Concepts in international relations

As teorias de relações internacionais não são isentas nem imparciais, visto que estão vinculadas a interesses, valores e padrões de conduta das sociedades onde são elaboradas e descartam esses fatores de outras sociedades. As teorias que servem ao primeiro mundo não são necessariamente convenientes para os países emergentes. O artigo propõe substituir teorias por conceitos aplicados ao estudo das relações internacionais. Os conceitos expõem o lastro nacional ou regional sobre os quais se assentam. A experiência brasileira corresponde ao campo de observação desta pesquisa. O conjunto de conceitos elaborados sugere outros estudos de caso. A nova abordagem das relações internacionais visa prover explicação, orientar projetos de pesquisa e formar a inteligência dirigente. ___________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTTheories of International Relations are neither free from bias nor impartial. They are linked to specific interests, values, and patterns of conduct in certain societies which constitute their field of observation. They discard these factors of other societies. So, the theories which serve the First World are not convenient, necessarily, to emerging countries. This text proposes to substitute theories by concepts applied to the field of the study of international relations. Concepts expose the national or regional roots on which they stand. The Brazilian experience furnishes the observation base for the study’s data gathering. This collection of concepts has two functions historically attributed to theory courses: providing explanations and values

Reforms of constitutions in South America

O artigo trata das mudanças políticas na América do Sul. Nesse sentido, aborda a transformação do Estado via reforma constitucional. _________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe article deals with the political changes in South America. It discusses the transformation of the State through a constitutional reform

Virtual sector profiles for innovation sharing in process industry : sector 01: chemicals

Production data in process industry are proprietary to a company since they are key to the process design and technology expertise. However, data confidentiality restrains industry from sharing results and advancing developments in and across process sectors. Using virtual profiles that simulate the typical operating modes of a given process industry offers an elegant solution for a company to share information with the outside world. This paper proposes a generic methodology to create sector blueprints and applies it to the chemicals industry. It details the profile of a typical chemical site based on essential units and realistic data gathered from existing refineries and chemical plants

A periodização da história da política externa brasileira

O artigo analisa como e por que os historiadores periodizaram a história da política externa brasileira, e quais os prós e contras dessa mudança

The effect of exposure to low frequency electromagnetic fields (EMF) as an integral part of the housing system on anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare in two strains of laboratory mouse.

Electromagnetic field (EMF) technology has the potential to improve scientific data capture and welfare assessment by allowing automated data collection from individual cages. How- ever, it is important to determine any impact that a new technology itself may have on animal welfare, and previous studies have found contrasting results of EMF on laboratory rodent anxiety-like behaviour and cognition. We therefore investigated whether there was an effect of low frequency EMF experienced continuously over a six-week period, as an integral part of the animal housing system, on measures of mouse anxiety-related behaviour, cognition and welfare. We housed mice (N = 80) of two strains (BALB/cAnNCrl and C57BL/6NCrl) separately in Individually Ventilated Cages (IVCs) in groups of four, either with the EMF plate turned ‘on’ or ‘off’ (n = 5). Some measures, e.g. food and water utilisation, were col- lected at regular intervals, whereas measures of anxiety-like behaviour (e.g. open field test) and cognitive performance (novel-object recognition test) were collected only at the end of the study. We found expected strong strain differences in most measures, e.g. latency to leave the starting square in an open field test, with C57BL/6NCrl mice moving away sooner, and interactions between strain and time for those measures recorded at more than one time point, e.g. significant weight gain over time for both strains, but with BALB/cAnNCrl mice weighing more. However, we found no significant effects of treatment (EMF ‘on’/‘off’) for any of the measures collected. These results indicate that, for the measures recorded here, there was no measurable impact on the behaviour and welfare of low frequency EMF exposure experienced continuously over a six-week period. Housing systems that include EMF monitoring technology may therefore be suitable for use without influencing either ani- mal welfare or scientific outcomes

Direct-acting antivirals and visceral leishmaniasis: A case report

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by protozoa belonging to the genus Leishmania. The clinical presentation of visceral leishmaniasis strictly depends on the host immunocompetency, whereas depressive conditions of the immune system impair the capability to resolve the infection and allow reactivation from sites of latency of the parasite. Case presentation: We describe a case of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that occurred in a patient with chronic hepatitis C treated with direct-acting antiviral drugs (DAA). The hypothesized mechanism is the alteration of protective inflammation mechanisms secondary to DAA therapy. Downregulation of type II and III IFNs, their receptors, which accompany HCV clearance achieved during treatment with sofosbuvir and ribavirin might have a negative impact on a risk for reactivation of a previous Leishmania infection. We know indeed that IFN-\u3b3 is important to enhance killing mechanisms in macrophages, which are the primary target cells of Leishmania. Conclusion: Since VL is endemic in Sicily as well as in other countries of the Mediterranean basin, physicians should be aware of the possible unmasking of cryptic Leishmania infection by DAAs

Sonhos: Cinema e Psicanálise

Trabalho apresentado no 31º SEURS - Seminário de Extensão Universitária da Região Sul, realizado em Florianópolis, SC, no período de 04 a 07 de agosto de 2013 - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.o projeto Sonhos: cinema e psicanálise é uma atividade do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Psicanálise e Cinema (NUPPCINE), que visa analisar os diversos recursos adotados por diretores de cinema, com o intuito de transpor para as telas a vida onírica. Tal atividade promove a apresentação mensal de um clássico do cinema e, ato contínuo, o debate do filme. Até o momento, trabalhamos três das oito películas selecionadas. As reflexões têm sido muito ricas, com intensa participação do público. Questões referentes à técnica cinematográfica, à teoria e à clínica psicanalítica, à colocação em imagens de temas complexos (como a morte e o voyeurismo, por exemplo), assim como os efeitos subjetivos dessa mídia do século XX, dentre outras, têm sido comentadas