Transfer matrix method to study electromagnetic shower

Transfer matrix method gives underlying dynamics of a multifractal. In the present studies transfer matrix method is applied to multifractal properties of Cherenkov image from which probabilities of electromagnetic components are obtained.Comment: 7 page

Multifractal scaling of electronic transmission resonances in perfect and imperfect Fibonacci δ\delta-function potentials

We present here a detailed multifractal scaling study for the electronic transmission resonances with the system size for an infinitely large one dimensional perfect and imperfect quasiperiodic system represented by a sequence of $\delta$-function potentials. The electronic transmission resonances in the energy minibands manifest more and more fragmented nature of the transmittance with the change of system sizes. We claim that when a small perturbation is randomly present at a few number of sites, the nature of electronic states will change and this can be understood by studying the electronic transmittance with the change of system size. We report the different critical states manifested in the size variation of the transmittance corresponding to the resonant energies for both perfect and imperfect cases through multifractal scaling study for few of these resonances.Comment: 7 pages, (Hard copies of 5 figures available on request from [email protected]

Protein Modeling

Program Overview: The program is designed to answer the question How can modeling using protein visualization software and 3D printing best demonstrate links between protein structure and function? Done in collaboration with CREST and Center for BioMolecular Modelin

Chondrosarcoma of Right Upper Limb: Largest of Its Kind Operated in Our Institute

Chondrosarcoma of extremities is the second most common site for this particular bone tumor. Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy is frequently used to down stage tumor for limb-sparing surgery in locally advanced tumor, but chondrosarcoma is relatively resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and hence sometimes mutilating surgery like forequarter amputation has to be performed. In this case also, patient presented with locally advanced chondrosarcoma of right upper extremity and we had to perform forequarter amputation to achieve adequate clearance

Isolation of EPR spectra and estimation of spin-states in two-component mixtures of paramagnets

This work was supported by Sasol Ltd. SC is grateful for a St Leonard’s postgraduate fellowship by the University of St Andrews.The presence of multiple paramagnetic species can lead to overlapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals. This complication can be a critical obstacle for the use of EPR to unravel mechanisms and aid the understanding of earth abundant metal catalysis. Furthermore, redox or spin-crossover processes can result in the simultaneous presence of metal centres in different oxidation or spin states. In this contribution, pulse EPR experiments on model systems containing discrete mixtures of Cr(I) and Cr(III) or Cu(II) and Mn(II) complexes demonstrate the feasibility of the separation of the EPR spectra of these species by inversion recovery filters and the identification of the relevant spin states by transient nutation experiments. We demonstrate the isolation of component spectra and identification of spin states in a mixture of catalyst precursors. The usefulness of the approach is emphasised by monitoring the fate of the chromium species upon activation of an industrially used precatalyst system.PostprintPeer reviewe

Development of Sharkavir : A Hypothetical Inhibitor for HIV-1 Protease

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affects approximately 37 million people worldwide and results in over 1 million deaths annually. A class of drugs first developed in 1995 inhibits the enzyme HIV‐1 protease, thus preventing the maturation of an HIV precursor protein. There are now over 10 protease inhibitors available to treat HIV. Multiple mutations in the protein have made this treatment less effective. The CREST (Connecting Researchers, Educators, and STudents) team at Nova Southeastern University modeled the interaction between HIV‐1 protease and its competitive inhibitors. Darunavir is currently one of the strongest competitive inhibitors, as it binds effectively to the substrate envelope and has yielded a lower resistance for patients. The most effective treatment is a combination of two of these inhibitors: Darunavir and Ritonavir. In order to explain how these drugs work, the active site of the non‐mutated wild‐type HIV‐1 protease was depicted as a binding box model. The protease inhibitors Darunavir, Ritonavir, and our hypothetical drug, “Sharkavir” were 3D printed to show how they fit into the protease active site. Details of the wild‐type HIV‐1 protease, as well as the drugs Darunavir, and Ritonavir, were found in the Protein Data Bank files, 1T3R, 4DQF, and 1N49, respectively. Both structures were imported into Jmol: a protein visualization software. The new protease inhibitor molecule, “Sharkavir”, was designed as a combination of Darunavir and Ritonavir using Marvin Sketch: a software used to manipulate molecular structures. The molecular structure of the hypothetical drug “Sharkavir” is shown below

Diagnosis of Mycobacterium avium subsp. Paratuberculosis by dot- ELISA in buffaloes of Malwa region (Madhya Pradesh, India)

Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is an etiological agent of paratuberculosis (JD), causing chronic persistent diarrhoea in small and large ruminants. Now-a-days, it is increasingly considered as a problem which is adversely affecting animal health leading to significant economic losses to the livestock industry. Recent emerging evidences demonstrated a relationship between MAP and Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease (CD) confirming its zoonotic significance hence the present study was carried out to record the MAP infection in buffaloes of Malwa region (Madhya Pradesh) by Dot ELISA. A total of 112 serum samples of buffaloes of either sex were examined for diagnosis of MAP infection which were slaughtered at Cantonment Board slaughter house, Mhow and Nagar Nigam Indore, belonging to different places of Malwa region aged between 1 to 10 years. Out of 112 serum samples, 92 (82.14%) samples were recorded positive for Anti-MAP antibodies or MAP infection in the serum samples of buffaloes by Dot-ELISA as a serological diagnostic test

Deoxyfluorination using CuF2 : enabled by a Lewis base activating group strategy

We thank the University of St Andrews for PhD studentships (D.E.S and S.C.), GlaxoSmithKline and the University of Glasgow for financial support.Deoxyfluorination is a primary method for the formation of C–F bonds. Bespoke reagents are commonly used due to issues associated with the low reactivity of metal fluorides. Here, we report the development of a simple strategy for deoxyfluorination using first‐row transition metal fluorides that overcomes these limitations. Using CuF2 as an exemplar, activation of an O ‐alkylisourea adduct formed in situ allows effective nucleophilic fluoride transfer to a range of primary and secondary alcohols. Spectroscopic investigations have been used to probe the origin of the enhanced reactivity of CuF2 . The utility of the process towards enabling 18F‐radiolabeling is also presented.PostprintPeer reviewe