Bioassimilable sulphur provides effective control of Oidium neolycopersici in tomato, enhancing the plant immune system

BACKGROUND: Developments of alternatives to the use of chemical pesticides to control pests are focused on the induction of natural plant defences. The study of new compounds based on liquid bioassimilable sulphur and its effect as an inductor of the immune system of plants would provide an alternative option to farmers to enhance plant resistance against pathogen attacks such as powdery mildew. In order to elucidate the efficacy of this compound in tomato against powdery mildew, we tested several treatments: curative foliar, preventive foliar, preventive in soil drench and combining preventive in soil drench and curative foliar. RESULTS: In all cases, treated plants showed lower infection development, better physiological parameters and a higher level of chlorophyll. We also observed better performance in parameters involved in plant resistance such as antioxidant response, callose deposition and hormonal levels. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that preventive and curative treatments can be highly effective for the prevention and control of powdery mildew in tomato plants. Foliar treatments are able to stop the pathogen development when they are applied as curative. Soil drench treatments induce immune response mechanisms of plants, increasing significantly callose deposition and promoting plant development

Modeling the interactions between host dynamics and epidemics of foliar diseases in three plant pathosystems

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Interprofessional Team Reasoning Framework as a Tool for Case Study Analysis with Health Professions Students: A Randomized Study

Background: This pilot study evaluated the efficacy of the Interprofessional Team Reasoning Framework (IPTRF) to facilitate teaching and learning case studies with health professions students.Methods and Findings: Eighteen interprofessional students were randomized to teams of six and were videotaped while completing a case. Team 1 (control) received only the case; team 2 received the case plus framework; and team 3 received the case, framework, and was shown videotaped examples of interprofessional interactions. The primary endpoint was students’ perceptions of interprofessional skills as measured pre and post intervention using a modified Team Skills Scale. The secondary endpoint was student performance as assessed by blinded individuals using a standardized rubric. The results revealed that students’ perceptions of team skills were significantly improved in team 2 and team 3 but not team 1. Students’ performance of their case as assessed by blinded faculty was significantly better in team 3 compared with teams 1 and 2.Conclusions: In this study of six disciplines, the IPTRF, in combination with modeled examples of interprofessional communication, was an effective tool to teach skills necessary to workup a patient case, which included collaboration, communication, and values/ethics. As the landscape of interprofessional education evolves, tools like the IPTRF will facilitate incorporation of these skills into health professions education

Exposer la "culture de rue" des cités

International audienceUn ensemble d’œuvres artistiques inspirées du film La Haine propose un regard créatif et sans concession sur les quartiers populaires de banlieue et l’expérience des jeunes qui y grandissent. Leur exposition en septembre 2020 au Palais de Tokyo montre, selon Mickael Chelal, la reconnaissance de la culture de rue et toute sa vitalité

Nicolas Oppenchaim, Adolescents de cité. L’épreuve de la mobilité, 2016

Chelal Mickael. Nicolas Oppenchaim, Adolescents de cité. L’épreuve de la mobilité, 2016. In: Les Annales de la recherche urbaine, N°112, 2017. Le genre urbain. pp. 160-161

In the intimacy of the "hood" : social relations of age and generation in the socialization of boys and girls in a poor area of the Parisian suburb

Ce travail cherche à observer la façon dont les différents vécus de la cité depuis l'enfance interviennent dans la socialisation des « jeunes de cité », filles et garçons. Au vu de l’importance occupée par le quartier de résidence pour une partie de la jeunesse de ces quartiers dans la formation de leurs identités sociales, comme l’a montré la sociologie depuis une quarantaine d’année, cette enquête s’intéresse aux processus concrets de socialisation résidentielle à partir des logiques qui sont attachées à leur vie sociale et notamment des relations que peuvent entretenir les différentes générations de jeunes. En effet, les rapports sociaux de classes d’âge et de générations structurent les relations juvéniles de la cité à partir d'une organisation sociale spécifique que l’on observe à partir des catégories de « petits » et de « grands ». A travers une enquête ethnographique en résidant dans un grand ensemble de Seine-Saint-Denis, cette recherche se penche sur la vie sociale quotidienne qui prend place dans les rues de la cité où les jeunes se retrouvent entre différentes et mêmes générations de groupes de pairs. Plus précisément, nous nous intéressons à ce que recouvrent ces catégories, leur mobilisation dans les interactions, leurs spécificités pour les filles et les garçons. Les relations entre les jeunes des différentes catégories contribuent à diffuser des codes, des normes et des valeurs, celles de la « sous-culture de rue », notamment par la place qu’occupent les « grands ». Ces derniers témoignent d’une hiérarchisation de ces groupes au sein de la jeunesse. Ils interviennent dans la « formation » sociale des jeunes, différemment selon le genre. Ainsi, ces rapports intergénérationnels représentent une dimension de la vie sociale de ce type de quartier populaire.This works aims at observing the ways in which the different experiences of the poor neighbourhoods in Paris suburbs - or « cité » - intervene starting from childhood in the socialization of « cité youth », be they girls or boys. Given the importance of the neighbourhood in which they live in part of this youth’s formation of their social identity, as shown in the last forty years by sociology, this enquiry is interested in the concrete processes of residential socialization from the dynamic attached to their social lives, and more specifically from the relationships the different young generations can establish among themselves. In fact social relations among different age groups and generations structure youth relationships in the “cité” from a specific social organization we can observe with the categories of “petits” (the “small” ones, i.e. the younger ones) and the ”grands” (the “big” ones, i.e. the older ones). Through an ethnographic enquiry based on living in a Seine-Saint-Denis subsidised-housing complex, this research deals with the daily social life taking place in the “cité” streets where young people meet with peer groups of different or same generation. More precisely, I am interested in what these categories mean, their mobilization in said interactions, their specificities for girls and for boys. The relationships among young people from these different categories contribute to the spreading of codes, norms and values, including the one of a “street subculture”, and this through the place the “grands” hold. They are reflecting the making of a hierarchy within the youth group. They intervene in the social “training” of the young ones, though differently according to their genders. Thus these intergenerational relationships represent a dimension of the social life in these types of poor neighbourhoods