Relation to oil and gas resources as an indicator value choice generation

В данной статье рассматриваются состояние нефтегазовой отрасли, проблемы и перспективы. Авторы попытались объяснить взаимосвязь между отношением к потреблению природных ресурсов страны и ценностным потенциалом личности.Current state of oil and gas branch in Russia, problems and prospects of its development are considered in this article. Authors tried to explain interrelation between the relation to consumption of resources and the valuable making personality

Discrimination of papillary thyroid cancer from non-cancerous thyroid tissue based on lipid profiling by mass spectrometry imaging

Introduction: The distinction of papillary thyroid carcinomas from benign thyroid lesions has important implication for clinical management. Classification based on histopathological features can be supported by molecular biomarkers, including lipidomic signatures, identified with the use of high-throughput mass spectrometry techniques. Formalin fixation is a standard procedure for stabilization and preservation of tissue samples, therefore this type of samples constitute highly valuable source of clinical material for retrospective molecular studies. In this study we used mass spectrometry imaging to detect lipids discriminating papillary cancer from not cancerous thyroid directly in formalin-fixed tissue sections. Material and methods: For this purpose imaging and profiling of lipids present in non-malignant and cancerous thyroid tissue specimens were conducted. High resolution MALDI-Q-Ion Mobility-TOF-MS technique was used for lipidomic analysis of formalin fixed thyroid tissue samples. Lipids were identified by the comparison of the exact molecular masses and fragmentation pathways of the protonated molecule ions, recorded during the MS/MS experiments, with LIPID MAPS database. Results: Several phosphatidylcholines (32:0, 32:1, 34:1 and 36:3), sphingomyelins (34:1 and 36:1) and phosphatidic acids (36:2 and 36:3) were detected and their abundances were significantly higher in cancerous tissue compared to non-cancerous tissue. The same lipid species were detected in formalin-fixed as in fresh-frozen tissue, but [M + Na]+ions were the most abundant in formalin fixed whereas [M + K]+ions were predominant in fresh tissue. Conclusions: Our results prove the viability of MALDI-MSI for analysis of lipid distribution directly in formalin-fixed tissue, and the potential for their use in the classification of thyroid diseases

Prevalence of subclinical abortions in cows due to mycotoxicosis

The article presents data on the distribution and seasonal dynamics of subclinical abortions in cows with mycotoxin poisoning, particularly zearalenone. Subclinical abortion is a common phenomenon among cows in dairy farms and causes significant economic losses due to multiple unsuccessful inseminations, reduced animal productivity, and premature culling. The research aimed to study the seasonal fluctuations of hidden abortions in cows and the influence of the method of keeping in the conditions of feed contamination with microscopic fungi and their toxins. To diagnose hidden abortions, cows were diagnosed with the pregnancy on the 32nd day after insemination. When pregnancy was confirmed, the animals were examined for 92 days. At the same time, if the pregnancy was not confirmed, it was considered that an abortion had occurred. Seasonal fluctuations of subclinical abortions were established - the most significant number (up to 13.6 %) was diagnosed at the end of spring, associated with many animals entering the hunt after the transit period. It is also important that at that time, the number of mycotoxins in feed reached record values, which led to abortions due to toxic effects on the organs of the reproductive system in particular and the body in general. A large number of abortions (11.2 %) in the summer season was also confirmed. At the same time, animals kept free all year received a similar diet containing mycotoxins. At the same time, a concomitant negative factor was temperature shock at this time of year. This whole complex of reasons led to subclinical abortions followed by the resorption of the fetus. Sonographically, areas of reduced echogenicity of the uterus in cows after abortions were detected, which is evidence of the development of subclinical endometritis, confirmed by the uterus's heterogeneous echogenicity. In infertile animals, the presence of follicles with cavities and small yellow bodies that did not extend beyond the surface of the ovary was established sonographically. This indicates a hypofunctional state and impaired folliculogenesis and luteogenesis

RELEASING HORMONE AND VITAMIN EFFICIENCY IN THE TREATMENT OF OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES IN BREEDING SOWS

Reproduction is a crucial issue at the present stage in the pig husbandry development. Infertility of breeding sows leads to excessive use of feed, increased costs associated with failed inseminations, insufficient breed and early culling of sows. Aim of the research. Study of infertility types and prevention of postpartum diseases in sows in order to develop methods to control them. Methods. A two-stage experiment was carried out in 2019–2020 at the LLC "Ryasnyanske" farm in Sumy region, Ukraine. The first stage involved development of a method for prevention and control of infertility in sows. The second stage focused on the method of postpartum pathology prevention. Results. The conducted research established that surfagon and vitamins manifested the highest efficiency in case of alimentary infertility as they increased fertilization by 20.8 %. In terms of symptomatic infertility, the best results were achieved through a combined use of surfagon and gonadotropic hormone for both primary and multiple fertilization of sows, especially considering extremely low values ​​in the control group - 15 % and 6.5 % of piglets, respectively. Aminazine proved to be the most effective remedy for immune infertility, the obtained results were 17.2 % higher than in the control group. Surfagon at a dose of 5 ml together with estrofan twice a day fully prevented inflammatory postpartum pathologies in sows. Conclusions. Pathologies of the reproductive organs in sows are widespread at pork-producing farms. Individual use of surfagon was justified for treatment of alimentary, symptomatic and immune infertility of sows and prevention of postpartum pathologies. A combined use of tissue therapy and biologically active drugs proved to be the most effective. The treatment regimens described above reduce infertility and prevent postpartum pathologies in sows

Fully Adaptive Regret-Guaranteed Algorithm for Control of Linear Quadratic Systems

The first algorithm for the Linear Quadratic (LQ) control problem with an unknown system model, featuring a regret of $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{T})$, was introduced by Abbasi-Yadkori and Szepesv\'ari (2011). Recognizing the computational complexity of this algorithm, subsequent efforts (see Cohen et al. (2019), Mania et al. (2019), Faradonbeh et al. (2020a), and Kargin et al.(2022)) have been dedicated to proposing algorithms that are computationally tractable while preserving this order of regret. Although successful, the existing works in the literature lack a fully adaptive exploration-exploitation trade-off adjustment and require a user-defined value, which can lead to overall regret bound growth with some factors. In this work, noticing this gap, we propose the first fully adaptive algorithm that controls the number of policy updates (i.e., tunes the exploration-exploitation trade-off) and optimizes the upper-bound of regret adaptively. Our proposed algorithm builds on the SDP-based approach of Cohen et al. (2019) and relaxes its need for a horizon-dependant warm-up phase by appropriately tuning the regularization parameter and adding an adaptive input perturbation. We further show that through careful exploration-exploitation trade-off adjustment there is no need to commit to the widely-used notion of strong sequential stability, which is restrictive and can introduce complexities in initialization

Regret-Guaranteed Safe Switching with Minimum Cost: LQR Setting with Unknown Dynamics

Externally Forced Switched (EFS) systems represent a subset of switched systems where switches occur deliberately to meet an external requirement. However, fast switching can lead to instability, even when all closed-loop modes are stable. In this study, our focus is on an EFS scenario with \textit{unknown system dynamics}, where the next mode to switch to is revealed by an external entity in real-time as the switch occurs. The challenge is to track the revealed sequence while (1) minimizing accumulated cost in a regretful sense and (2) ensuring that the norm of the system's state does not grow excessively-a property we refer to as 'the safety of switching.' Achieving the latter involves requiring the closed-loop system to remain in each revealed mode for some minimum dwell time, which must be learned online. We propose an algorithm based on the principles of Optimism in the Face of Uncertainty. This algorithm jointly establishes confidence sets for unknown parameters, devises a feedback policy, and estimates a minimum dwell time for each revealed mode from data. By precisely estimating dwell-time error, our strategy yields an expected regret of $\mathcal{O}(|M| \sqrt{ns})$, where $ns$ and $|M|$ denote the total switches and mode count, respectively. We benchmark this approach against scenarios with known parameters

Learn and Control while Switching: with Guaranteed Stability and Sublinear Regret

Over-actuated systems often make it possible to achieve specific performances by switching between different subsets of actuators. However, when the system parameters are unknown, transferring authority to different subsets of actuators is challenging due to stability and performance efficiency concerns. This paper presents an efficient algorithm to tackle the so-called "learn and control while switching between different actuating modes" problem in the Linear Quadratic (LQ) setting. Our proposed strategy is constructed upon Optimism in the Face of Uncertainty (OFU) based algorithm equipped with a projection toolbox to keep the algorithm efficient, regret-wise. Along the way, we derive an optimum duration for the warm-up phase, thanks to the existence of a stabilizing neighborhood. The stability of the switched system is also guaranteed by designing a minimum average dwell time. The proposed strategy is proved to have a regret bound of $\mathcal{\bar{O}}\big(\sqrt{T}\big)+\mathcal{O}\big(ns\sqrt{T}\big)$ in horizon $T$ with $(ns)$ number of switches, provably outperforming naively applying the basic OFU algorithm