The Social Factors of College Lifestyle that may Cause Weight Gain in Undergraduate Students

The college life is a one of a kind experience. It is usually the first time students move away from their families and become independent. It is also a time for experimentation. Many students begin to figure out who they are by getting involved in school activities, and meeting new people. It is important to make friends and meet new people in college, and for many this is done by partying at night. College is a time of change: many begin to pick up habits, such as drinking, to deal with the change. This time of change includes social problems as well as academic, problems, which can be very stressful and tough for students to manage. As a result of these changes; body weight, dietary habits and overall fitness start to change, in many cases spiraling downward. Studies have been done focusing on college students and weight gain. In this paper I focus on the social factors of college lifestyle correlated with weight gain in college students. Weight gain is caused by poor eating choices and exercising habits, heavy drinking of alcohol and increased stress levels. It is important to study the causes of weight gain in this particular group because they contribute to the tremendous rise of obesity in the United States (CDC, 2007). Another reason this is sociologically important is because the culture of college is one like no other. College is a time of learning, growth and development. Students engage in activities that they perhaps would not have participated in before or after college. These habits that students create during the years of college may stay with them in the future. These habits tend to be created during freshman year

Rule 10b-5: The Rejection of the Birnbaum Doctrine by Eason v. General Motors Acceptance Corp. and the Need for a New Limitation on Damages

Det är viktigt att vägarna håller så länge som möjligt. En faktor som har en påverkan i asfaltens långvarighet är bitumen. När bitumenet föråldras försämras dess egenskaper som ökar risken att skador uppstår på asfalten. Med hjälp av olika tillsatser kan bitumenets egenskaper förbättras. En av dessa egenskaper är bitumenåldring. Sammanlagt finns det tre olika skeden i bitumenåldring. Av dessa tre skeden kommer tillverknings- och användningsskedet att undersökas. I detta examensarbete kommer tre olika tillsatsers påverkan i bitumenföråldring att undersökas. Detta kommer utföras genom laborationer där olika metoder som penetration, mjukpunkt, fraass brytpunkt, DSR, Iatroscan, GPC och FTIR kommer användas. Det kommer också utföras styvhetestester på de tillverkade asfaltskropparna. Resultaten som tas fram i detta examensarbete tyder på att Rediseten har bäst värden avseende åldring utav bitumen. Men detta tros inte vara på grund av tillsatsens inverkan i bitumen utan möjligheten att sänka temperaturen vid tillverkningen av asfalten.It is important that roads last as long as possible. One factor that has a prolonged effect on asphalt is bitumen. When bitumen ages the characteristics deteriorates which increases the risk for damages on the asphalt. With the help of different additives the characteristics of bitumen could improve. One of these characteristics is bitumen aging. There are three different stages in bitumen aging. Of these three stages will the production and user stage be examined. In this thesis will three additives effect on bitumen aging be examined. This will be performed by doing laboratory experiments where different methods will be used such as penetration, softening point, fraass breaking point, DSR, latroscan, GPC and FTIR. Stiffness tests will be made on the constructed asphalt bodies. Results in this thesis interprets that Rediset has the best values when it comes to aging of bitumen. It is not believed to be the additives effect in the bitumen but the fact that the additive gives the opportunity to lower the temperature during the production of the asphalt

Finite Volume Method for the Relativistic Burgers Model on a (1+1)-Dimensional de Sitter Spacetime

Several generalizations of the relativistic models of Burgers equations have recently been established and developed on different spacetime geometries. In this work, we take into account the de Sitter spacetime geometry, introduce our relativistic model by a technique based on the vanishing pressure Euler equations of relativistic compressible fluids on a (1+1)-dimensional background and construct a second order Godunov type finite volume scheme to examine numerical experiments within an analysis of the cosmological constant. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the method for solutions containing shock and rarefaction waves

Cointegration and Extreme Value Analyses of Bovespa and the Istanbul Stock Exchange

This paper investigates the long-term financial integration and bivariate extreme dependence between Bovespa and the Istanbul Stock Exchange. While a static cointegration test presents no evidence of long-term cointegration, the introduction of a structural break into the model shows that Bovespa and the ISE were cointegrated following the local crisis in Turkey in 2000. Dynamic cointegration tests and DCC-GARCH analysis also reveal that Bovespa and the ISE reacted strongly not only to systemic crises as expected, but also unexpectedly to local crises in each other. This shows that equity prices in two emerging markets in distant regions of the world can co-move in the absence of significant trade and financial linkages. This suggests that there are underlying processes that affect equity prices other than trade, financial linkages, macroeconomic ties, and FDI as the prior literature suggests. While episodic cointegration is found for Bovespa and the ISE, the extremes of these markets still possess asymptotic independence, suggesting diversification opportunities.cointegration, structural break, dynamic conditional correlations, bivariate extreme value, emerging markets, Turkey, Brazil

Realization of a ROIC for 72x4 PV-IR detectors

Silicon Readout Integrated Circuits (ROIC) for HgCdTe Focal Plane Arrays of 1x4 and 72x4 photovoltaic detectors are represented. The analog circuit blocks are completely identical for both, while the digital control circuit is modified to take into account the larger array size. The manufacturing technology is 0.35μm, double poly-Si, three-metal CMOS process. ROIC structure includes four elements TDI functioning with a super sampling rate of 3, bidirectional scanning, dead pixel de-selection, automatic gain adjustment in response to pixel deselection besides programmable four gain setting (up to 2.58pC storage), and programmable integration time. ROIC has four outputs with a dynamic range of 2.8V (from 1.2V to 4V) for an output load of 10pF capacitive in parallel with 1MΩ resistance, and operates at a clock frequency of 5 MHz. The input referred noise is less than 1037 μV with 460 fF integration capacitor, corresponding to 2978 electrons

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system-based backcalculation approach to airport pavement structural analysis

This paper describes the application of adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) methodology for the backcalculation of airport flexible pavement layer moduli. The proposed ANFIS-based backcalculation approach employs a hybrid learning procedure to construct a non-linear input-output mapping based on qualitative aspects of human knowledge and pavement engineering experience incorporated in the form of fuzzy if-then rules as well as synthetically generated Finite Element (FE) based pavement modeling solutions in the form of input-output data pairs. The developed neuro-fuzzy backcalculation methodology was evaluated using hypothetical data as well as extensive non-destructive field deflection data acquired from a state-of-the-art full-scale airport pavement test facility. It was shown that the ANFIS based backcalculation approach inherits the fundamental capability of a fuzzy model to especially deal with nonrandom uncertainties, vagueness, and imprecision associated with non-linear inverse analysis of transient pavement surface deflection measurements

Finite element based hybrid evolutionary optimization approach to solving rigid pavement inversion problem

This paper focuses on the development of a new backcalculation method for concrete road structures based on a hybrid evolutionary global optimization algorithm, namely shuffled complex evolution (SCE). Evolutionary optimization algorithms are ideally suited for intrinsically multi-modal, non-convex, and discontinuous real-world problems such as pavement backcalculation because of their ability to explore very large and complex search spaces and locate the globally optimal solution using a parallel search mechanism as opposed to a point-by-point search mechanism employed by traditional optimization algorithms. SCE, a type of evolutionary optimization algorithms based on the tradeoff of exploration and exploitation, has proved to be an efficient method for many global optimization problems and in some cases it does not suffer the difficulties encountered by other evolutionary computation techniques. The SCE optimization approach is hybridized with a neural networks surrogate finite-element based forward pavement response model to enable rapid computation of global or near-global pavement layer moduli solutions. The proposed rigid pavement backcalculation model is evaluated using field non-destructive test data acquired from a full-scale airport pavement test facility

Stiffness characterisation of full-scale airfield test pavements using computational intelligence techniques

The falling weight deflectometer (FWD) is a non-destructive test equipment used to assess the structural condition of highway and airfield pavement systems and to determine the moduli of pavement layers. The backcalculated moduli are not only good pavement layer condition indicators but are also necessary inputs for conducting mechanistic based pavement structural analysis. In this study, artificial neural networks (ANNs)-based backcalculation models were employed to rapidly and accurately predict flexible airport pavement layer moduli from realistic FWD deflection basins acquired at the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration\u27s National Airport Pavement Test Facility (NAPTF). The uniformity characteristics of NAPTF flexible pavements were successfully mapped using the ANN predictions