A Comparison of Learning Achievement of Assembled Material Instruction and Traditional Instruction for Prathomsuksa 6 Students

บทคัดย่อ     การศึกษาค้นคว้าครั้งนี้มีความมุ่งหมาย เพื่อเปรียบเทียบผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน สาระทัศนศิลป์ ของนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 ระหว่างกลุ่มที่เรียนโดยใช้เอกสารประกอบการเรียนและกลุ่มที่เรียนโดยการสอนแบบปกติ ประชากรที่ใช้ในการวิจัยครั้งนี้ เป็นนักเรียนชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 โรงเรียนรัตนโกสินทร์ ๙ สำนักงานเขตพื้นที่การศึกษาสมุทรปราการ เขต 2 ภาคเรียนที่ 1 ปีการศึกษา 2551 จำนวน 4 ห้องเรียน รวมจำนวนนักเรียน 160 คน ซึ่งจัดชั้นเรียนแบบคละชั้นโดยมีเด็กเก่ง ปานกลาง และอ่อน แบ่งเป็น กลุ่มทดลอง จำนวน 2 ห้องเรียน รวมจำนวนนักเรียน 80 คนและเป็นกลุ่มควบคุม จำนวน 2 ห้องเรียน รวมจำนวนนักเรียน 80 คน เครื่องมือที่ใช้ในการวิจัย ประกอบด้วย เอกสารประกอบการเรียน สาระทัศนศิลป์ หน่วยที่ 1 การเขียนภาพระบายสี ชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 แผนการสอนแบบปกติหน่วยที่ 1 การเขียนภาพระบายสี ชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 และแบบทดสอบวัดผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียน ก่อนและหลังเรียนสาระทัศนศิลป์ หน่วยที่ 1 การเขียนภาพระบายสี ชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 นำไปทดลองใช้โดยผู้วิจัยเป็นผู้สอน วิเคราะห์ข้อมูลโดยการหาค่าเฉลี่ย ค่าเบี่ยงเบนมาตรฐาน ค่าร้อยละ หาประสิทธิภาพของสื่อ ค่าความยากง่ายของแบบทดสอบสอบค่าความเชื่อมั่นของแบบทดสอบและค่าวิกฤต t - testการศึกษาพบว่า1. ผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนของนักเรียนที่เรียนโดยใช้เอกสารประกอบการเรียนกลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ศิลปะ สาระทัศนศิลป์ หน่วยที่ 1 การเขียนภาพระบายสี ชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 หลังการทดลองสูงกว่าก่อนการทดลองอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติที่ระดับ .012. ประสิทธิภาพของการใช้เอกสารประกอบการเรียนกลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ศิลปะ สาระทัศนศิลป์ หน่วยที่ 1 การเขียนภาพระบายสี ชั้นประถมศึกษาปีที่ 6 เท่ากับ 84.83 ซึ่งสูงกว่าเกณฑ์ที่กำหนดไว้คือ 80 / 80 โดยมีประสิทธิภาพเท่ากับ 85.01 / 84.833. นักเรียนที่เรียนโดยใช้เอกสารประกอบการเรียน กลุ่มสาระการเรียนรู้ศิลปะ สาระทัศนศิลป์ มีผลสัมฤทธิ์ทางการเรียนสูงกว่านักเรียนที่ได้รับการสอนแบบปกติ อย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ ที่ระดับ .014. จากการศึกษาผลงานการวาดภาพระบายสีของนักเรียนที่เรียนโดยใช้เอกสารประกอบการเรียน ผู้เรียนมีการพัฒนาการด้านการเขียนภาพระบายสีสูงขึ้นAbstract     The purpose of this research was to compare the learning achievement of Prathomsuksa 6 students learning through the visual arts assembled material instruction and traditional instruction. The subjects were Prathomsuksa 6 students from Rattanakosin IX School in the 2nd semester of the 2008 academic year, Samut Prakan Education Office Area 2. They were 160 mixed ability students from 4 classrooms. They were assigned into 2 groups - the experimental and control groups. The experimental group consisted of 2 classrooms, 80 students, and the control group also consisted of 2 classrooms, 80 students. The instrument used in this study were visual arts assembled material Unit I - Color painting, lesson plans, and pre - post tests. The experiment was conducted by the researcher. The data were analyzed by arithmetic mean, standard deviation, percentage, and t - test. The efficiency of the assembled materials was analyzed through the difficulty value and the reliability of the tests.The results of the study revealed as follow.1. The learning achievement after the experiment of Prathomsuksa 6 students learning through the visual arts assembled material Unit I - Color painting was significantly higher than that prior to the experiment at .01 level.2. The efficiency of the visual arts assembled material Unit I - Color painting - was 85.01 / 84.83 which was higher than the set criterion of 80/80.3. The students learning through the visual arts assembled material instruction had significantly higher learning achievement than those learning through the traditional instruction at .01 level.4. The students learning through the visual arts assemble materials had better development in painting

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