Yargitay kararlari işiğinda nişanin bozulmasinda manevi tazminat = Non-pecuniary compensation in the termination of engagements in light of court of cassation decisions

Under Articles 120, 121, and 122 of the Turkish Civil Code (Law No. 4721), certain legal consequences are tied to the dissolution of an engagement, which is established by mutual promise to marry. These consequences include claims for pecuniary damages, non-pecuniary (emotional) damages, and the return of gifts. Regardless of the reason or fault for the termination, it is possible for either party to request the return of unusual gifts given by either party or their parents (or parental figures). However, claims for pecuniary and non-pecuniary damages are regulated differently from the return of gifts. To claim damages, the engagement must have ended specifically through dissolution. If it ends for other reasons, damages cannot be sought. Additionally, it must be shown that the engagement was ended either without a valid reason or due to the fault of the other party. Although there is some debate in the legal doctrine about whether the plaintiff must be entirely blameless or simply less at fault than the defendant, the law explicitly states that the defendant must be at fault. In addition to these conditions, for a claim of non-pecuniary damages, the plaintiff’s personal rights must have been violated due to the termination of the engagement. This study aims to examine, in light of Court of Cassation decisions, the conditions and scope of claims for non-pecuniary damages in cases of engagement dissolution

Looking both ways: Electroactive biomaterials with bidirectional implications for dynamic cell–material crosstalk

Cells exist in natural, dynamic microenvironmental niches that facilitate biological responses to external physicochemical cues such as mechanical and electrical stimuli. For excitable cells, exogenous electrical cues are of interest due to their ability to stimulate or regulate cellular behavior via cascade signaling involving ion channels, gap junctions, and integrin receptors across the membrane. In recent years, conductive biomaterials have been demonstrated to influence or record these electrosensitive biological processes whereby the primary design criterion is to achieve seamless cell-material integration. As such, currently available bioelectronic materials are predominantly engineered toward achieving high-performing devices while maintaining the ability to recapitulate the local excitable cell/tissue microenvironment. However, such reports rarely address the dynamic signal coupling or exchange that occurs at the biotic-abiotic interface, as well as the distinction between the ionic transport involved in natural biological process and the electronic (or mixed ionic/electronic) conduction commonly responsible for bioelectronic systems. In this review, we highlight current literature reports that offer platforms capable of bidirectional signal exchange at the biotic-abiotic interface with excitable cell types, along with the design criteria for such biomaterials. Furthermore, insights on current materials not yet explored for biointerfacing or bioelectronics that have potential for bidirectional applications are also provided. Finally, we offer perspectives aimed at bringing attention to the coupling of the signals delivered by synthetic material to natural biological conduction mechanisms, areas of improvement regarding characterizing biotic-abiotic crosstalk, as well as the dynamic nature of this exchange, to be taken into consideration for material/device design consideration for next-generation bioelectronic systems

The newly credentialed veterinary technician: perceptions, realities, and career challenges

Previous research has shown that when comparing psychological wellbeing between credentialed veterinary technicians and human registered nurses, high levels of burnout and distress were noted within the veterinary technician population. This qualitative focus group study sought to gain a better understanding of the early-career veterinary technician experience to understand what factors might contribute to stress and burnout. Four ninety-minute qualitative focus groups were conducted with a range of two to five participants. Semi-structured interviewing was used, and focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed. Two major categories were identified: (1) The Credentialing Journey, and (2) Challenges with the Career. Seven themes were identified in these two categories, including Credentialing: Perceptions and Reality, the Newly Credentialed Veterinary Technician, Us vs. Us, Ethical Dilemmas, Work Environment, Utilization, and Career Longevity. The findings of this study can inform future intervention research to improve the mental health and wellbeing of veterinary technicians. A focus on teaching team-based medicine, leadership skills, and conflict management in both veterinary and veterinary technician schools may help reduce team conflict. In addition, effectively utilizing veterinary technicians and increasing awareness of their value may help improve veterinary technician career satisfaction

Selective Induction of Molecular Assembly to Tissue‐Level Anisotropy on Peptide‐Based Optoelectronic Cardiac Biointerfaces

The conduction efficiency of ions in excitable tissues and of charged species in organic conjugated materials both benefit from having ordered domains and anisotropic pathways. In this study, a photocurrent-generating cardiac biointerface is presented, particularly for investigating the sensitivity of cardiomyocytes to geometrically comply to biomacromolecular cues differentially assembled on a conductive nanogrooved substrate. Through a polymeric surface-templated approach, photoconductive substrates with symmetric peptide-quaterthiophene (4T)-peptide units assembled as 1D nanostructures on nanoimprinted polyalkylthiophene (P3HT) surface are developed. The 4T-based peptides studied here can form 1D nanostructures on prepatterned polyalkylthiophene substrates, as directed by hydrogen bonding, aromatic interactions between 4T and P3HT, and physical confinement on the nanogrooves. It is observed that smaller 4T-peptide units that can achieve a higher degree of assembly order within the polymeric templates serve as a more efficient driver of cardiac cytoskeletal anisotropy than merely presenting aligned -RGD bioadhesive epitopes on a nanotopographic surface. These results unravel some insights on how cardiomyocytes perceive submicrometer dimensionality, local molecular order, and characteristics of surface cues in their immediate environment. Overall, the work offers a cardiac patterning platform that presents the possibility of a gene modification-free cardiac photostimulation approach while controlling the conduction directionality of the biotic and abiotic components

Micropatterning Photoconductive Peptide Assemblies on Stiff and Soft Biomaterial Substrates

The propagation of electrical signals in the human heart relies on organized conduction pathways to optimally function and pump blood into the rest of the body. Mimicking this directionality across interconnected myocytes in vitro is currently achieved by patterning the cells themselves, which are often subjected to external stimulatory cues that are rarely localized or have controlled anisotropy. Here, we demonstrate an approach to interface micropatterned optoelectronic peptides with cardiomyocytes, whereby the engineered biomolecular structures dictate the organization of cells in a substrate, while also presenting photocurrent-generating electrodes of defined microscale geometries. To this end, we utilized surface modification strategies that allowed for the creation of stable micropatterns of quaterthiophene-bearing peptide assemblies on both glass (∼GPa range) and gelatin hydrogel (∼20 kPa) substrates that last for multiple days within an aqueous environment. The pH-sensitive assembly behavior of π-conjugated peptides was also investigated as to how it evolves at various stages of the patterning process and impacts material scattering once they are imprinted on different substrates. Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) seeded on gelatin scaffolds that had been interfaced with π-conjugated peptide micropatterns saw improvements to their orientational order parameter (OOP) of both the actin cytoskeleton and z-lines, which were not observed for those cultured on isotropic controls or on microgrooved gelatin samples. Additionally, the micropatterned π-conjugated peptide platform was shown to exhibit photocurrent-generating properties on both gelatin and glass substrates in aqueous cell culture environments. The peptide-based platform discussed here provides a potential approach to confine conductive biomaterials within microscale features in vitro while simultaneously providing an avenue for light-based localized stimulation of electroactive tissues

Complementary biomolecular coassemblies direct energy transport for cardiac photostimulators

Charge and energy transport within living systems are fundamental processes that enable the autonomous function of excitable cells and tissues. To date, localized control of these transport processes has been enabled by genetic modification approaches to render light sensitivity to cells. Here, we present peptidic nanoassemblies as constituents of a cardiac biomaterial platform that leverages complementary sequence interactions to direct photoinduced energy transport at the cellular interface. Photophysical characterizations and conductivity measurements confirm the occurrence of energy/charge transfer and photocurrent generation upon optical excitation in both dry and electrolytic environments. Comparing an electrostatic sequence pair against a sequence-matched donor-acceptor coassembly, we demonstrate that the sequence design with charge complementarity shows more prominent photocurrent behavior. With the flanking bioadhesive units, the primary and stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes interfaced with covalently stabilized films of the optoelectronic nanostructures exhibited material-stimulated genotypic, structural, or functional cardiac features. Collectively, our findings introduce an optoelectronic cardiac biomaterial where coassembled peptide nanostructures are molecularly designed to induce light sensitivity in excitable cells without gene modification, influencing in vitro cardiac contractile behavior and expression of cardiac markers

Fabrice Riem, 25 septembre 2019, Cosmopolis, Nantes, Se nourrir avec la planète, « Une transition agricole et alimentaire est-elle compatible avec le libre-échange ?

Depuis la seconde guerre mondiale, la mondialisation s'est développée avec une économie de libre commerce. Les problèmes auxquels la planète est confrontée sont-ils la conséquence de ce libéralisme mondialisé ? Et si oui, peut-on réaliser une transition agricole et alimentaire sans une rupture avec ce système ? Programme Se nourrir avec la planète 201

Colloque "la relocalisation des systèmes alimentaires : un défi pour le droit", le 11 mars 2020.

L'institut de droit rural de l'Université de Poitiers, en collaboration avec l'Association française de droit rural Centre-ouest, organise sous la direction du Professeur Benoît GRIMONPREZ un colloque consacré à "la relocalisation des systèmes alimentaire". Il aura lieu le mercredi 11 mars 2020 dans les locaux du centre-ville de la faculté de droit de Poitiers, de 9h à 17h30. François COLLART DUTILLEUL et Thomas BREGER, membres du CELT, y participeront. Voici un lien vers le programme du coll..

Le CELT est lauréat d’un appel à projet organisé par la marque « E2S » (« Solutions pour l’énergie et l’environnement ») de l’Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA)

Le CELT est lauréat d’un appel à projet organisé par la marque « E2S » (« Solutions pour l’énergie et l’environnement ») de l’Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) (https://e2s-uppa.eu/en/about-us/e2s-uppa-i-site-since-2017.html).   Cette marque a été déposée par l’UPPA dans le cadre de l’obtention du label I-Site en 2016. Le projet E2S est centré sur un consortium académique composé de l'Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour et de trois organismes de recherche nationaux, l'Insti..