Distribuição horizontal da produtividade de soja em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta

O sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF) possibilita aumentar a renda da propriedade, devido a intensificação do uso da terra e o aumento da eficiência dos sistemas de produção. No entanto, com o crescimento das árvores, há uma diminuição progressiva da luminosidade disponível para o sub‑bosque que pode influenciar a produtividade do componente agrícola. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a distribuição horizontal da produtividade de soja no sistema ILPF e compará-la ao cultivo exclusivo. O experimento foi conduzido no município de Sinop/MT, avaliando-se os seguintes tratamentos: lavoura com cultivo de soja na safra e milho consorciado com Brachiaria brizantha na safrinha e o sistema de ILPF, com cultivo de eucalipto em faixas de linhas triplas (3,5 x 3,0 m orientação Leste Oeste), com soja safra na faixa de agricultura (entrerenques), seguido de milho safrinha consorciado com B. brizantha. Os tratamentos foram implantados na safra 2011/2012 sendo que as árvores foram plantadas em novembro de 2011. O experimento seguiu o delineamento de blocos casualizados (DBC) com 4 repetições. As avaliações foram realizadas no segundo ano agrícola, após implantação do experimento, na safra 2012/2013. As características agronômicas da soja foram realizadas no estágio de desenvolvimento R8, avaliando-se duas linhas de 5 m em oito posições aleatórias no cultivo exclusivo de soja. No tratamento ILPF, as duas linhas de 5 m foram avaliadas em quatro transectos equidistantes, posicionadas no sentido transversal às linhas da espécie florestal, nas distâncias de 3, 6, 10 e 15 m das florestais, para ambos os lados (face norte e face sul). Foram avaliados: número de plantas, índice de acamamento com notas de 1 a 5 (1: > 90% de plantas eretas e 5: > 80% de plantas acamadas), massa de 100 grãos e produtividade (kg ha -1 com 13% de umidade). No segundo ano agrícola, o eucalipto estava com 12 meses de idade, altura média de 4 m e DAP médio de 5,1 cm. A projeção máxima de sombra na face norte foi de 4 m às 09:30 h. Não houve diferenças significativas entre a soja cultivada em sistema exclusivo e a soja cultivada no sistema ILPF para o número de plantas (p>0,37), peso de 100 grãos (p>0,24) e índice de acamamento (p>0,24). A produtividade média de soja foi de 4.041 kg ha -1 na lavoura exclusiva e 3.999 kg ha -1 na ILPF e também não diferiu significativamente (p> 0,26). Na avaliação da distribuição horizontal, a faixa de árvores do sistema ILPF não afetou a produtividade do componente agrícola no segundo ano de condução do sistema

Análise físico-química de salames coloniais comercializados no município de Toledo, Estado do Paraná

Physical-chemical analysis of colonial italian type salami commercialized in Toledo, Parana state. Italian immigration in the west of Parana State contributed for the development of small meat industries. the colonial Italian-type salami is one of the main commercialized meat products in this region, therefore making necessary its quality evaluation. the aim of this work is to verify whether the composition of the colonial salami is in accordance with Brazilian law, and the nutritional facts information on the labels of these products. Four different marks of colonial Italian-type salami produced in the region of Toledo, Parana State and one great trade mark of Italian-type salami were herein evaluated. Properties like moisture, percentages of proteins, ashes, lipids and cholesterol were evaluated. We recorded a great discrepancy between values presented in the nutritional facts information and determined values, except for the industrialized salami. the moisture content was higher than the maximum levels recommended by the legislation. On the other hand, protein contents were lower than the minimum values recommended, and only the fat content matched the values established by Brazilian law. the cholesterol contents were lower than described on the labels when they contain them. According to the composition of the product and the Brazilian legislation, such salami could not be classified as Italian-type salami.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-09972270 São Paulo, BrazilUniv Estadual Oeste Parana, Toledo, Parana, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, BR-09972270 São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

How much weight is too much for manual lifting : determining a weight limit guideline for team-effort lifting tasks

Manual material handling is the primary cause of musculoskeletal injuries, which includes injuries related to lower back, at the workplaces in the U.S. Of all the manual material handling tasks, lifting has been the leading contributor to lower back injuries. These injuries may be induced by several risk factors associated with lifting tasks, weight of the object being lifted being one of them. Weight limit guidelines have been developed by various groups recommending the weights that workers can lift safely without sustaining injuries. However, these guidelines are aimed to serve individual lifting tasks. Even though team lifting is a common practice in industries there is a lack of weight limit guidelines for such multi-person lifting tasks. This paper provides a weight limit guideline for individual and team lifting tasks for an average male worker population. Tools based on biomechanical and psychophysical approaches have been utilized to determine this weight limit. The norms and practices adopted or recommended by various industries, institutions, and regulatory agencies have also been studied during the process. This guideline is likely to resolve some of the injury problems associated with lifting tasks. Though this guideline is aimed to serve 50th percentile male population, similar methodology may be adopted to develop weight limits for other worker population (with different gender and anthropometry)

Statistical Machine Translation of Japanese

The purpose of this research was to find ways to improve the performance of a statistical machine translation system that translates text from Japanese to English. Methods included altering the training and test data by adding a prior linguistic knowledge, altering sentence structures, and looking for better ways to statistically alter the way words align between the two languages. In addition, methods for properly segmenting words in Japanese text through statistical methods were examined. Finally, experiments were conducted on Japanese speech to produce the best text transcription of the speech. The best statistical machine translation methods implemented resulted in improvements that rivaled the best evaluations from the 2005 International Workshop on Spoken Language Translation from which training and test data was used. Recommendations, including how the methods presented may be altered for further improvements for future research, are also discussed

A Survey on Machine Learning Approach for URL Based Web Phishing

In this era, internet is become crucial part of our day to day life. Hence the security of the internet data is must. Phishing is the threat which is major issue of the web data and its security. Web phishing is well known assaults for acquiring the credential information from the users like security number, bank account number etc. Phishing detection is necessary to overcome this web problem. In this paper we discuss about the different technique of phishing, some classification techniques, and Supported algorithm for the better accuracy. And also give the literature survey of some papers

Exploring the Molecular Basis of Lean Diabetes.

We have established a Next Generation Sequencing based cost-effective, scalable, accurate method (2GDMODY protocol) for comprehensive parallelized genetic testing in clinical settings. • We have utilized the 2GDMODY protocol to identify the MODY, Lipodystrophy, Insulin resistance causative or associated gene variants in young onset non-obese diabetes. • We have identified a 27% mutation positive rate in subjects with suspected MODY and a 4% mutation positive rate in subjects with young onset diabetes when screened for a complete panel of all the known 13 MODY genes. • First report of PDX1, HNF1Β, NEUROD1, PAX4, BLK11 novel gene mutations from India and also the first reports of novel digenic NEUROD1+PDX1, PAX4+ABCC8, HNF4A+ABCC8, NEUROD1+MAFA mutations in young onset diabetes. • In subjects with digenic mutations (40% of the mutation positive subjects) had a mean BMI of 22.7kg/m2 and those subjects with single gene mutation had a BMI of 28kg/m2. • Targeted RNA sequencing using the Ampliseq technology provides a robust method to study the adipose tissue gene expression and provided key leads in understanding the pathophysiology of lean or non obese diabetes. • In non-obese subjects with diabetes, we have identified a higher expression of ENPP1, WNT10B, WNT5A, and BMP7 in adipose tissue and would suggest a role of these factors in the pathogenesis of the disease. • We have also utilized a Next Generation Sequencing based strategy to confirm the clinical diagnosis of syndromic forms of non-obese diabetes. In conclusion, we believe that these findings have a high translational value with significant contribution towards the present understanding of diabetes in the young and the non-obese. Further, this study provides a comprehensive foundational young onset diabetes related genetics data in India

Treatment of Naja Naja (King cobra) Snakebites in Tribal Areas of Adilabad Distric, India, by Hakim

Abstrac

Optimization of xylanase production by filamentous fungi in solid state fermentation and scale-up to horizontal tube bioreactor

Five microorganisms, namely Aspergillus niger CECT 2700, A. niger CECT 2915, A. niger CECT 2088, Aspergillus terreus CECT 2808, and Rhizopus stolonifer CECT 2344, were grown on corncob to produce cell wall polysaccharide-degrading enzymes, mainly xylanases, by solid-state fermentation (SSF). A. niger CECT 2700 produced the highest amount of xylanases of 504±7 U/g dry corncob (dcc) after 3 days of fermentation. The optimization of the culture broth (5.0 g/L NaNO3, 1.3 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 4.5 g/L KH2PO4, and 3 g/L yeast extract) and operational conditions (5 g of bed loading, using an initial substrate to moistening medium of 1:3.6 (w/v)) allowed increasing the predicted maximal xylanase activity up to 2,452.7 U/g dcc. However, different pretreatments of materials, including destarching, autoclaving, microwave, and alkaline treatments, were detrimental. Finally, the process was successfully established in a laboratory-scale horizontal tube biore- actor, achieving the highest xylanase activity (2,926 U/g dcc) at a flow rate of 0.2 L/min. The result showed an overall 5.8-fold increase in xylanase activity after optimization of culture media, operational conditions, and scale-up.We are grateful to the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the financial support of this work (project CTQ2011-28967), which has partial financial support from the FEDER funds of the European Union; to the Leonardo da Vinci Programme for founding the stay of Felisbela Oliveira in Vigo University; to MAEC-AECID (Spanish Government) for the financial support for Perez-Bibbins, B. and to Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports for Perez-Rodriguez's FPU; and to Solla E. and Mendez J. (CACTI-University of Vigo) for their excellent technical assistance in microscopy

Carney complex with PRKAR1A mutation: A case report

Carney complex is a multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome with various features which include myxomas, endocrine tumours and lentigines lesions. We report a case of Carney complex with components of lentigines, ACTH independent adrenal Cushing’s syndrome (with a paradoxical increase in 24 hour urinary cortisol following the high dose (8mg) dexamethasone suppression test – and is likely to be due to primary pigmented nodular adrenal hyperplasia) positive for a protein kinase A type 1A regulatory subunit (PRKAR1A) gene mutation