SCAM, 1997

https://poetcommons.whittier.edu/greenleafreview/1047/thumbnail.jp

Dynamique du piégeage des micropolluants métalliques au sein des zones humides artificielles traitant des eaux pluviales urbaines strictes : Etude de cas à Strasbourg, Moulins-lès-Metz et Leuville-sur-Orge

Colloque avec actes et comité de lecture. internationale.International audienceStormwater constructed wetlands (SCW) in Strasbourg (Alsace, France), Moulin-lès-Metz (Lorraine, France), and Leuville-sur-Orge (Ile-de-France, France) receive and treat exclusively runoffs from urban catchments but with different soil uses. Made up of sedimentation ponds and a vertical subsurface flow constructed wetland, the treatment facilities lead to trap several trace metal pollution. Each site belongs to different hydroclimatic areas (modified oceanic, modified continental and semi-continental) and was designed for different purposes (watercourse protection in Strasbourg and in Leuville-sur-Orge, protection of drinking water wells in Moulins-lès-Metz). The aim of this study is to explore trace metals (Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) behaviours in these SCW. We investigated trace metal trapping by determining concentrations in the systems compartments (filters media and plants). Then trace metal speciation was determined through sequencial extractions of the sediment and filter media. This allowed to determine their forms in soils and to anticipate their behaviour during physical and chemical condition changes. This study permits to obtain first results for the metals stability, to highlight a decrease of the concentrations through the SCW depth (from surficial sediment to clean filter media) and to observe a negligible metal trap in plants (mainly in roots)

A proposed regulatory and ethical framework for the application of single-case experimental design methodology in rehabilitation research and clinical practice

The use of single-case experimental design (SCED) methodology is growing across all domains of rehabilitation. SCED methodology may be used for several different purposes, which creates confusion about its ethical, legal and regulatory status. We will argue that aspects of SCED methodology can be helpful in clinical practice to determine the optimal treatment for a given person. Given the use of SCED methods in research, clinicians may assume that ethics committee approval is required, though this is not necessarily the case given that SCED methods may, under certain circumstances, be considered as evidence-based clinical practice, rather than generalizable research. In this paper, we aim to raise awareness of the principles and legal/ethical framework of SCEDs, and we propose a series of position points that could help researchers/ethics review boards to determine whether a SCED is “research” or “evidence-based person-specific clinical practice”, based on its design and purpose. We aim to clarify how the features of SCED methodology - baseline length and content, repeated measurement, randomization, and blinding - impact SCED categorization. A secondary objective is to provide recommendations for universities and training institutes to help trainees undertaking SCED studies to use appropriate methodologies that comply with the proposed regulatory framework

A Review of Non-Invasive Techniques to Detect and Predict Localised Muscle Fatigue

Muscle fatigue is an established area of research and various types of muscle fatigue have been investigated in order to fully understand the condition. This paper gives an overview of the various non-invasive techniques available for use in automated fatigue detection, such as mechanomyography, electromyography, near-infrared spectroscopy and ultrasound for both isometric and non-isometric contractions. Various signal analysis methods are compared by illustrating their applicability in real-time settings. This paper will be of interest to researchers who wish to select the most appropriate methodology for research on muscle fatigue detection or prediction, or for the development of devices that can be used in, e.g., sports scenarios to improve performance or prevent injury. To date, research on localised muscle fatigue focuses mainly on the clinical side. There is very little research carried out on the implementation of detecting/predicting fatigue using an autonomous system, although recent research on automating the process of localised muscle fatigue detection/prediction shows promising results

Place de l'acupuncture dans les douleurs cicatricielles du périnée post-accouchement

Acupuncture obstétricaleActuellement, dans la prise en charge de la douleur, l’acupuncture peut être considérée comme une alternative ou un complément aux autres propositions thérapeutiques. Ce mémoire se propose d’être une étude de l’acupuncture sur le traitement des douleurs cicatricielles périnéales du post-partum. Selon les tableaux cliniques rencontrés dans cette période une proposition de points d’acupuncture sera envisagée pour rééquilibrer et traiter la patiente globalement et localemen

Cerebral bases of dementia with Lewy bodies : a multimodal MRI study

Deuxième pathologie neurodégénérative cognitive la plus fréquente après la maladie d’Alzheimer (MA), lamaladie à corps de Lewy (MCL) demeure pourtant mal connue et constitue encore aujourd’hui un réelchallenge, à la fois sur les plans clinique et scientifique et en matière de santé publique. L’imagerie parrésonance magnétique (IRM), technique non invasive et multimodale, constitue une approche particulièrementprometteuse pour enrichir la compréhension des mécanismes cérébraux sous-jacents à cette maladie. Dans lecadre de ce travail de thèse, nous nous sommes intéressés aux modifications cérébrales fonctionnelles,structurelles et microstructurelles survenant chez les patients MCL aux stades précoces, comparés à despatients MA et des sujets sains âgés, et à leur liens avec certains symptômes-clés de la MCL tels que lesfluctuations cognitives. Les études réalisées comprenaient des analyses de connectivité fonctionnelle au coursd’un paradigme visuoperceptif et à l’état de repos, des analyses morphométriques, ainsi que des analysesquantitatives multiparamétriques. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence chez les patients MCL aux stadesprécoces des perturbations de la connectivité fonctionnelle au repos entre le réseau de saillance, le réseau pardéfaut et les réseaux attentionnels, probablement secondaires à des dysconnexions précoces à l’intérieur duréseau de saillance. Ces changements de connectivité, associés à des modifications subtiles du volume dematière grise au sein du système cholinergique, pourraient contribuer à l’émergence des fluctuationscaractérisant la MCL. Enfin, les patients MCL présentent des anomalies de diffusion au sein de la substancegrise dans les régions frontales et le cortex cingulaire antérieur, et de la substance blanche dans les régionsoccipitales et pariétales, susceptibles de favoriser les anomalies de connectivité fonctionnelle.Despite being the second most common cognitive neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease (AD),dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is still poorly understood and represents a major scientific, clinical andpublic health problem. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as a non-invasive and multimodal technique,constitutes a promising approach to improve the understanding of the underlying cerebral bases of thisdisease. In this thesis project we addressed the functional, structural and microstructural cerebral changes inpatients in the early stages of DLB compared with AD patients and healthy elderly subjects. We alsoinvestigated the links between these changes and some key-symptoms of DLB such as cognitive fluctuations.For that purpose, we combined functional connectivity analyses during a visual-perceptual paradigm andduring resting-state, morphometric analyses and quantitative multiparametric analyses. DLB patients showedsignificant functional connectivity disturbances between the salience network, the default mode network andattentional networks, that could arise from early disconnections within the salience network. Theseconnectivity changes, along with subtle grey matter volume reductions in regions of the cholinergic system,could contribute to the fluctuations characterizing DLB. In addition, we found gray matter diffusion changesin frontal regions and in the anterior cingulate cortex, associated with white matter diffusion changes inparietal and occipital regions in DLB patients, that could contribute to the functional connectivityabnormalitie