Definition of Time Induction of Self-Ignition of the Substance on the Prognostic Extrapolation Depending on the Basis of Indicators Fire and Explosion Hazard

In this article the research directed on development of a technique of definition of time of induction of the self-ignition of substances and materials which is an indicator of the beginning of development of an emergency is conducted. The experiment consisting in supervision over process of self-ignition of coal and oil deposits was the basis for research. On the basis of experimental data the curve expressing analytic - expected dependence of size of temperature of ignition on induction time was constructed. Proceeding from graphical representation of process, functional dependence of time of induction on a temperature indicator was received: y=16920•x{0.537}. By means of known indicators of such substances as bitumen oil oxidized (the combustible solid substance received by oxidation of residual product of oil refining) and tar oil (the combustible solid substance which is residual product of oil refining) and the received algorithm, verification of reliability of the received dependence and a technique of definition of time of induction of spontaneous ignition of deposits of oil in general was carried out. The practical importance of the conducted research is that having data on time of induction of process of self-ignition, by means of preventive measures becomes possible to avoid and prevent accidents in oil and oil processing branches, at the same time loss of property and loss of human life

Effects of an economic downturn on construction partnering

Over the economic downturn in recent years, there has been a trend for construction clients to revert to traditional competitive procurement strategies. This is despite authoritative calls for an increase in collaborative working and partnering practices, heralded as the means to drive efficiencies and innovation. Clients may feel that the only way to assure themselves that they are not paying too much is to market-test their projects in a highly competitive environment. This study seeks to provide an insight into the effects of the recent economic downturn on collaborative working, with particular emphasis on manifestation in the practice and positioning of trust within such relationships. Eight interviews were carried out with senior industry professionals, all experienced in partnering and collaborative working practices. Individuals have responded with a quest for job security, which has in turn developed risk-averse work practices and affected the establishment of short-term collaborative relationships. Organisations have returned to traditional competitive procurement methods, seeking to reduce risk in their practices and maintain control in uncertain times. Sceptical considerations of collaboration have re-emerged; the abuses of collaborative relationships for financial benefits, employing austerity as leverage, have become contemporary legend if not fact

A framework for process-driven risk management in construction projects

This thesis describes the development of a framework for a systematic approach torisk management in construction projects, whose application in construction practicewould lead to changes and improvements in the construction industry. To verify andapply the framework in future construction projects, the author developed the PPRiskcomputer programme as IT support.Before showing how the framework was developed, there is a survey of what hasbeen written on the subject and a systematic analysis of risk management, risk inconstruction and process in construction. This led to the conclusion that realising aconstruction project is a process and that the risk management process should besubordinated to the construction process. A new approach was therefore introducedto managing risks: process-driven risk management. This approach will give all theparticipants in the project better understanding of the construction process, enablechanges in the construction industry, and contribute to improvement of quality andefficiency in construction.An analysis of published plans of work showed that the Construction ProcessProtocol, developed at the University of Salford under the leadership of ProfessorR. Cooper, is suitable and appropriate as a construction process in which theframework for process-driven risk management can be placed.Process-driven risk management implies a cyclical risk management process in allthe phases through which the construction project passes according to ProcessProtocol. Key risks are identified in the framework, which are independent of thesize, type and purpose of the project being realized. Project related risks should beseparately identified for each specific project. Depending on available data,quantitative and qualitative analysis is carried out for the identified risks, their riskprobability and risk impact determined, and the corresponding risk exposurecalculated. Then the adequate risk response is given for each identified risk,depending on its exposure. As the process unfolds new risks appear in each phaseand the risk management process begins a new

Perpetración en la Violencia de Pareja Adolescente: Abuso infantil, impulsividad, agresión reactiva y proactiva, actitudes. ¿Procesos automáticos o complejos?

To understand perpetration in Adolescent Partner Violence (APV), it is necessary to know how certain environmental factors affect socio-cognitive processes underlying perpetration in APV. However, models that consider socio-cognitive mediators and environmental factors have been poorly integrated into the study of APV, raising the question: How different traits, responses/actions and attitudes involved in socio-cognitive processes can explain the relationship between child abuse and perpetration in APV? The aim of the study was to gain insight into the socio-cognitive processes in the relationship between child abuse and perpetration in VPA by examining the degree of association between child abuse, impulsivity, reactive aggression, proactive aggression, attitudes toward VPA, and perpetration toward a partner.Para comprender la perpetración en la Violencia de Pareja Adolescente (VPA), es necesario conocer cómo ciertos factores ambientales inciden en procesos sociocognitivos subyacentes a la perpetración en la VPA. No obstante, los modelos que contemplan mediadores sociocognitivos y factores ambientales han sido poco integrados al estudio de la VPA, emergiendo la pregunta: ¿Cómo distintos  rasgos, respuestas/acciones y actitudes implicadas en los procesos sociocognitivos pueden explicar la relación entre el abuso infantil y la perpetración en la VPA? El objetivo del estudio fue conocer los procesos sociocognitivos en la relación entre abuso infantil y perpetración en la VPA al examinar el grado de asociación entre abuso infantil, impulsividad, agresión reactiva, agresión proactiva, actitudes hacia la VPA y perpetración hacia la pareja

Stress evolution in the metal layers of TSVs with Bosch scallops

a b s t r a c t We have studied the stress evolution in the tungsten film of a particular open TSV technology during the thermal processing cycle. The film is attached to the via's wall, where scallops were observed as a result of the Bosch processing. Our work describes a scheme which considers the scallops on the TSV and conjugates a stress model for thin-films with the traditional mechanical FEM approach. The results reveal potential reliability issues and a specific evolution of the stress in the tungsten layer

The Pfam protein families database

Pfam is a comprehensive collection of protein domains and families, represented as multiple sequence alignments and as profile hidden Markov models. The current release of Pfam (22.0) contains 9318 protein families. Pfam is now based not only on the UniProtKB sequence database, but also on NCBI GenPept and on sequences from selected metagenomics projects. Pfam is available on the web from the consortium members using a new, consistent and improved website design in the UK (http://pfam.sanger.ac.uk/), the USA (http://pfam.janelia.org/) and Sweden (http://pfam.sbc.su.se/), as well as from mirror sites in France (http://pfam.jouy.inra.fr/) and South Korea (http://pfam.ccbb.re.kr/)

Sedation, temperature and pressure after cardiac arrest and resuscitation—The STEPCARE trial: A statistical analysis plan

Background: Basic management for patients who have suffered a cardiac arrest and are admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) after resuscitation includes setting targets for blood pressure and managing sedation and temperature. However, optimal targets and management are unknown. Methods: The STEPCARE (Sedation, Temperature and Pressure after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation) trial is a multicenter, parallel‐group, randomized, factorial, superiority trial in which sedation, temperature, and blood pressure strategies will be studied in three separate comparisons (SED‐CARE, TEMP‐CARE, and MAP‐CARE). The trial population will be adults admitted to intensive care who are comatose after resuscitation from out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. The primary outcome will be all‐cause mortality, and the secondary outcomes will be poor functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale 4–6), Health‐Related Quality of Life using EQ‐VAS, and specific serious adverse events in the intensive care unit predefined for each trial. All outcomes will be assessed at 6 months after randomization. The prognosticators, outcome assessors, statisticians, data managers, steering group, and manuscript writers will be blinded to treatment allocation. This statistical analysis plan includes a comprehensive description of the statistical analyses, handling of missing data, and assessments of underlying statistical assumptions. Analyses will be conducted according to the intention‐to‐treat principle, that is, all randomized participants with available data will be included. The analyses will be performed independently by two statisticians following the present plan. Conclusion: This statistical analysis plan describes the statistical analyses for the STEPCARE trial in detail. The aim of this predefined statistical analysis plan is to minimize the risk of analysis bias

Fever management with or without a temperature control device after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest and resuscitation (TEMP‐CARE): A study protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Background: Fever is associated with brain injury after cardiac arrest. It is unknown whether fever management with a feedback‐controlled device impacts patient‐centered outcomes in cardiac arrest patients. This trial aims to investigate fever management with or without a temperature control device after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest. Methods: The TEMP‐CARE trial is part of the 2 × 2 × 2 factorial Sedation, Temperature and Pressure after Cardiac Arrest and REsuscitation (STEPCARE) trial, a randomized, international, multicenter, parallel‐group, investigator‐initiated, superiority trial that will evaluate sedation strategies, temperature management, and blood pressure targets simultaneously in nontraumatic/nonhemorrhagic out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest patients following hospital admission. For the temperature management component of the trial described in this protocol, patients will be randomly allocated to fever management with or without a feedback‐controlled temperature control device. For those managed with a device, if temperature ≥37.8°C occurs within 72 h post‐randomization the device will be started targeting a temperature of ≤37.5°C. Standard fever treatment, as recommended by local guidelines, including pharmacological agents, will be provided to participants in both groups. The two other components of the STEPCARE trial evaluate sedation and blood pressure strategies. Apart from the STEPCARE trial interventions, all other aspects of general intensive care will be according to the local practices of the participating site. A physician blinded to the intervention will determine the neurological prognosis following European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines. The primary outcome is all‐cause mortality at six months post‐randomization. To detect a 5.6% absolute risk reduction (90% power, alpha .05), 3500 participants will be enrolled. Secondary outcomes include poor functional outcome at six months, intensive care‐related serious adverse events, and overall health status at six months. Conclusion: The TEMP‐CARE trial will investigate if post‐cardiac arrest management of fever with or without a temperature control device affects patient‐important outcomes after cardiac arrest

Continuous deep sedation versus minimal sedation after cardiac arrest and resuscitation (SED‐CARE): A protocol for a randomized clinical trial

Background: Sedation is often provided to resuscitated out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients to tolerate post‐cardiac arrest care, including temperature management. However, the evidence of benefit or harm from routinely administered deep sedation after cardiac arrest is limited. The aim of this trial is to investigate the effects of continuous deep sedation compared to minimal sedation on patient‐important outcomes in resuscitated OHCA patients in a large clinical trial. Methods: The SED‐CARE trial is part of the 2 × 2 × 2 factorial Sedation, Temperature and Pressure after Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation (STEPCARE) trial, a randomized international, multicentre, parallel‐group, investigator‐initiated, superiority trial with three simultaneous intervention arms. In the SED‐CARE trial, adults with sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) who are comatose following resuscitation from OHCA will be randomized within 4 hours to continuous deep sedation (Richmond agitation and sedation scale (RASS) −4/−5) (intervention) or minimal sedation (RASS 0 to −2) (comparator), for 36 h after ROSC. The primary outcome will be all‐cause mortality at 6 months after randomization. The two other components of the STEPCARE trial evaluate sedation and temperature control strategies. Apart from the STEPCARE trial interventions, all other aspects of general intensive care will be according to the local practices of the participating site. Neurological prognostication will be performed according to European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines by a physician blinded to the allocation group. To detect an absolute risk reduction of 5.6% with an alpha of 0.05, 90% power, 3500 participants will be enrolled. The secondary outcomes will be the proportion of participants with poor functional outcomes 6 months after randomization, serious adverse events in the intensive care unit, and patient‐reported overall health status 6 months after randomization. Conclusion: The SED‐CARE trial will investigate if continuous deep sedation (RASS −4/−5) for 36 h confers a mortality benefit compared to minimal sedation (RASS 0 to −2) after cardiac arrest