MODELING THE SUPPLY CHAIN USING MULTI-TIERED CAUSAL ANALYSIS

Multi-tiered causal analysis is not really a technique but rather a procedure or process that models the push/pull effects of the supply chain by linking a series of multiple regression models together, based on marketing investment strategies and trade investments to retailers. The conceptual design applies in-depth causal analysis to measure the effects of the marketing mix on consumer demand at retail (pull—-consumption/retail sell-through) and links it, via consumer demand, to shipments from the manufacturer (push) to the retailers. This situation is known as a two-tiered model. In the case of more sophisticated distribution systems, a model of three tiers (or more) can be deployed—-incorporating, for example, wholesalers (that is, consumer to retailer to wholesaler to manufacturing plant).Agribusiness,

Time deposits in monetary analysis

Certificates of deposit ; Savings accounts

Complex edge effects in zigzag graphene nanoribbons due to hydrogen loading

We have performed density functional calculations as well as employed a tight-binding theory, to study the effect of passivation of zigzag graphene nanoribbons (ZGNR) by Hydrogen. We show that each edge C atom bonded with 2 H atoms open up a gap and destroys magnetism for small widths of the nanoribbon. However, a re-entrant magnetism accompanied by a metallic electronic structure is observed from 8 rows and thicker nanoribbons. The electronic structure and magnetic state are quite complex for this type of termination, with sp$^3$ bonded edge atoms being non-magnetic, whereas the nearest neighboring atoms are metallic and magnetic. We have also evaluated the phase stability of several thicknesses of ZGNR, and demonstrate that sp$^3$ bonded edge atoms, with 2 H atoms at the edge, should be stable at temperatures and pressures which are reachable in a laboratory environment.Comment: 11 figure

Infrared radiometry experiment for Mariner Mars 1971

The infrared radiometer is designed to provide brightness temperatures of the surface of Mars by measuring the energy radiated in the 8 to 12 and 18 to 25 μ wavelength bands. The instrument is essentially the same as that flown on the Mariner Mars 1969 missions, modified only to define more sharply the field of view. Because Mariner Mars 1971 will orbit Mars, a given area of the planet will be observed at a variety of local times, and the characterization of the various areas by their thermophysical properties will be more complete than that obtained by Mariner Mars 1969

Structure, Stability, Edge States and Aromaticity of Graphene Ribbons

We determine the stability, the geometry, the electronic and magnetic structure of hydrogen-terminated graphene-nanoribbons edges as a function of the hydrogen content of the environment by means of density functional theory. Antiferromagnetic zigzag ribbons are stable only at extremely-low ultra-vacuum pressures. Under more standard conditions, the most stable structures are the mono- and di-hydrogenated armchair edges and a zigzag edge reconstruction with one di- and two mono-hydrogenated sites. At high hydrogen-concentration ``bulk'' graphene is not stable and spontaneously breaks to form ribbons, in analogy to the spontaneous breaking of graphene into small-width nanoribbons observed experimentally in solution. The stability and the existence of exotic edge electronic-states and/or magnetism is rationalized in terms of simple concepts from organic chemistry (Clar's rule)Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication by Physical Review Letter

Structure and stability of graphene nanoribbons in oxygen, carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia

We determine, by means of density functional theory, the stability and the structure of graphene nanoribbon (GNR) edges in presence of molecules such as oxygen, water, ammonia, and carbon dioxide. As in the case of hydrogen-terminated nanoribbons, we find that the most stable armchair and zigzag configurations are characterized by a non-metallic/non-magnetic nature, and are compatible with Clar's sextet rules, well known in organic chemistry. In particular, we predict that, at thermodynamic equilibrium, neutral GNRs in oxygen-rich atmosphere should preferentially be along the armchair direction, while water-saturated GNRs should present zigzag edges. Our results promise to be particularly useful to GNRs synthesis, since the most recent and advanced experimental routes are most effective in water and/or ammonia-containing solutions.Comment: accepted for publication in PR

Mariner 1969 Infrared Radiometer Results: Temperatures and Thermal Properties of the Martian Surface

The reduced data of the Mariner 6 and 7 Infrared Radiometer Experiments are presented, along with a discussion of the reduction and calibration procedures. Evidence is presented showing that the surface of Mars is strongly nonhomogeneous in its thermal properties, on scales ranging from those of the classical light and dark areas to the limit of resolution of the radiometers. On the sunlit side, the mean thermal inertia, for admissible bolometric albedos, is 0.006 (cal cm^(-2) sec^(-1/2) °K^(-1)). The dark areas Syrtis Major and Mare Tyrrhenum, observed at night, require thermal inertias as high as 0.010. The temperatures measured over the circular basin Hellas require a bolometric albedo of 0.40 and also a high thermal inertia. The temperature measured over the south polar cap, 148° K, provides evidence that the major constituent of the frost deposit is CO_2

Low-Temperature Physics

Contains reports on six research projects