Real-Time Statistical Speech Translation

This research investigates the Statistical Machine Translation approaches to translate speech in real time automatically. Such systems can be used in a pipeline with speech recognition and synthesis software in order to produce a real-time voice communication system between foreigners. We obtained three main data sets from spoken proceedings that represent three different types of human speech. TED, Europarl, and OPUS parallel text corpora were used as the basis for training of language models, for developmental tuning and testing of the translation system. We also conducted experiments involving part of speech tagging, compound splitting, linear language model interpolation, TrueCasing and morphosyntactic analysis. We evaluated the effects of variety of data preparations on the translation results using the BLEU, NIST, METEOR and TER metrics and tried to give answer which metric is most suitable for PL-EN language pair.Comment: machine translation, polish englis

Feedback can be superior to observational training for both rule-based and information-integration category structures

The effects of two different types of training on rule-based and information-integration category learning were investigated in two experiments. In observational training, a category label is presented, followed by an example of that category and the participant's response. In feedback training, the stimulus is presented, the participant assigns it to a category and then receives feedback about the accuracy of that decision. Ashby, Maddox, and Bohil (2002) reported that feedback training was superior to observational training when learning information-integration category structures, but that training type had little effect on the acquisition of rule-based category structures. These results were argued to support the COVIS dual-process account of category learning. However, a number of non-essential differences between their rule-based and information-integration conditions complicate interpretation of these findings. Experiment 1 controlled, between category structures, for participant error rates, category separation, and the number of stimulus dimensions relevant to the categorization. Under these more controlled conditions, rule-based and information-integration category structures both benefitted from feedback training to a similar degree. Experiment 2 maintained this difference in training type when learning a rule-based category that had otherwise been matched, in terms of category overlap and overall performance, with the rule-based categories used in Ashby et al. These results indicate that differences in dimensionality between the category structures in Ashby et al. is a more likely explanation for the interaction between training type and category structure than the dual-system explanation they offered

PEMBELAJARAN MENG ANALISIS MAKNA KATA POLISEMI DALAM TEKS CERPEN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENT PADA SISWA KELAS X I SMA N EGERI 1 BATUJAJAR TAHUN PELAJARAN 2015/2016

v ABSTRAK Membaca adalah suatu proses yang dilakukan serta dipergunakan oleh pembaca untuk memperoleh pesan yang hendak disampaikan oleh penulis melalui media kata - kata atau bahasa tulisan. Permasalah skripsi ini meliputi: (1) kemampuan penulis melaksa nak an Pembelajaran Menganalisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen dengan menggunakan Metode TGT pada siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar ; (2) kemampuan siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar dalam meng analisis makna kata polisemi dalam teks cerpen dal am Pembelajaran Menganalisis Makna Kata Polisemi dengan menggunakan Metode TGT ; (3) ketepatan model TGT yang digunakan dal am Pembelajaran Menganalisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen p ada Siswa Kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar . Untuk mengetahui masalah di atas, penulis mengadaka n penelitian dengan tujuan : (1) untuk memperoleh gambaran kemampuan penulis dalam melaksanak an pembelajaran menganalisis makna kata polisemi dalam teks cerpen dengan menggunakan metode TGT pada siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar ; (2) untuk mengetahui kemampuan siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar dalam pembelajaran meng analisis makna kata polisemi dalam teks cerpen dengan tepat ; (3) untuk mengetahui ke efektifan m etode TGT yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran meng analisi s makna kata polisemi pada siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar. Hipotesis yang dirumuskan adalah: (1) penulis mampu menggunakan m etode TGT pada Pembelajaran Meng analisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen p a da Siswa Kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar ; (2) siswa mampu meng analisis makna kata polisemi dalam teks cerpen dengan menggunakan metode TGT ; (3) Metode TGT efektif digunakan dalam Pembelajaran Meng analisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen . Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan, penulis memperoleh nilai rat a - rata untuk persiapan yaitu 3,6 3 dan nilai rata - r ata untuk pelaksanaan adalah 3,8 dengan kategori baik sekali (A). Sementara untuk hasil rata - rata pretes yaitu 1,01 dan rata - rata postes 2,55 dengan selisish nilai 5,3 . Hal tersebut membuktikan bahwa siswa kelas X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar Tahun Pelajaran 2015/2016, mampu Meng analisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen dengan mengguna kana metode dengan baik. Dalam hal ini, dari hasil perhitungan statistik dan hasil perhitungan taraf signifikan pun diketahui bahwa t hitung > t tabel , yaitu 1,29 . Hal ini menunjukan bahwa terdapat pe rbedaan dengan menggunakan metode TGT . Penggunaan model pembelajaran yang menarik dapat memotivasi siswa agar belajar aktif, kreatif, komunikatif, menyenangkan serta tidak jenuh. Oleh karena itu, hendaknya guru Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia harus pandai membuat dan menyajikan model - model pembelaj aran yang dapat membuat kemudahan dalam penyampaian materi kepada siswa. Kata kunci: Pembelajaran Meng analisis Makna Kata Polisemi dalam Teks Cerpen dengan menggunakan Metode TGT . vi ABSTRACT Reading is a process that is carried and used by the reader to get a message that would be submitted by the author through the medium of words or written language. Problems of this thesis include: (1) the ability of the author to implement the Analy zing Learning polisemi m eaning of words in text hort storys using TGT metode in class X I of SMAN 1 Batujajar ; (2) the ability of class X I of SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar in analyzing the meaning of the word short story polisemi text in Learning to Analyzing Mean ing of Words polisemi using TGT metode ; (3) the accuracy of the metode used in the TGT Analyzing Learning polisemi me aning of words in text short story on Class X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar . To know the problems mentioned above, the authors conducted r esearch with the aim of: (1) to obtain a picture of the author's ability to implement learning polisemi interpretation of the meaning of words in text using the metode TGT short story in class X I of SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar ; (2) to determine the ability of class X of SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar learning polisemi analyzing of the meaning of the word in the tex t with the appropriate short story ; (3) to dete rmine the effectiveness of TGT metode used in interpreting t he meaning of th e word polisemi learning in class X I of SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar. Formulated hypothesis are: (1) the author is able to use the metode TGT the Analyzing Learning polisemi me aning of words in text Short Story on Class X I SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar ; (2) the student is able to interp ret the meaning of the polisemi word on short story text using TGT metode ; (3) Metode TGT effect ively used in the Analyzing Learning polisemi me aning of words in text Short Story . Based on the research conducted, the author s obtain an average value for the preparation is 3.6 3 and the average valu e for the implementation was 3.8 with a good category (A) . As for the average yield of 30 pre test and post - test average of 1,01 to selisish value of 1,54 or 5,3 % . It is proved that the class X I of SMA N egeri 1 Batujajar the Academic Year 2015/2016, able to Interpret Meaning idiomatic words in text by using current models Anecdotes well. In this case, the results of statistical calculations and the results of calculations significance level was known that t count> t tab le, namely 1,29> 28,75 . This shows that there is a difference by using the metode TGT . Use of an attractive model of learning can motivate students to learn actively, creative, communicative, fun and unsaturated. Therefore, teachers should Indonesian Language and Literature should be clever to make and present models of learning that can make the ease of delivery of materials to the students. Keywords: Learning to Interpret the idiomatic meaning of the word in the Text Anecdotes using TGT metode

Effect of a single dose of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on the occurrence of porcine neonatal diarrhoea

Piglet neonatal diarrhoea is an important issue in modern pig production and is linked to increased mortality and poor growth rates, affecting long-term pig health, increasing use of medication and cost of production. Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (SB) is a probiotic yeast with documented clinical efficacy in the prevention and treatment of diarrhoeal diseases in humans. The objectives of the current study were to evaluate the effect of SB on occurrence and severity of neonatal diarrhoea in piglets, mortality and growth rate. Forty-six litters (606 piglets) were randomly allocated to a control or SB treatment (n=23 per treatment). Within 24 h of farrowing, piglets assigned to the SB treatment received a single oral dose of a paste containing 3.3×109 CFU of SB CNCM I-1079. Piglets from the control litters received a placebo paste. Piglet weight, mortality and diarrhoea were recorded up to day 7 of age. It was shown that numbers of diarrhoea days were significantly correlated with increased mortality rate and reduced weight gain (P<0.05). SB treatment had no effect on growth or mortality in diarrhoeic litters. However, SB-supplemented litters had significantly lower faecal scores, indicating firmer faeces (P<0.01) and fewer numbers of diarrhoeic days (P<0.01) during the 1st week of life. Reduction in the number of diarrhoeic litters compared with the control group was observed following the probiotic administration (P<0.05). These results highlight the detrimental effects of neonatal diarrhoea on pre-weaning performance and suggest that SB, by reducing diarrhoea duration and severity, has the potential of improving enteric health in the early stages of life in pigs

Faster subsequence recognition in compressed strings

Computation on compressed strings is one of the key approaches to processing massive data sets. We consider local subsequence recognition problems on strings compressed by straight-line programs (SLP), which is closely related to Lempel--Ziv compression. For an SLP-compressed text of length $\bar m$, and an uncompressed pattern of length $n$, C{\'e}gielski et al. gave an algorithm for local subsequence recognition running in time $O(\bar mn^2 \log n)$. We improve the running time to $O(\bar mn^{1.5})$. Our algorithm can also be used to compute the longest common subsequence between a compressed text and an uncompressed pattern in time $O(\bar mn^{1.5})$; the same problem with a compressed pattern is known to be NP-hard

El retraso de la recuperación económica y sus efectos sobre la fuerza de trabajo inmigrante

La persistència de la crisi provoca que els immigrants vegin cada vegada amb major escepticisme la recuperació econòmica a curt termini a Espanya. Això suposa que bona part de les estratègies de supervivència desplegades durant aquests últims anys per sortejar la crisi hagin deixat d'ésser sostenibles, especialment per a les persones en situació irregular o per les que no perceben cap tipus d'ingrés. Davant aquesta situació, l'article desenvolupa tres aspectes dels impactes de la crisi sobre els treballadors immigrants: de quina manera afecta la desocupació a aquest col·lectiu; quins són els principals efectes socials i econòmics per a la població migrant i en quina mesura l'evolució de la crisi influeix sobre el retorn voluntari.La persistencia de la crisis provoca que los inmigrantes vean cada vez con mayor escepticismo la recuperación económica a corto plazo en España. Ello supone que buena parte de las estrategias de supervivencia desplegadas durante estos últimos años para sortear la crisis hayan dejado de ser sostenibles, especialmente para las personas en situación irregular o para las que no perciben ningún tipo de ingreso. Ante esta situación, el artículo desarrolla tres aspectos de los impactos de la crisis sobre los trabajadores migrantes: de qué manera afecta el desempleo a este colectivo; cuáles son los principales efectos sociales y económicos para la población migrante; en qué medida la evolución de la crisis influye sobre el retorno voluntario.The persistence of economic crisis has made immigrants more skeptical about economic recuperation in the short term in Spain. It means that most of the survival strategies developed by them during the last years could not be sustainable, especially for irregular immigrants and for immigrants with no job or money. In the face of adversity, the paper examines three aspects of the impacts of the crisis on immigrant workers: how are they affected by the risk of unemployment; the main economic and social effects for migrants; to what extent does the economic crisis affect voluntary return