variables were evaluated. Differences were found between sexes in the variables weight, height and BMI (p <0.001); in triceps, thigh and leg folds (p <0.001); in the arm, thigh (p <0.001) and leg (p <0.03) perimeters; and in all diameters analysed (p <0.001). Differences were also found between men and women in the endomorphic (p <0.01), mesomorphic (p <0.001) and ectomorphic (p <0.05) components of the somatotype. Male players present a mesomorphic-endomorphic somatotype while female players are preferably endo-mesomorphic. This research provides up-to-date reference data for somatotype in elite paddle playersInstituto de Estudios Altoaragoneses por el proyecto “Análisis de las demandas fisiológicas del pádel de competición: estudio de marcadores asociados al rendimiento físico-deportivo.

The Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 complex mediates activation of TopBP1 by ATM

The activation of ATR-ATRIP in response to double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) depends upon ATM in human cells and Xenopus egg extracts. One important aspect of this dependency involves regulation of TopBP1 by ATM. In Xenopus egg extracts, ATM associates with TopBP1 and thereupon phosphorylates it on S1131. This phosphorylation enhances the capacity of TopBP1 to activate the ATR-ATRIP complex. We show that TopBP1 also interacts with the Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) complex in egg extracts in a checkpoint-regulated manner. This interaction involves the Nbs1 subunit of the complex. ATM can no longer interact with TopBP1 in Nbs1-depleted egg extracts, which suggests that the MRN complex helps to bridge ATM and TopBP1 together. The association between TopBP1 and Nbs1 involves the first pair of BRCT repeats in TopBP1. In addition, the two tandem BRCT repeats of Nbs1 are required for this binding. Functional studies with mutated forms of TopBP1 and Nbs1 suggested that the BRCT-dependent association of these proteins is critical for a normal checkpoint response to DSBs. These findings suggest that the MRN complex is a crucial mediator in the process whereby ATM promotes the TopBP1-dependent activation of ATR-ATRIP in response to DSBs

Structure of an archaeal PCNA1-PCNA2-FEN1 complex: elucidating PCNA subunit and client enzyme specificity.

The archaeal/eukaryotic proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) toroidal clamp interacts with a host of DNA modifying enzymes, providing a stable anchorage and enhancing their respective processivities. Given the broad range of enzymes with which PCNA has been shown to interact, relatively little is known about the mode of assembly of functionally meaningful combinations of enzymes on the PCNA clamp. We have determined the X-ray crystal structure of the Sulfolobus solfataricus PCNA1-PCNA2 heterodimer, bound to a single copy of the flap endonuclease FEN1 at 2.9 A resolution. We demonstrate the specificity of interaction of the PCNA subunits to form the PCNA1-PCNA2-PCNA3 heterotrimer, as well as providing a rationale for the specific interaction of the C-terminal PIP-box motif of FEN1 for the PCNA1 subunit. The structure explains the specificity of the individual archaeal PCNA subunits for selected repair enzyme 'clients', and provides insights into the co-ordinated assembly of sequential enzymatic steps in PCNA-scaffolded DNA repair cascades

Individual variability of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin levels after aerobic exercise is not mediated by exercise mode

We compared the response of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) after 60 min of swimming, running and cycling in well-trained triathletes. The maximal increase in hs-cTnT was similar in all exercise bouts (swimming 453%, cycling 349% and running 471%) although there was substantial individual variability in peak hs-cTnT. The post-exercise kinetics for hs-cTnT was consistent. The change in hs-cTnT was correlated between trials. In all trials, hs-cTnT had largely returned to baseline levels 24 h post-exercise. In summary, an increase in hs-cTnT was apparent in all triathletes independent of exercise mode and despite variable peak data the consistent kinetics over 24 h post-exercise would suggest this represents a physiological phenomenon

Rad17 Plays a Central Role in Establishment of the Interaction between TopBP1 and the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 Complex at Stalled Replication Forks

Rad17 is critical for the ATR-dependent activation of Chk1 during checkpoint responses. It is known that Rad17 loads the Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) complex onto DNA. We show that Rad17 also mediates the interaction of 9-1-1 with the ATR-activating protein TopBP1 in Xenopus egg extracts. Studies with Rad17 mutants indicate that binding of ATP to Rad17 is essential for the association of 9-1-1 and TopBP1. Furthermore, hydrolysis of ATP by Rad17 is necessary for the loading of 9-1-1 onto DNA and the elevated, checkpoint-dependent accumulation of TopBP1 on chromatin. Significantly, a mutant 9-1-1 complex that cannot bind TopBP1 has a normal capacity to promote elevated accumulation of TopBP1 on chromatin. Taken together, we propose the following mechanism. First, Rad17 loads 9-1-1 onto DNA. Second, TopBP1 accumulates on chromatin in a manner that depends on both Rad17 and 9-1-1. Finally, 9-1-1 and TopBP1 dock in a Rad17-dependent manner before activation of Chk1

Psychological effects of gamified didactics with exergames in Physical Education at primary schools: Results from a natural experiment

The physical effects of exergaming have been proven, but less is known about the psychological effects in elementary schools that make exergames an effective educational tool. The application of gamification to education is still an emerging practice that has been barely studied. The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of a gamified exergaming intervention in Physical Education classes in primary schools on psychological variables like motivation, flow, basic psychological needs and academic performance. A natural experiment with a non-randomised controlled design was run. The participants were recruited from four schools (n = 417), and received traditional didactic intervention or a gamified exergaming intervention. Both lasted 1 month. The results showed better positive gamified exergaming effects on basic psychological needs, academic performance and some flow dimensions. No interaction effects were found in intrinsic motivation, external regulation and amotivation, although specific improvements in the gamified exergaming group are discussed. The Mechanics-Dynamics-Aesthetics gamification model and the Just Dance Now exergame may be resources capable of producing positive psychological effects on school-based Physical Education

Novel pharmacological maps of protein lysine methyltransferases: key for target deorphanization

Epigenetic therapies are being investigated for the treatment of cancer, cognitive disorders, metabolic alterations and autoinmune diseases. Among the diferent epigenetic target families, protein lysine methyltransferases (PKMTs), are especially interesting because it is believed that their inhibition may be highly specifc at the functional level. Despite its relevance, there are currently known inhibitors against only 10 out of the 50 SET-domain containing members of the PKMT family. Accordingly, the identifcation of chemical probes for the validation of the therapeutic impact of epigenetic modulation is key. Moreover, little is known about the mechanisms that dictate their substrate specifcity and ligand selectivity. Consequently, it is desirable to explore novel methods to characterize the pharmacological similarity of PKMTs, going beyond classical phylogenetic relationships. Such characterization would enable the prediction of ligand of-target efects caused by lack of ligand selectivity and the repurposing of known compounds against alternative targets. This is particularly relevant in the case of orphan targets with unreported inhibitors. Here, we frst perform a systematic study of binding modes of cofactor and substrate bound ligands with all available SET domain-containing PKMTs. Protein ligand interaction fngerprints were applied to identify conserved hot spots and contact-specifc residues across subfamilies at each binding site; a relevant analysis for guiding the design of novel, selective compounds. Then, a recently described methodology (GPCR-CoINPocket) that incorporates ligand contact information into classical alignment-based comparisons was applied to the entire family of 50 SET-containing proteins to devise pharmacological similarities between them. The main advantage of this approach is that it is not restricted to proteins for which crystallographic data with bound ligands is available. The resulting family organization from the separate analysis of both sites (cofactor and substrate) was retrospectively and prospectively validated. Of note, three hits (inhibition>50% at 10 µM) were identifed for the orphan NSD1