The Design and Fabrication of Platform Device for Dna Amplification

Thermalcycler were extensively used machine for amplify DNA sample. One of the major problems in the working time was that it spent most of time for cooling and heating. In order to improve the efficient, this study presented a novel method for amplify DNA sample. For this concept, the DNA sample in the silicon chamber which was pushed by a beam through three temperature regions around a center and then the DNA segments could be amplified rapidly after 30 cycles. The polymerase chain reaction platform was composed of thin-film heaters, copper plates, DC powers, and temperature controllers. The photolithography and bulk etching technologies were utilized to construct the thin-film heater and DNA reaction chambers. Finally, 1 pound gL 100bp DNA segment of E. coli K12 was amplified successfully within 36 minutes on this PCR platform.Comment: Submitted on behalf of TIMA Editions (http://irevues.inist.fr/tima-editions

Electrical conductivity for radio-frequency fields in strongly magnetized plasmas with density fluctuations

A general investigation of the electrical conductivity for radio-frequency (RF) fields in strongly magnetized plasmas with small-scale density fluctuations is performed within the cold plasma hydrodynamical approximation. It is shown that in such plasmas an RF phenomenon similar to the Bohm diffusion exists: the presence of stochastic RF electric field in a turbulent plasma can lead to a strong enhancement of the RF currents flowing in the direction of the applied electric field components transverse to the magnetic field. The appearance of these turbulent drift currents favours energy transfer from the RF fields to the plasma and thus leads to their stronger damping. This effect allows us to interpret quantitatively the enhanced damping of the magnetosonic waves observed in several experiments. The magnetized radially inhomogeneous cylindrical plasmas in these experiments are characterized by density fluctuations due to drift instabilities. The theory has also a number of other applications; an example is given of the whistlers damped by the ionospheric density fluctuation

A discrete time relativistic Toda lattice

Four integrable symplectic maps approximating two Hamiltonian flows from the relativistic Toda hierarchy are introduced. They are demostrated to belong to the same hierarchy and to examplify the general scheme for symplectic maps on groups equiped with quadratic Poisson brackets. The initial value problem for the difference equations is solved in terms of a factorization problem in a group. Interpolating Hamiltonian flows are found for all the maps.Comment: 32 pages, LaTe

Reply to "Comment on 'Fano resonance for Anderson Impurity Systems' "

In a recent Comment, Kolf et al. (cond-mat/0503669) state that our analysis of the Fano resonance for Anderson impurity systems [Luo et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 92, 256602 (2004)] is incorrect. Here we want to point out that their comments are not based on firm physical results and their criticisms are unjustified and invalid.Comment: 1 page, 1 figure, to appear in PR

Magnetoresistance, noise properties and the Koshino-Taylor effect in the quasi-1D oxide KRu_4O_8

The low temperature electronic and galvanomagnetic transport properties of the low dimensional oxide KRu_4O_8 are experimentally considered. A quadratic temperature variation of the resistivity is observed to be proportional to the residual resistivity. It shows the role of inelastic electron scattering against impurities, i.e. a large Koshino-Taylor effect, rather than a consequence of strong electronic correlations. In the same temperature range, the Kohler rule is not fulfilled. The resistance noise increases also sharply, possibly due to a strong coupling of carriers with lattice fluctuations in this low dimensional compound.Comment: accepted for publication in Europhysics Lette

A Factorization Law for Entanglement Decay

We present a simple and general factorization law for quantum systems shared by two parties, which describes the time evolution of entanglement upon passage of either component through an arbitrary noisy channel. The robustness of entanglement-based quantum information processing protocols is thus easily and fully characterized by a single quantity.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Relationships of trace gases and aerosols and the emission characteristics at Lin'an, a rural site in eastern China, during spring 2001

We present measurements of trace gases and fine aerosols obtained from a rural site in eastern China during 18 February to 30 April 2001. The field program aimed to characterize the variations in aerosol and gaseous pollutant concentrations and the emission signatures from the inland region of eastern China in the spring season. The data included O3, CO, NO, NOy*, SO2, methane, C2-C8 nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), C 1-C2 halocarbons, and the chemical composition of PM2.5. The average hourly mixing ratios (±standard deviation) of CO, SO2, and NOy* were 677 (±315) ppbv, 15.9 (±14.6) ppbv, and 13.8 (±7.2) ppbv, respectively. The mean daytime ozone mixing ratio was 41 (± 19) ppbv. The most abundant NMHC was ethane (3189 ± 717 pptv), followed by ethyne (2475 ± 1395 pptv), ethene (1679 ± 1455 pptv), and toluene (1529 ± 1608 pptv). Methyl chloride was the most abundant halocarbon (1108 ± 653 pptv). The average concentrations of particulate organic matter (POM, as organic carbon, OC, times 1.4) and elemental carbon (EC) in PM2.5 were 21.5 (±7) μg/m3 and 2.5 (±0.7) μg/m3, respectively, and sulfate and nitrate levels were 17.3 (±6.6) and 6.5 (±4) μg/m3, respectively. CO showed moderate to good correlation with NOy* (r2 = 0.59), OC (r2 = 0.65), CH3Cl (r2 = 0.59), soluble potassium (r2 = 0.53), and many NMHCs, indicating contributions from the burning of biofuel/biomass. CO also correlated with an industrial tracer, C2Cl4, indicative of some influence from industrial sources. SO2, on the other hand, correlated well with EC (r2 = 0.56), reflecting the contribution from the burning of coal. Ammonium was sufficiently abundant to fully neutralize sulfate and nitrate, indicating that there were strong emissions of ammonia from agricultural activities. Silicon and calcium had poor correlations with iron and aluminum, revealing the presence of source(s) for Si and Ca other than from soil. Examination of C2H2/CO, C3H8/C 2H6, nitrate/(nitrate + NOy* , and sulfate/(SO2 + sulfate) suggested that relatively fresh air masses had been sampled at the study site in the spring season. Comparison of the observed ratios/slopes with those derived from emission inventories showed that while the observed SO2/NO y* ratio (1.29 ppbv/ppbv) in March was comparable (within 20%) to the inventory-derived ratio for the study region, the measured CO/NOy* slope (37 ppbv/ppbv) was about 200% larger. The observed slope of CO relative to NMHC (including ethane, propane, butanes, ethene, and ethyne) also indicated the presence of excess CO, compared to the ratios from the inventories. These results strongly suggest that emissions of CO in eastern China have been underrepresented. The findings of this study highlight the importance of characterizing trace gases and aerosols within source regions of the Asian continent. The springtime results were also compared with data previously collected at the site in 1999-2000 and with those obtained on the Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) aircraft and from a coastal site in South China for the same study period. Copyright 2004 by the American Geophysical Union

An ecological analysis of secondary school students' drug use in Hong Kong: A case-control study

Background: Youth drug use is a significant at-risk youth behaviour and remains as one of the top priorities for mental health services, researchers and policy planners. The ecological characteristics of secondary school students’ behaviour in Hong Kong are understudied. Aim: To examine individual, familial, social and environmental correlates of drug use among secondary students in Hong Kong. Method: Data were extracted from a school survey with 3078 students. Among the 3078 students, 86 students reported to have used drugs in the past 6 months. A total of 86 age- and gender-matched controls with no drug-use behaviour in the past 6 months were randomly selected from the remaining students. Multiple logistic analysis was used to examine differential correlates between those who used and did not use substance in the past 6 months. Result: Positive school experience and perspective to school and parental support are protective factors of drug use. Lower self-esteem, lower self-efficacy against using drugs and higher level of permissive attitude towards drugs were associated with drug use. Students who were low in self-esteem and rather impulsive tend to use drugs. Conclusion: To prevent students from drug use, efforts in individual, family, school and community-levels should be addressed.postprin

Gender Differences, Risk and Probability Weights in Financial Decisions

Numerous studies have shown that decision makers do not usually treat probabilities linearly. Instead, people tend to overweight small probabilities and underweight large probabilities. The purpose of this research is to investigate whether women weigh probabilities differently than men. Besides that, this research also aims to examine whether women exhibit greater financial risk aversion than men. Women are commonly stereotyped as more risk averse than men in financial decision making. To examine some of the beliefs and preferences that underlie this difference, a stratified sample of 289 working adults (144 males and 145 females) aged 20–54 were interviewed within randomly selected geographical area across Penang Island. With this field experiment, we wish to generate a more credible and accurate results as compared to previous studies that used students as their subjects. This study confirmed the findings of previous researches that men and women differ in their financial decisions. In the gain domains, men tend to overweight smaller probabilities more than women (risk seeking) and women tend to underweight larger probabilities more than men (risk averse). While in the loss domains, when the probabilities were small, women were risk averse because they tend to overweight smaller probabilities more than men. When the probability became larger, women were exhibited as risk seeking as men because both of them perceived to have low chance of losin