Do CCT Programmes Work in Low-Income Countries?

Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have worked fairly well in large upper middle-income countries such as Brazil and Mexico. But this does not mean that the CCT model can be exported to all countries, especially the poorest. As the table shows, programmes in low-income countries are reaching a much smaller share of their population and of the extremely poor. The number of beneficiaries of CCT programmes in Brazil and Mexico is larger than the number of the extremely poor, whereas in Nicaragua the beneficiaries are equivalent to 7.8 per cent of the extremely poor population. Low-income countries also have a much more limited capacity to spend on these programmes. For instance, Mexico invests 0.44 per cent of its GDP and 4.3 per cent of total social spending in CCTs, while Honduras invests 0.02 per cent of GDP and 0.2 per cent of social spending. (...)Do CCT Programmes Work in Low-Income Countries?

Enlargeable metrics on nonspin manifolds

We show that an enlargeable Riemannian metric on a (possibly nonspin) manifold cannot have uniformly positive scalar curvature. This extends a well-known result of Gromov and Lawson to the nonspin setting. We also prove that every noncompact manifold admits a nonenlargeable metric. In proving the first result, we use the main result of the recent paper by Schoen and Yau on minimal hypersurfaces to obstruct positive scalar curvature in arbitrary dimensions. More concretely, we use this to study nonzero degree maps f from a manifold X to the product of the k-sphere with the n-k dimensional torus, with k=1,2,3. When X is a closed oriented manifold endowed with a metric g of positive scalar curvature and the map f is (possibly area) contracting, we prove inequalities relating the lower bound of the scalar curvature of g and the contracting factor of the map f.Comment: 13 pages. v2: minor corrections, replaced lemma 4.3 by a referenc

Funcionam os Programas de TCR nos Países de Baixa Renda?

Funcionam os Programas de TCR nos Países de Baixa Renda?

¿Los Programas de TMC Funcionan en los Países de Bajos Ingresos?

¿Los Programas de TMC Funcionan en los Países de Bajos Ingresos?

Poverty and employment in Latin America: 1990-2005

Includes bibliograph

Les Programmes de Transfert Monétaire Assorti de Conditions Sont-ils Viables Dans les Pays à Faible Revenu ?

Les Programmes de Transfert Monétaire Assorti de Conditions Sont-ils Viables Dans les Pays à Faible Revenu ?

International migration in Latin America and the Caribbean: a development and rights perspective

In Latin America and the Caribbean, where every country is a country of origin, destination, return or transit, international migration is becoming ever more complex and intensive. Migratory flows are increasingly characterized by irregularity; and migrants represent one of the most vulnerable population groups, as victims of stigmatization, discrimination, xenophobia and racism. However, migrants contribute to sustainable development through work, entrepreneurship, remittances and tax payments, in addition to their culture. To enhance these contributions, public policies and migration governance are needed at the multilateral, national and local levels, based on the interaction between migration and development and fulfilment of the countries’ human rights obligations