Legal advances in the European Union (Intellectual Property Law And Industry 4.0):Extraterritoriality and applicability of comparative law In Brazil

This article aims to provide a critical evaluation Industry 4.0 and intellectual property law, questioning how the widespread adoption of new digital technologies (Internet of Things, robotic systems, artificial intelligence, Big Data Analytics, etc.) can affect the formulation of the intellectual property rights and result in new insights, especially regarding the protection of intellectual property. This assay adopts the hypothetical-deductive methodology utilising literature review and the jurisprudence from UK Court of Appeal (case No. B2/2013/1812) in order to analyse the progress in this area in Europe and in the English legal system, both of which are demonstrating a greater speed in the response to new problems in data protection, recommending at the end, the application of comparative law in Brazil in cases of legislative omission, while there is no specific legislation based on globalized customs.<br/

Análise da práxis docente em Biologia no ensino secundário português

A pesquisa objetivou analisar as práticas pedagógicas empregadas pelos professores portugueses de Biologia que favorecessem o desenvolvimento de habilidades e de competências no ensino desta disciplina. Participaram deste estudo 94% dos professores de Biologia atuantes no Ensino Secundário da cidade portuguesa de Bragança (Nordeste de Portugal). A pesquisa caracteriza-se por seus aspectos qualitativos, descritivos e interpretativos. Para o levantamento dos dados, recorremos à entrevista semiestruturada; posteriormente os relatos foram transcritos e submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que a infraestrutura existente nas escolas, a disponibilidade de bons equipamentos e de recursos são diferenciais no Ensino Secundário português. Entretanto, as dificuldades dos estudantes com o domínio da língua portuguesa, da matemática, entre outros, são grandes desafios a serem superados. Diante disso, conclui-se que uma práxis diversificada, que utilize estratégias como aulas laboratoriais e de campo, que utilize jogos educativos e aprendizagem cooperativa, pode melhorar a qualidade do ensino de Biologia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A nyúl neonatális FC receptor klónozása, jellemzése = Cloning and characterisation of the rabbit neonatal FC receptor

Az emlősök szervezetében található immunglobulinok közül legjelentősebb az IgG, mely a fertőzésekkel szemben biztosít védelmet. A neonatális Fc receptor (FcRn) dimer molekula, nehéz lánca az MHC-I osztályú fehérjékhez tartozik. A molekula részt vesz az anyai IgG utódoknak történő átadásában, a szérum IgG szintjének fenntartásában, és az immunválaszban –fagocitózisban és antigén prezentációban. A főemlősökhöz hasonlóan nyúlban az anyai immun transzport folyamatok a magzati korban történnek a szikzacskón keresztül. Bár a nyúlban a transzport folyamatát már vizsgálták, a receptor molekulát még nem klónozták és jellemezték. Hogy pontosan megértsük a nyúlban, mint modellállatban az FcRn működését RACE PCR-el klónoztuk a nyúl FcRn nehéz láncát és jellemeztük. Megállapítottuk, hogy nagy hasonlóságot mutat az ismert emlős ortológokhoz. Részletesen vizsgáltuk a gén expresszióját a placentában, az amnionban és a szikzacskóban. A receptor megjelenik a placenta kapilláris endotél sejtjeiben és a szikzacskó endoderm sejtek apikális régiójában. RNS szinten kimutattuk jelenlétét monocitákban és makrofágokban is. Megállapítottuk, hogy a nyúl FcRn pH függő módon működik. A fenti vizsgálatok igazolják, hogy az általunk klónozott és jellemzett receptor a nyúl FcRn. | IgG is the most important immunoglobulin in mammals. IgG protects against infections. The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) is a dimer its heavy chain is similar in structure to MHC class I proteins. Multiple functions have been shown for neonatal Fc receptor, as it mediates maternal transfer of IgG to offsprings, responsible for the maintenance of serum IgG level and plays an important role in immune respons-phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Like primates, rabbit maternal IgG transport occurs during the fetal life and mediated by the FcRn through the yolk sac. Although, there were several studies in analyzing IgG transport in rabbit yolk sac, the rabbit FcRn has not been cloned and analyzed so far. In order to have a better understanding in this valuable model, first we cloned the rabbit FcRn using RACE PCR and found that the coding region of the rabbit FcRn alpha-chain shows high similarity to the other mammalian orthologues. We also characterized the rabbit FcRn by detecting its expression in monocytes, macrophages, fetal placenta, yolk sac and amnion, though this last one presented less FcRn expression, by RT-PCR. We detected this receptor in the endothelial cells of the placental capillaries as well as in the apical region of endoderm cells in the yolk sac. We found that the rabbit FcRn, binds IgG in a pH dependent manner, like its other mammalian FcRns. These results confirm that the rabbit Fc receptor in the rabbit yolk sac is a bona fide FcRn receptor

Experiência de ensino sobre cores durante a colônia de férias do espaço ciência - Pe

O Espaço Ciência é um dos maiores museus interativos de divulgação científica do Brasil. Nele são realizadas diversas atividades durante todo o ano, dentre elas, a colônia de férias que acontece no museu durante os meses de janeiro e julho. Através da Colônia de Férias as crianças aprendem conceitos científicos brincando. Todas as atividades realizadas no evento envolvem atividades diárias, dentre as quais, destacamos neste trabalho, “CORES DA QUÍMICA”, uma oficina interativa, que aborda a diferença entre cores primárias dos pigmentos e da luz, como também, algumas reações químicas representadas pela mudança de cor

Fejlődés specifikus gének expressziós mintázatának összehasonlítása pluripotens nyúl embrionális és epiblaszt őssejtekben. = Comparison of developmental stage specific gene expression patterns in pluripotent rabbit embryonic and epiblast derived stem cell lines .

Transzgénikus nyulak kiváló modell állatként szolgálnak az öröklött humán betegségek tanulmányozására. Jelenleg nem áll rendelkezésre olyan pluripotens embrionális őssejt vonal, ami lehetővé tenné célzott genetikai módosítások végrehajtását nyúlban. Ivarsejt kimérákat mind a mai napig nem sikerült előállítani ezek felhasználásával. A Nanog és az Oct4 transzkripciós faktorok a legfontosabb gének, amik elősegítik a pluripotencia megtartását egér és humán őssejtekben, azonban nyúl esetében nagyon keveset tudtunk ezen gének expressziójáról. Sikerült feltérképeznünk a nyúl őssejt specifikus markerek expresszióját a nyúl embriók fejlődése során, valamint embrionális és epiblaszt őssejtekben. Az őssejtek passzálásának előrehaladtával az epiblaszt specifikus Oct4, és Nanog szint csökkenni kezdett, a trofoblaszt (Cdx2) és hipoblaszt (Gata4, Gata6) sejtekre jellemző markerek expressziója viszont továbbra is kimutatható maradt. Ezekben sejttenyészetekben az őssejt kolóniák nagy része differenciálódni kezdett, valószínűleg a sejttenyészetben megtalálható hipoblaszt és trofoblaszt eredetű sejtekből származó faktorok hatásának eredményeként. A munka folytatásaként szeretnénk megismerni a nyúl Ins, Wnt, FGF4 és LIF jelátvitelben résztvevő elemeket, kiegészítve a regulációban fontos szerepet játszó őssejt specifikus nyúl mikroRNS-ek szerepének megismerésével. Azt reméljük, hogy ezen jelátviteli rendszerek megismerése segíthet valóban pluripotens nyúl ES sejtvonalak létrehozásában. | Laboratory rabbits have long been used in biomedical research. Recently, they have been used as experimental models for human diseases. Rabbit ES cells would be invaluable for the study of testing stem cell therapies for human applications. Although many attempts have been made to derive real pluripotent ES cell lines from rabbits, none has been successful. We analyzed the expression pattern of embryonic stem cell specific markers in rabbit embryos and epiblast cells. The expression pattern of Oct4, Nanog transcriptions factors during the rabbit embryonic development was not known. Epiblast specific Oct4 and Nanog, trophoblast specific Cdx2 and hypoblast specific Gata4 and Gata6 were examined in blastocysts, attached embryos and epiblast like cells. The Oct4 and Nanog in rabbit ES-like cells expressed at high level reflecting their pluripotent state, but reduced passage by passage. We could recognize Cdx2 expression which might be related to cells derived from remaining trophoblast cells. We could also detect low level of Gata4 and Gata6 expressing colonies correlated with some differentiated and hypoblast derived cells. After few passages the most of the epiblast derived colonies begin to differentiate, most likely as a result of the effect of remaining hypoblast and trophoblast cells derived factors. As a continuation of our work, we want to investigate the rabbit Ins, Wnt, FGF4 and LIF signaling elements in addition with stem cells specific rabbit microRNAs

A folding ADC based on switched capacitor circuits in 350 nm CMOS

Peer Reviewe

Citotoxicity evaluation of three dental adhesives on vero cells in vitro

To evaluate, in vitro, the potential cytotoxicity of three different dental adhesives systems (Adper Single Bond 2 -SB, Silorane System Adhesive Bond -SSAB and Single Bond Universal -SBU) on cultivated Vero cells after different contact times. The cells were cultured in a concentration of 2 x 105 cells/mL for 24h and grown to sub-confluent monolayers. VERO cells were exposed to 25µl of conditioned extracts obtained from 24h, 48h and 72h immersion of adhesive samples in culture medium (DMEM), immediately after polymerization. Fresh DMEM was used as negative control. Cell metabolism was evaluated by the MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide). The data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA, considering a significance of 5%. The values of cell viability ranged from 94.2% at 72h (SBU) to 109.6% at 48h (SB). The mean percentage of viability after exposure to the extracts of SB, SSAB and SBU were 103.2%, 100.63% and 97.43%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference (p= 0.342) between the experimental and negative control groups. At all exposure times, all adhesives tested in this study presented no cytotoxicity to Vero cells in vitro

Desempenho de caprinos nativos e ovinos Morada Nova em diferentes pastagens no Ceará.

Resumo: As taxas de parição, mortalidade de adultos e gemelidade de caprinos nativos e ovinos Morada Nova, foram avaliadas de 1977 a 1979, em três tipos de pastagens - Nativa de Caatinga, Nativa Raleada e de capim-buffel (Cenchrus ciliaris L.). O ensaio foi conduzido na Fazenda Iracema, da Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Ceará - EPACE -, em Quixadá, CE. As taxas de parição foram diferentes para anos, espécies, anos x espécies e espécies x pastagens. Os caprinos apresentaram 55,7%, 91,6% e 70,8% de parição e os ovinos, 89,1%, 85,2% e 86,9% em 1977, 1978 e 1979, respectivamente. A taxa de gemelidade foi significativamente maior nos caprinos (43,0%) que nos ovinos (25,8%). As taxas de mortalidade de adultos foram diferentes para anos, espécies, anos x espécies e espécies x pastagens. A sobrevivência dos ovinos foi de 87,6%, 98,0% e 85,1%; e dos caprinos, 92,9%, 95,3% e 98,6% em 1977, 1978 e 1979, respectivamente. Os ovinos morreram mais na pastagem nativa de caatinga enquanto os caprinos não foram afetados pelo tipo de pastagem. A capacidade de suporte da pastagem cultivada foi maior em 350% a da nativa de caatinga e em 182% a da nativa raleada. [Native goat and "Morada Nova" sheep performance in different pastures in Ceará]. Nativo goat and Morada Nova sheep parturition, adult mortality and gemelarity ratos were evaluated trem 1977 to 1979, in three pasture types - nativo caatinga, clearsd caatinga and buftelgrass (Cenchrus ciliaris LI. It was conducted at Iracema Farni of Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária do Ceará - EPACE - in Quixadá, CE, Brazil. Parturition ratos were different for year, species, year x x species and year x pasture type. Goats had 55.7%, 91.6%. and 70.8% of parturition, and sheeps 89.1%, 85.2% and 86.9% of parturition in 1977, 1978 and 1979, respectively. Adult mortality ratos were affected by year, species, year x species and species x pasture type. Sheep survival was 87.6%, 98.0% and 85.1%, and for goats, 92.9%, 95.3% and 98.6% respectively for 1977, 1978 and 1979. Sheep mortality was greater in native caatinga pasture whereas goats were not affected by the pasture types. Gemelarity ratos were different for species, goats with 43.0% and sheeps with 25.8%. Buffel-grass pasture carrying capacity was 350% higher than nativo caatinga and 182% than cleared caatinga pastures

Alcohol abusive use increases facial trauma?

Trauma is among the main death causes and morbidity in the world and is often related to the use of alcohol and its abuse has reached massive proportions, no matter if the country is developed or not, being considered as public health problem. Since there are very few randomized and prospective studies in literature about the association of facial trauma and the use of alcohol, this study aims to investigate the impact of alcohol use in facial trauma. This was a prospective and cross sectional study, involving facial trauma patients attended at Oral Maxillofacial Surgery Division of a State Hospital. Variables included patient´s profile, trauma etiology, facial region involved, type of injury and treatment and days of hospitalization. AUDIT test was applied to identify risks and damages of alcohol use and chemical dependence. Absolute distribution, uni and mutilvaried percentages were made for data evaluation. Pearson´s qui-squared and Fisher´s Exact tests were also used. One hundred patients were evaluated. The patient´s mean age was 33.50 years-old, 48% had between 17 and 29 years old, 28% had 30 to 39, and 24% 40 or more. Most of them were male (86%). The most frequent etiology was traffic accident (57%), the extraoral area was most committed (62%), the most frequent type of injury was fractures (78%) and the most affected bone was the mandible (36%). More than half of the patients (53%) had surgical treatment. 38% had their discharge from hospital right after the first attendance. The AUDIT most frequent answer was ?moderate use? (46%) and use at risk (39%). There was significant difference between the use of alcohol (AUDIT) and hematoma (0.003) and number of days of hospitalization (p=0.005). In this study it was not observed association between alcohol consumption using the AUDIT and trauma etiology, but patient victims of traffic accidents were classified as with risk in the scale. Most of the trauma were caused by traffic accidents using motorcycles and occurred in young aged men

Extramammary Paget’s disease affecting the external auditory canal: a case report

INTRODUCTION: Extramammary Paget’s disease is a rare histological type of intraepithelial adenocarcinoma that mainly affects apocrine sweat gland-rich areas. Predilection sites include the anogenital region and, less commonly, the axillae. These tumors rarely occur in non-apocrine regions. The aim of this case report is to describe a case of extramammary Paget’s disease in the external auditory canal with extensive temporal bone involvement and skull base invasion. CASE PRESENTATION: A 40-year-old Caucasian man presented with a progressively growing, vegetating lesion localized in his right-hand external auditory canal. He had peripheral facial nerve paralysis and complete ipsilateral hearing loss. An incisional biopsy suggested extramammary Paget’s disease, and the immunohistochemical analysis confirmed the diagnosis. The tumor was considered inoperable because of the extensive skull base involvement, and he was referred for palliative radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: We report here the third case of extramammary Paget’s disease affecting the external auditory canal to be described in the literature. In all the three cases, the prognosis was unfavorable despite treatment