El lado oscuro de la participación política en la vejez: análisis narrativo de las experiencias negativas de participación de activistas políticos

Màster Oficial de Psicogerontologia, Facultat de Psicologia, Universitat de Barcelona, curs: 2018-2019, Tutor: Rodrigo SerratEn las últimas décadas han aumentado las investigaciones sobre la participación cívica de las personas mayores. Sin embargo, la mayoría de los estudios se han focalizado en la participación a través de voluntariado. Asimismo, los estudios en participación política se han centrado en los antecedentes o consecuencias de la participación, existiendo muy pocos estudios sobre las experiencias de participación. Este estudio exploró las experiencias negativas en participación política de personas mayores de 65 años. Un total de 39 participantes involucrados activamente en tres tipos de organizaciones políticas participaron en este estudio. Se les aplicó una entrevista de historia de vida, que incluía el relato de un episodio negativo en su trayectoria de participación política. Se utilizaron tres tipos de análisis narrativo: temático cualitativo, estructural cualitativo y estructural cuantitativo. Los resultados muestran que: (1) en el análisis temático cualitativo habría cuatro temas principales: afrontamiento de situaciones complejas, conflictos/traiciones dentro de la agrupación, soledad en la política, y efectos de la política en otros ámbitos; (2) en el análisis estructural cualitativo predominan los argumentos de tipo “Tragedia”; y (3) el análisis estructural cuantitativo presenta mayoritariamente temas motivacionales de comunión, tono emocional negativo, nivel medio de aprendizaje y exploración y presencia de antagonistas. Este estudio puede ser útil para enriquecer las investigaciones sobre experiencias de participación política, favoreciendo una visión más integral de este tipo de participación.In recent decades, research on civic participation of older people has increased. However, most studies have focused on participation through volunteering. Likewise, studies in political participation have focused on the antecedents or consequences of participation, with very few studies on the experiences of participation. This study explored the negative experiences of political participation of people aged 65 and over. A total of 39 participants actively engaged in three kinds of political organisation participated in this study. They answered a life-story interview, wich included the story of a negative episode in their lifetime story of political commitment. Three types of narrative analysis were used: qualitative thematic, qualitative structural and quantitative structural. Results show: (1) in the qualitative thematic analysis there would be four main themes: front facing complex situations, conflicts/betrayals within the group, loneliness in politics, and effects of politics in other areas; (2) in the structural qualitative analysis the plot of "Tragedy" is predominant; and (3) the structural quantitative analysis shows mostly motivational themes of communion, negative emotional tone, medium level of learning and exploration and the presence of antagonists characters. This study can be useful to enrich research on political participation experiences, promoting a more comprehensive vision of this type of participation

Contextual barriers to artistic practices among older people: how do older artists perceive them?

Research on older people’s artistic participation has mainly focused on its benefits. Fewer studies have addressed the antecedents of older people’s artistic participation, especially the barriers to artistic practices, and particularly those related with contextual factors. In this study, we examined from a socioecological perspective which contextual barriers older artists perceive when they are carrying out their artistic practices. We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with 30 older visual artists and craftspeople. We found six themes relating to contextual barriers to the artistic practice: changes in cultural context; value of arts and crafts; dissemination of artistic work; financial difficulties; discrimination against women; and the covid-19 pandemic. Our study expands on previous research on antecedents of artistic participation among older people, and specifically on barriers. Finally, our study suggests the need to decrease these barriers by implementing programmes aimed at older artists maintaining their artistic practices for as long as possible

Older adults' participation in artistic activities: A scoping review

This scoping review analyses existing literature on older adults’ participation in artistic activities. It identifies gaps in this research topic and suggests new directions for research. We followed the five-step process defined by Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and extended by Levac et al. (2010). Four electronic databases were searched, and 129 peer-reviewed articles were included in the scoping review. Research into older adults’ participation in artistic activities has grown in the last ten years. However, empirical papers tend to focus on the outcomes of older people’s participation in artistic activities, in particular the benefits. Most papers centred on facilitators to examine the antecedents of this type of participation among people in late life. Research about experiences, potentially negative consequences or barriers to older adults’ participation in artistic activities have been largely overlooked. We identified several gaps in the literature, which we classified as: related to the artistic activities that were considered; the potential costs and barriers for older adults’ participation in artistic activities; older adults’ voices and their diversity; the life course perspective; and a contextual view of research on the topic. These gaps suggest challenges that future research on older adults’ participation in artistic activities should consider

Toll-like receptor signaling adapter proteins govern spread of neuropathic pain and recovery following nerve injury in male mice.

BackgroundSpinal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signaling intermediaries have been implicated in persistent pain states. We examined the roles of two major TLR signaling pathways and selected TLRs in a mononeuropathic allodynia.MethodsL5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL) was performed in wild type (WT, C57BL/6) male and female mice and in male Tlr2-/-Tlr3-/-, Tlr4-/-, Tlr5-/-, Myd88-/-, Triflps2, Myd88/Triflps2, Tnf-/-, and Ifnar1-/- mice. We also examined L5 ligation in Tlr4-/- female mice. We examined tactile allodynia using von Frey hairs. Iba-1 (microglia) and GFAP (astrocytes) were assessed in spinal cords by immunostaining. Tactile thresholds were analyzed by 1- and 2-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test was used.ResultsIn WT male and female mice, SNL lesions resulted in a persistent and robust ipsilateral, tactile allodynia. In males with TLR2, 3, 4, or 5 deficiencies, tactile allodynia was significantly, but incompletely, reversed (approximately 50%) as compared to WT. This effect was not seen in female Tlr4-/- mice. Increases in ipsilateral lumbar Iba-1 and GFAP were seen in mutant and WT mice. Mice deficient in MyD88, or MyD88 and TRIF, showed an approximately 50% reduction in withdrawal thresholds and reduced ipsilateral Iba-1. In contrast, TRIF and interferon receptor null mice developed a profound ipsilateral and contralateral tactile allodynia. In lumbar sections of the spinal cords, we observed a greater increase in Iba-1 immunoreactivity in the TRIF-signaling deficient mice as compared to WT, but no significant increase in GFAP. Removing MyD88 abrogated the contralateral allodynia in the TRIF signaling-deficient mice. Conversely, IFNβ, released downstream to TRIF signaling, administered intrathecally, temporarily reversed the tactile allodynia.ConclusionsThese observations suggest a critical role for the MyD88 pathway in initiating neuropathic pain, but a distinct role for the TRIF pathway and interferon in regulating neuropathic pain phenotypes in male mice

Logística de distribuição: o caso Gerdau

A logística de distribuição é uma atividade de fundamental importância em uma empresa, pois reflete diretamente no sucesso de uma organização, visto que executada de maneira eficiente, satisfaz e agrada o cliente que é o bem principal de qualquer empresa, seja ela de prestação de serviço ou de comercialização de produtos. O objetivo principal desse estudo monográfico, foi demonstrar o funcionamento de um Centro de Distribuição Virtual na logística de distribuição da Comercial Gerdau de Brasília, no atendimento de seus clientes internos. Foi utilizado o método de estudo de caso para análise e investigação do fato, além da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. Inicialmente é apresentado o tema, sua delimitação, objetivo geral e específico, justificativa, o problema e a hipótese para realização do estudo. Em seguida, aborda-se a metodologia cientifica utilizada para a elaboração do trabalho. Posteriormente é apresentado o embasamento teórico sobre o tema. Depois, são expostos os dados coletados no questionário. Em seguida, há a análise dos dados do questionário confrontados com as idéias e conceitos logísticos. Por fim, é apresentada a conclusão, onde é exposta a confirmação da hipótese e do problema inicialmente propostos

DO PRINCÍPIO DISPOSITIVO E A PROVA

O Estado Democrático de Direito objetiva dirimir os conflitos de interesse e a pacificação social. O Código de Processo Civil ao adotar o Princípio Dispositivo ressalta a abertura da atividade probatória do juiz para a busca da verdade real, independente da absoluta formalidade técnica processual do sistema vigente. A tendência processual civil moderna estipula um modelo processual em que o juiz deve decidir sob os Princípios da Demanda, Princípio da Igualdade e Princípio do Contraditório sempre acrescida de uma análise retro-informativa e da função social do Direito. A denominada democratização do acesso a ordem jurídica justa colabora com todas as reformulações técnicas interpretativa do texto legal, nas reformas dos institutos processuais e na própria conduta do Juiz- Estado

MODELO DESCENTRALIZADO DE MEDIAÇÃO PARA RESOLUÇÃO DE CONFLITOS DE REFORMA FUNDIÁRIA URBANA

O presente artigo científico tem o objetivo de tratar da dogmática da exclusividade da Jurisdição para resolução de conflitos de tutelas ambientais, revisitando as bases teóricas e jurisprudenciais, culminando na necessidade de vias alternativas de resolução de conflitos fundiários urbanos, decorrentes da demanda social. É necessária a ruptura do modelo jurisdicional, trazendo um novo paradigma de descentralização e desjudicialização das resoluções de conflitos fundiários urbanos, priorizando a participação democrática dos cidadãos nas tomadas de decisões afeitas ao plano fático do espaço urbano, adequando o caso aos fundamentos das normas constitucionais e infraconstitucionais protetivas dos Direitos Fundamentais do Homem.