Biofilm formation by clinically isolated Staphylococcus Aureus from India

Introduction: Staphylococcal biofilms are prominent cause for acute and chronic infection both in hospital and community settings across the world. Current study explores biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical samples by different methods. Methodology: Standard techniques used for the characterization of S.aureus. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm formation was assessed by Congo red Agar, Tube and Microtiter plate methods. Results: A total of 188 clinical isolates of S.aureus were screened for biofilm formation and 72 (38.29%) of them were found to be biofilm producers, 34 (18.08%) strong, 38 (20.21%) moderate. The remaining 116 (61.7%) were weak/ non biofilm producers. Maximum biofilm formers were recorded in pus samples (39.06%), followed by isolates from blood (38.23%) and urine (34.61%). Statistical analysis for the formation of biofilm indicated that Microtiter plate method is the most sensitive and specific method for screening biofilm production. Conclusions: Biofilm formation is one of the influential virulence factor in staphylococcal pathogenesis and persistence. Microtiter plate and Congo red agar remain as reliable methods for the qualitative and quantitative estimation of biofilm formation. Monitoring of biofilm formation in various etiological agents will help in determining the severity of infection

Efficacy of bacteriophage therapy against vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus feacalis</i> in induced and non-induced diabetic mice

AbstractThe antibiotic resistance of an organism has become an endeavor worldwide. The resistance of bacteria is impacting the immunocompromised patient, especially with diabetic. The bacteriophages are more specific in the elimination of the infections caused by the organism. One of the significant bacteria is Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF), emerging as bioburden rendering infectious diseases in developing countries. We attempted to treat infection of VREF in the induced and non-induced diabetic mice model along with antibiotic and phage treatment. The phage has shown more efficiency than vancomycin antibiotic alone and combined therapy with antibiotic phage treated. The considering phage therapy an alternative source for the treatment in the insulin-dependent diabetic with an infection of bacteria.</jats:p