Ethical Values in the Nursing Profession as Perceived by Head Nurses and Staff Nurses in Public Hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia: a Comparison Study

Purpose: Identify the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by the head nurses and the staff nurses, and compare the levels of importance of ethical values in the nursing profession as perceived by head nurses and those as perceived by staff nurses in public hospitals, Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Methods: Data collected from79 head nurses and 280 staff nurses were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Mann-Whitney U test.Results: The total mean score of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses and staff nurses are at a high level. The top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by head nurses included caring, autonomy, and confidentiality. Meanwhile, the top 3 mean scores of the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession perceived by staff nurses included caring, confidentiality, and non maleficence. The Mann-Whitney U test showed that head nurses perceived accountability as significantly statistically different from staff nurses. Conclusion: Although head nurses and staff nurses mostly perceived the importance of ethical values in the nursing profession at high levels, it is still need to promote some ethical values of head nurses and staff nurses

Algorithm for computation and visualization of weighted constrained Voronoi diagrams

Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 24, 2010).The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file.Thesis advisor: Dr. Kannapan Palaniappan.M.S. University of Missouri--Columbia 2009.A weighted Voronoi diagram (WVD) has been developed in order to regionalize or allocate space around a predetermined set of points or generators for the case that generator points have different weights reflecting their variable properties [16]. In this research, the weighted constrained Voronoi diagram has been adapted in order to fix some weaknesses in the older method. The new method allows some points on a space to be unclassified and some center points to be merged with other center points with higher weights to avoid incorrect spatial neighborhood graphs which lead to poor segmentation. Mainly, this algorithm generates the collection of geometric objects by using center points and their maximum radius given by users. Also, additional boundaries are created to determine classification of the overlapping area by using a linear equation. Finally, the obtained results show the visualization of the space partitioned by the collection of geometric objects that can be applied to diverse problem sets, including forestry spacing, cell biology, and the optimal allocation of resources.Includes bibliographical references

Emergency Training, Education and Perceived Clinical Skills for Tsunami Care Among Nurses in Banda Aceh, Indonesia

Background: Nurses are a part of health care provider who has responsibility to respond to disaster. The nurses ought to have sufficient knowledge and skills in caring for patients in disasters such as in a tsunami. Clinical skills of nurses effectively help the nurses in handling the tsunami emergency response.Objectives: To describe the levels of perceived clinical skills for tsunami care in acute response phase (6 months) after tsunami struck, and to examine the relationship between emergency training, education, and perceived clinical skills for tsunami care in Banda Aceh, Indonesia.Methods: This was a correlational study. Systematic random sampling was employed to recruit 97 nurses in a hospital in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Data were collected using questionnaires developed by the researchers and colleagues. The questionnaires consisted of two main parts: The Demographic Data Questionnaire (DDQ) and The Tsunami Care Questionnaire (TCQ).Results: Overall, perceived clinical skills for tsunami care were at a moderate level with the total mean score of 3.52 (SD = 0.86). Pearson product moment correlation coefficients indicated significant relationships between perceived clinical skills for tsunami care and attending emergency training and education (r = .23, p< .05).Conclusion: The nurses in the hospital should maintain and improve their knowledge and skills by regularly attending emergency training and education in order to respond to disaster more effectively

A SURVEY OF PRODUCTION PLACES OF PRE-PACKAGED PROCESSED FOODS BEFORE EVALUATION FOLLOWS THE PRIMARY GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICE (PRIMARY GMP) STANDARDS: A CASE STUDY OF NAKHON RATCHASIMA PROVINCE

Objective: The aim of this study was to survey the 103 non-permitted production place of pre-packaged, processed foods follow the Primary GMP standard for evaluating the probability to apply the Primary GMP evaluation. Methods: The population was 103 entrepreneurs of pre-packaged processed foods in Nakhon Ratchasima province with non-permitted status of Primary GMP that surveyed in 2013. Three types of pre-packaged processed foods and types of food entrepreneurs were collected and identified. Pre-evaluation of food production places follow the Primary GMP standard was evaluated and reasons of food entrepreneurs that non-apply for the Primary GMP evaluations were collected. Results: From the survey data, three types of pre-packaged processed foods that produced in Nakhon Ratchasima province were identified and reported. Almost of pre-packaged processed foods were general processed foods, 51(48.57%) production places as well as ready-to-eat foods. The food entrepreneurs had different types including alone, housewife group, community enterprise, and the company. There were 62 (60.19%), 23 (22.33%), 12 (11.65%), and 6 (5.83%) production places, respectively. The evaluation of food production places by provincial and district food team before apply the Primary GMP evaluation. For category 1, approximately 84% of food entrepreneurs were lack of production building. Category 2, 3, and 4, the food entrepreneurs had production equipment, processing control, and sanitation, respectively, but these categories failed the criteria nearly 100%. There were five reasons made food entrepreneur does not apply for the Primary GMP evaluation, lack of budget was the most important reason, 79.61%. Conclusions: The survey results showed that generally processed foods and ready-to-eat foods were mostly produced. The food entrepreneurs usually worked by oneself and almost food production places failed the Primary GMP standard. Lack of budget was the most important reason that made food entrepreneur does not apply for the Primary GMP evaluation

MORPHOLOGY STUDY OF PLAI PATCHES BY THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. PART II: CHITOSAN AND POLYVINYL ALCOHOL BLENDS

Objective: This work aimed to study of surface morphology of the Plai patch, incorporating the crude Plai oil in polymer blends comprised of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol using glycerine as plasticizer by SEM method. Method: We prepared the patch from polymer blends comprised of chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and glycerine by adding the crude Plai oil into this polymer blends solution, and then transferred to dry into hot air oven to produce dark yellow patch which called Plai patch. Then, this Plai patch was studied the in vitro release using Franz cell diffusion apparatus for 24 hours. The Plai patch was removed from equipment and photographed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the morphology of this patch after compound D release from patch. Results: After the release of compound D, the morphology of the Plai patch was visualized by SEM. The morphology of Plai patch made from polymer blends between chitosan, polyvinyl alcohol, and glycerine had various numbers of pores, suggesting that the compound D release occur mainly this patch surfaces and its might diffused through the matrix pores due to the active compound solubilization in the receptor medium, isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7.4: ethanol = 8:2. Conclusion: The Plai patch might swell and release the compound D, main active compound in Plai from this patch when the Plai patch absorbed the moisture and fluid from receptor medium. This might contributed the pore in surface of Plai patch

MORPHOLOGY STUDY OF PLAI PATCH BY THE SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE. PART I: CHITOSAN AND HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE BLENDS

Objective: The compound D or (E)-4-(3', 4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-but-3-en-1-ol is the main active chemical constituent in Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. (Plai) used for the treatment of asthma, for muscle and joint pain. This research aimed to study the surface morphology of Plai patch after in vitro release study of compound D. This patch made from polymer blends consisted of chitosan and hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose using glycerine as plasticizer. Methods: The crude Plai oil was dissolved in absolute ethanol and homogeneously mixed into the polymer blends solution consisted of chitosan, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and glycerine, and then dried in hot air oven to produce the Plai patch. The Plai patch was placed into Franz cell diffusion apparatus for 24 hours. After that, the Plai patch was photographed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) to study the morphology of this patch after compound D release. Results: The morphology of the Plai patch after the release of compound D was visualized by SEM. The morphology of Plai patch made from polymer blends between chitosan, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, and glycerine had various numbers of pores, suggesting that the release of compound D occur mainly in patch surfaces and its might diffused through the matrix pores due to the active compound solubilization in the receptor medium, isotonic phosphate buffer pH 7.4: ethanol = 8:2. Conclusion: When the Plai patch absorbed the moisture and fluid from receptor medium, the Plai patch might swell and release the compound D, main active compound in Plai from this patch. This might contributed the pore in Plai patch

The Study of Instant Pad Thai Powder Processing

The purpose of this research was to: (1) To study temperature of hot wind and the proper quantity of Molto dextrin used in spray drying the Pad Thai sauce. (2) To study and compare Pad Thai powder to the original Pad Thai sauce and the locally sold Pad Thai. (3) To study shelf life of Pad Thai powder.This paper aimed to study the process of making instant Pad Thai powder by Spray Drying method. The appropriate temperature of hot gas and the quantity of Maltodextrin in processing instant Pad Thai powder by Spray Drying method were studied. Factorial in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used. The study found that the appropriate quantity of Maltodextrin was 20% and the appropriate temperature for in and out hot gas was 150/90 ºC. The color variation of the finishing instant Pad Thai powder was as follow: Bright colors L* 88.32 Red a* 0.99 Yellow b* 8.26. The color variation after cooking the product was: Bright colors L* 30.73 Red a* 3.08 Yellow b* 8.25. aw 0.22. The moisture of the powder was 1.24. Then, the consumer satisfaction was studied by using 3 types of Pad Thai Noodles; Pad Thai Noodles with Instant pad Thai Powder, Pad Thai Noodles with regular Pad Thai sauce, and Pad Thai Noodles sold in general market. Randomized Complete Block Design, RCBD was used. The study of the consumer satisfaction revealed that there was no difference between pad Thai Noodles made with Instant Pad Thai Powder and Pad Thai Noodles made with regular Pad Thai sauce at the statistical significance (p>0.05). The testers rated the overall taste of Pad Thai Noodles at 7.57. Next, the researcher studied the expiration period of Instant Pad Thai Powder by packing the product in double vacuum foil and storage the product at 4 different temperatures 30, 35, 45, and 55 degree Celsius. Then the product was studied to evaluate the physical, chemical, microorganism, and sensory property. The product kept at 55 ºC was the most different of the four storage products at p ≤ 0.05 with the highest level of consumer satisfaction at color = 7.33, smell = 7.30, taste = 7.90, texture = 7.57 and total = 7.40. The amount of microorganism, yeast, and fungus were at the safe level to comsume

Simplex lattice design for optimization of the mass ratio of Curcuma longa L., Curcuma zedoaria (Christm.) Roscoe and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. to maximize curcuminoids content and antioxidant activity

The aim of this work was to optimize the mass ratio of three Curcuma plants’ rhizomes to obtain the highest curcuminoid content and antioxidant activity using the simplex lattice design. The selected Curcuma plants were C. longa, C. zedoaria and C. aromatica. The simplex lattice design was applied in the work. The individual curcuminoids (curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bis-demethoxycurcumin) and total curcuminoid content were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Curcuma longa alone provided the highest content of bis-demethoxycurcumin and demethoxycurcumin. A mixture of C. longa and C. aromatica in the mass ratio of 72:28 % provided the highest curcumin content. The results showed that C. longa alone exhibited the highest antioxidant activity

Transformation of dry dipterocarp to dry evergreen forests alters food webs of web-building spiders and their prey

Anthropogenic habitat modification is a major contributor to global change. While the modification of natural habitats to agroecosystems attracts most of the attention, little is known about the conversion of one natural ecosystem to another. Dry dipterocarp forest is the key dry forest type across Southeast Asia. Moderate fire disturbance is essential for its regeneration, but humans often prevent fire in these forests. Consequently, dry dipterocarps can change to dry evergreen forests through succession. The consequences of this conversion on food webs are unknown. Using the network approach, we compared the food webs of web-building spiders and their prey in the understory between dry dipterocarp (open canopy, uniform understory) and dry evergreen forests (closed canopy, heterogeneous understory) in north-eastern Thailand. Overall, we collected 560 individual web-building spiders belonging to 37 genera. Further, we collected 1139 prey items from spider webs belonging to 16 arthropod orders. The composition of captured prey and the network structure differed between the forest types. Specifically, the web-building spiders were more specialized and their niches overlapped less in dry dipterocarps than in dry evergreens. The differences in food-web structure were driven mostly by trophic groups turnover rather than interaction rewiring. Implications for insect conservation: The transformation of dry dipterocarp to dry evergreen forests from the prevention of fire disturbance may lead to an altered ecological function of web-building spiders in forest understories. As trophic links and their strength are rewired, habitat modification may also lead to changes in nutrient and energy flow in forest understories.OA-hybri

Moral competence in nursing practice

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/88187/1/ketefian-moral_competence_nursing_practice.pd