Cancer Pharmacogenomics and Pharmacoepidemiology: Setting a Research Agenda to Accelerate Translation

Recent advances in genomic research have demonstrated a substantial role for genomic factors in predicting response to cancer therapies. Researchers in the fields of cancer pharmacogenomics and pharmacoepidemiology seek to understand why individuals respond differently to drug therapy, in terms of both adverse effects and treatment efficacy. To identify research priorities as well as the resources and infrastructure needed to advance these fields, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored a workshop titled “Cancer Pharmacogenomics: Setting a Research Agenda to Accelerate Translation” on July 21, 2009, in Bethesda, MD. In this commentary, we summarize and discuss five science-based recommendations and four infrastructure-based recommendations that were identified as a result of discussions held during this workshop. Key recommendations include 1) supporting the routine collection of germline and tumor biospecimens in NCI-sponsored clinical trials and in some observational and population-based studies; 2) incorporating pharmacogenomic markers into clinical trials; 3) addressing the ethical, legal, social, and biospecimen- and data-sharing implications of pharmacogenomic and pharmacoepidemiologic research; and 4) establishing partnerships across NCI, with other federal agencies, and with industry. Together, these recommendations will facilitate the discovery and validation of clinical, sociodemographic, lifestyle, and genomic markers related to cancer treatment response and adverse events, and they will improve both the speed and efficiency by which new pharmacogenomic and pharmacoepidemiologic information is translated into clinical practice

片手で保持して操作する道具の重量と作業強度(人間環境学)

実験室において測量用のポールを立木に見立て, 床から40cm, 120cm, 200cmのところにそれぞれ枝があるものと想定し, 被験者に, 鉈および鋸を用いて枝打ち模擬動作を行わせ, その際の呼気を分析し, 心拍数を測定した。片手で扱う道具として, 重い鉈を用いる方が軽い鋸の場合より, 酸素摂取量が有意に大きく, したがって作業強度の高いことが明らかとなった。また, 吸気量, 呼気二酸化炭素濃度, ならびに二酸化炭素呼出量においても有意差が存したが, 心拍数には有意差がなかった。また, 測定した11項目を変量とする, 鉈と鋸による作業を判別するための線形判別関数を求め, これを用いてもとの鉈, 鋸を用いる作業に関する各12,計24個のデータについて, 判別得点を求めた。正しく判別されたデータの割合は, 鉈, 鋸いずれについても83.3%で, おおむね正しく判別がなされた。この判別に比較的大きく寄与すると考えられる変量は, RQ, 酸素摂取量, 二酸化炭素呼出量, 吸気量で, これらはいずれも作業強度の差異を反映する測定項目であった。To investigate the difference of work intensity with a hatchet from a saw, 4 male subjects performed sham pruning in the laboratory. A surveying pole was supposed to be a tree with branches at the height of 40,120,and 200cm. At each work, expired gas was analyzed and heart rate was measured. The oxygen uptake of the work with a hatchet was significantly higher than that of the work with a saw. Moreover, between the works with 2 kinds of tools, significant differences were observed on the inspired gas volume, the fraction of expired CO_2,and the volume of expired CO_2. To discriminate the data with hatchet and saw, linear discriminant function with 11 variables was obtained which were correspond to measured 11 items on sham pruning. The variables which contributed largely to discrimination were RQ, O_2 uptake, expired CO_2 volume, and inspired gas volume; these were the items which reflected work intensity

Texas Early Childhood Workforce Compensation Study

The purpose of the compensation study was to gather accurate information about the wages of child care workers, as well as the retention of these workers. The survey gathered compensation and retention data from home-based providers, center directors, and center workers. To gather a complete picture of the compensation of all child care workers, the final report may also include information about the compensation of public school pre-k teachers and Head Start teachers.Texas Early Learning CouncilPublic Affair