Incidencia de factores sociodemográficos en las actitudes ante la lectura del alumnado de secundaria

The socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of the high school students determine their possibilities to change their attitude towards the reading and, in this way, encourage their reading habit. A program of workshops to inspire Reading carried out in an educational compensation center shows how a relationship between sociodemographic factors and the change happened with their reading habit is established. This methodology is introduced in the classroom as a tool that intends to produce a transformation in their literary education through playful elements, which are required in the necessary contexts of social transformation. An attitude towards reading are the first aspects that must be positively modified to strengthen the relationship between books and students and thus, encourage the reading as an habit. Therefore, the knowloedge of the social and family influential environment will contribute to the application of this methodology in the classroom, enhancing or mitigating the effects of this relationship.Las características socioeconómicas y culturales del alumnado de secundaria condicionan sus posibilidades para cambiar su actitud ante la lectura y fomentar así su hábito lector. Una investigación desarrollada en un centro de compensación educativa muestra cómo se establece una relación entre los factores sociodemográficos y los cambios que se producen en su relación con la lectura tras la realización de un programa de talleres de animación lectora. Esta metodología se introduce en el aula como herramienta que pretende producir una transformación en la educación literaria a través de elementos lúdicos, los cuales son imprescindibles en contextos necesitados de transformación social. Las actitudes ante la lectura son los primeros aspectos que deben ser modificados positivamente para potenciar la relación entre los libros y el alumnado y fomentar así el hábito lector. Por lo tanto, conocer qué aspectos sociales y familiares influyen contribuirá en una mejor aplicación de esta metodología en el aula, potenciando o mitigando los efectos derivados de esta relación

El léxico y la enseñanza de la lengua: innovación y propuestas didácticas a partir del análisis de un método de enseñanza de español

La actual didáctica del léxico en enseñanza secundaria no está planificada ni es valorada, a pesar de la importancia del vocabulario en el aprendizaje de la lengua materna. Mediante el análisis de la metodología de un manual de enseñanza de lengua castellana y literatura en educación secundaria conoceremos las ventajas del sistema y los aspectos que se pueden revisar, para a continuación realizar propuestas didácticas con el fin de mejorar la adquisición del léxico por parte del alumnado. Basándonos en el enfoque comunicativo y en las deficiencias encontradas en el manual analizado, como la existencia de actividades tradicionales y de corte estructuralista, expondremos la necesidad de un cambio en la enseñanza del léxico, que debe ser planificada y contextualizada

Space-Time Hopfion Crystals

Hopfions, higher-dimensional topological quasiparticles with sophisticated 3D knotted spin textures discovered in condensed matter and photonic systems, show promise in high-density data storage and transfer. Here we present crystalline structures of hopfions lying in space-time constructed by spatiotemporally structured light. A practical methodology using bichromatic structured light beams or dipole arrays to assemble 1D and higher dimensional hopfion lattices is proposed and a technique for tailoring topological orders is elucidated. The birth of photonic hopfion crystals heralds a new era in high-dimensional, condensed, and robust topological information processing.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figure

Impact of Reading Animation in Improving Written Competence: An Investigation with Immigrant Students

La animación a la lectura de textos literarios es una herramienta metodológica que puede utilizarse con diferentes finalidades en el contexto escolar. Una de ellas es la mejora de la expresión escrita y, en concreto, del dominio de las propiedades textuales. En este trabajo se detallan los resultados de una investigación realizada en la enseñanza secundaria en un contexto de compensación educativa con alumnado inmigrante. Además de otras medidas de apoyo, con estos estudiantes se pusieron en práctica propuestas de escritura creativa vinculadas a las lecturas realizadas como parte de su proceso de aprendizaje del español como segunda lengua.Promotion of reading of literary texts is a methodological tool that can be used for different purposes in the school context. One of them is the improvement of written expression, and, particularly, of the domain of the textual properties. In this work the results of an investigation carried out in the secondary school under a context of educational compensation with immigrant students are outlined. In addition to other measures of support, with this students were put into practice creative writing proposals linked to the readings made as part of their learning process of Spanish as a second language

Sequential effects of spent coffee grounds on soil physical properties

Spent coffee grounds are a bio-residue studied as soil organic amendment and it has been proven that it has short-term effects on soil physical properties. However, its sequential effects on the cultivation of clayey soils are little studied. Therefore, an in vitro experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of increasing doses (1%, 2%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% and 15%) of spent coffee grounds on the physical properties of a clayey soil in the Spanish Mediterranean area which is rich in smectites. The addition of spent coffee grounds increased water retention at −33 and −1500 kPa proportionally to the added amounts, but the increase in the wilting point was much larger than the field water capacity, decreasing the plant available water content. A non-linear influence on the aggregate size is demonstrated. It increased total porosity and consequently reduced soil bulk density. This fact was reflected in the stereomicroscopy images where an increase in the pores analysed with image analysis was observed. Furthermore, SEM images corroborate that spent coffee grounds act intensely in the short-term due to the interaction between their particles and those of clay. The 5% dose acted as a threshold dose from which the greatest effects on soil physical properties occur. In general, the use of SCG as an organic amendment is a good sustainable solution because it supposes a reuse of this bio-residue (15 million tons per year), an increase in soil organic carbon (SCG contains ≈ 50% carbon) and an improvement of the soil physical and chemical properties.Andalusian Ministry of Economic Transformation, Knowledge Industry and Universitie

Seeds as Potential Sources of Phenolic Compounds and Minerals for the Indian Population

PThis study was funded by the University Grant Commission through grant No. F.181/2011(BSR)2016 under a basic science research (BSR) fellowship awarded to KSP.Seeds are major sources of nutrients and bioactive compounds for human beings. In this work, the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of 155 Indian seeds (belonging to 49 families) are reported. Moisture and ash were measured with reference protocols from AOAC; total polyphenols and flavonoids were measured with spectrophotometric methods after extraction with organic solvents, and mineral elements were determined by X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry. Total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and mineral contents (Al, Ba, Ca, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, P, Rb, S, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were found to vary in the ranges 182–5000, 110–4465 and 687–7904 mg/100 g (DW), respectively. Noticeably, polyphenol contents higher than 2750 mg/100 g were observed in 18 seeds. In addition, mineral contents >5000 mg/100 g were detected in the seeds from Cuminum cyminum, Foeniculum vulgare, Commiphora wightii, Parkia javanica, Putranjiva roxburghii, Santalum album and Strychnos potatorum. Botanical and taxonomical variations in the proximate characteristics of the examined seeds are also discussed.University Grants Commission, India F.181/2011(BSR)201

Hydrochars Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds as Zn Bio-Chelates for Agronomic Biofortification

Previous studies have attributed both phytotoxicity and the capacity to mobilize nutrient elements to the presence of polyphenols and melanoidins in spent coffee grounds (SCG) and SCG-hydrochars obtained through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). This work aimed to evaluate SCG and two SCG-hydrochars obtained at 160 and 200 °C that were functionalized with Zn salts (bio-chelates), to achieve the in vitro biofortification of lettuce. Two application modes were established: (1) a fixed Zn concentration of 10 mg kg−1 of soil and (2) a fixed dose of 0.5% bio-product. Soil alone (control A) and commercial chelates (control B) were used as controls. Outcomes showed that SCG-hydrochars retain the capacity to mobilize Zn compared to SCG. However, the chelating capacity was reduced (Zn: 94%) and the toxicity was significantly increased (p < 0.05) with higher temperatures of HTC (200 °C). Both fresh and dry lettuce weights were less affected at doses of 0.5% of bio-product and registered a maximum increase of 136% of Zn in the plant content. The present study approaches the possibility of using these by-products as bioinorganic fertilizers at subtoxic doses, although more research is neededPY20_00585 from FEDER and RDPTC-2018 (AT17_6096_OTRI UGR) from the Andalusia n Ministry of Economic Transformation, Knowledge, Industry and Universities

Optical skyrmions from metafibers

Optical skyrmions are an emerging class of structured light with sophisticated particle-like topologies with great potential for revolutionizing modern informatics. However, the current generation of optical skyrmions involves complex or bulky systems, hindering their development of practical applications. Here, exploiting the emergent "lab-on-fiber" technology, we demonstrate the design of a metafiber-integrated photonic skyrmion generator. We not only successfully generated high-quality optical skyrmions from metafibers, but also experimentally verified their remarkable properties, such as regulability and topological stability with deep-subwavelength features beyond the diffraction limits. Our flexible and fiber-integrated optical skyrmions platform paves the avenue for future applications of topologically-enhanced remote super-resolution microscopy and super-robust information transfer

Biofortification of Cucumbers with Iron Using Bio-Chelates Derived from Spent Coffee Grounds: A Greenhouse Trial

The transformation of spent coffee grounds (SCGs) into hydrochars has been extensively studied in recent years to explore their potential in biofortifying foods and mitigating the plant toxicity associated with SCGs. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of adding activated (ASCG and AH160) and functionalized SCGs, as well as SCG-derived hydrochars (ASCG-Fe and AH160-Fe), on cucumber production and plant iron content. To achieve this, SCGs and SCG-derived hydrochars activated and functionalized with Fe were incorporated into cucumber crops grown in a greenhouse over multiple harvests. Among the treatments, SCG-Fe proved to be the most promising for cucumber production, yielding an average of 25 kg of cumulative production per treatment across three harvests. Regarding iron content, the average results across all harvests showed that SCGs and functionalized SCG-hydrochars matched the performance of the commercial chelate (0.108 vs. 0.11 mg Fe/100 g fresh weight). However, in subsequent harvests, iron appeared to leach out, with the activated bio-products (ASCG and AH160) leaving the highest iron reserves in the soil. Additionally, the hydrochar activated at 160 ºC demonstrated the highest utilization efficiency. In conclusion, the incorporation of SCG residues and second-generation residues (hydrochars) shows promise as agents for biofortifying cucumbers.Plan propio de Investigación y Transferencia of the University of Granada under the program “Intensificación de la Investigación, modalidad B”Research project P20_00585 from Consejería de Economía, Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad of the Andalusia Governmen

Why Should We Be Concerned with the Use of Spent Coffee Grounds as an Organic Amendment of Soils? A Narrative Review

Spent coffee grounds (SCG) are produced in massive amounts throughout the world as a bio-residue from coffee brewing. However, SCG are rich in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, bioactive compounds and melanoidins, which are macromolecules with chelating properties. Additionally, SCG have showed potential applications in several fields such as biotechnology (bioethanol, volatile aromatic compounds, carotenoids, fungi and enzymes), energy production (combustion, pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, hydrothermal carbonization) and environmental sciences (composting). This review will focus on the last of these applications. SCG improve soil quality by increasing their chemical, physicochemical, physical properties and biological fertility. However, SCG inhibit plant growth at very low concentrations (1%) due to i. the stimulation of microbial growth and consequent competition for soil nitrogen between soil microorganisms and plant roots; ii. the presence of phytotoxic compounds in SCG, such as polyphenols. The SCG transformations that have proven to eliminate these compounds are vermicomposting and pyrolysis at 400 degrees C. However, it has been pointed out by some studies that these compounds are responsible for the chelating properties of SCG, which makes their elimination not recommended. The use of SCG as biochelates has also been studied, generating a residue-micronutrient mixture for the biofortification of edible plants.Andalusian Ministry of Economic Transformation, Knowledge Industry and Universities PY20_00585Plan Propio de Investigacion y Transferencia of the University of Granada under the program "Intensificacion de la Investigacion, modalidad B