Study on biological characteristics, sexual maturation and reproduction of Liza abu in the water of Khozestan Province

As the most of the fish resources are known and exploited, protecting their generation is of the greatest importance. Aquaculture is one of the efficient procedures in protecting and reviving fish resources and knowing about the reproductive cycle and gonads development has an important role in approaching this aim. Liza abu belongs to the family Mugilidae that according to its resistance to the environmental condition and its fast growth , can be introduced as a fish with economical value. As there is no scientific data on the reproductive biology of this species , study on the reproductive biology and gonad development is considered as the aim of this research . For this purpose , 360 samples of this species were investigated during the period from February 2007 to January 2008 in Khozestan Province . After studing morphological and histological characteristics of gonad specimen , they were prepared through histological method. Samples were prepared through usual histological method and studied under light microscope. According to the results, the maturity stages of male and female Liza abu were separated to six different successive stages. In ovaries , these stages were as follow : In stage І, the oocytes were small , this stage was observed from July to October . In stage ІІ, considerable growth was observed in the oocytes . This stage was observed from October to January . In stage III, due to vitellogenesis, the maximum growth was observed and three layers of theca, granullosa and follicle cells were visible. This stage was observed during January and February . In stage IV, migration of germinal vesicle was observed and due to hydration of the oocytes , their diameter was increased. The ovaries were yellowish and in maximum size and ovules could be easily observed with naked-eye . This stage was observed in February and March . In stage V, spawning occured. This stage was observed in April . In stage VI, ovaries consisted of immature and atretic oocytes and also empty follicles. This stage was observed in May and June. In testes , these stages were as follow : In stage I , the testes were small in size and contained the spermatogonia which were the only cellular components.This stage was observed in August and September . In stage II (maturing virgin ) , the spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes were visible. This stage was observed in October . In stage III (developing), intensive spermatogenesis was occured and the primary and the secondary spermatocytes were the most visible cells during this stage .This stage was observed from November to January. In stage IV(developed), cells of all stages of spermatogenesis could be seen but the secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were in large number. This stage was observed from January to March. In stage V , the testes were filled with sperms. This stage was observed in March and April .In stage VI, residual spermatozoa and the spermatogonia were visible in the testes. This stage was observed from May to August. According to cyclic changes in GSI, sexual maturation in breeding begins in January and spawning occurs in April. The ova diameter ranged from 30.75 μ in stage I to 472.19 μ in stage IV. In this study , the sex ratio was 1:2.7, and male and female percentage were 27.02% and 72.98% respectively. This means that females predominate males. In this study absolute fecundity was calculated and changing between 30805.44 to 431247.3 was observed and absolute fecundity was calculated 111275.3 in average

Study on biological characteristics, sexual maturation and reproduction of Liza abu in the water of Khozestan Province

As the most of the fish resources are known and exploited, protecting their generation is of the greatest importance. Aquaculture is one of the efficient procedures in protecting and reviving fish resources and knowing about the reproductive cycle and gonads development has an important role in approaching this aim.Liza abu belongs to the family Mugilidae that according to its resistance to the environmental condition and its fast growth , can be introduced as a fish with economical value. As there is no scientific data on the reproductive biology of this species , study on the reproductive biology and gonad development is considered as the aim of this research .For this purpose , 360 samples of this species were investigated during the period from February 2007 to January 2008 in Khozestan Province . After studing morphological and histological characteristics of gonad specimen , they were prepared through histological method. Samples were prepared through usual histological method and studied under light microscope.According to the results, the maturity stages of male and female Liza abu were separated to six different successive stages. In ovaries , these stages were as follow : In stage І, the oocytes were small , this stage was observed from July to October . In stage ІІ, considerable growth was observed in the oocytes . This stage was observed from October to January . In stage III, due to vitellogenesis, the maximum growth was observed and three layers of theca, granullosa and follicle cells were visible. This stage was observed during January and February . In stage IV, migration of germinal vesicle was observed and due to hydration of the oocytes , their diameter was increased. The ovaries were yellowish and in maximum size and ovules could be easily observed with naked-eye . This stage was observed in February and March . In stage V, spawning occured. This stage was observed in April . In stage VI, ovaries consisted of immature and atretic oocytes and also empty follicles. This stage was observed in May and June.In testes , these stages were as follow : In stage I , the testes were small in size and contained the spermatogonia which were the only cellular components.This stage was observed in August and September . In stage II (maturing virgin ) , the spermatogonia and the primary spermatocytes were visible. This stage was observed in October . In stage III (developing), intensive spermatogenesis was occured and the primary and the secondary spermatocytes were the most visible cells during this stage .This stage was observed from November to January. In stage IV(developed), cells of all stages of spermatogenesis could be seen but the secondary spermatocytes and spermatids were in large number. This stage was observed from January to March. In stage V , the testes were filled with sperms. This stage was observed in March and April .In stage VI, residual spermatozoa and the spermatogonia were visible in the testes. This stage was observed from May to August.According to cyclic changes in GSI, sexual maturation in breeding begins in January and spawning occurs in April. The ova diameter ranged from 30.75 μ in stage I to 472.19 μ in stage IV. In this study , the sex ratio was 1:2.7, and male and female percentage were 27.02% and 72.98% respectively. This means that females predominate males. In this study absolute fecundity was calculated and changing between 30805.44 to 431247.3 was observed and absolute fecundity was calculated 111275.3 in average.PhDAdvisors: Shahla Jamili Counsellors: Isa Sharifpour. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input

Condition factor, diet and gonadosomatic index of Carasobarbus luteus (Heckel, 1843) in Karkheh River, Iran

Abstract This study describes the condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and relative length of the gut (RLG) of Carasobarbus luteus in Karkheh River. A total of 210 specimens were caught by using various mesh size of gill nets fro

Sinanodonta woodiana

<i>Sinanodonta woodiana</i> (Lea, 1834) <p>(Fig. 2)</p> <p> <i>Symphynota woodiana</i> Lea, 1834: 42, pl. 5, fig. 12.</p> <p> <i>Sinanodonta woodiana</i> – Graf & Cummings 2007: 305.</p> <p>COMMON NAME. — Chinese pond mussel.</p> <p>FIRST RECORD OF THE INVASIVE CHINESE POND MUSSEL</p> <p>IN AFGHANISTAN</p> <p> A well-established population of <i>Sinanodonta</i> was detected in Amu Darya River (ADR) in Afghanistan. No other Unionidae species were found in the sampling site. The <i>Sinanodonta</i> settlement was confined to muddy-sandy substrates. The depth at the sampling area was about 60 cm. At the site with bivalve bed, the water flow was so low and there was a dense covering of macrophytes. The water temperature was 27°C on the sampling day.</p> <p>MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS</p> <p>The valves (SING) pattern (pl) of the specimens were slightly elongated with brown/olive greenish periostracum (Fig. 2). The youngest and oldest specimens were one and eight years old respectively, with a mean age of 4.7 years. Morphometric traits of the specimens collected from the Amu Darya River in Afghanistan are given in Table 2. All size classes were observed in the collected samples except the large one (Fig. 2b). Most of the individuals were placed in small size class (N= 21) while the remaining ones (N = 7) were of medium and very small size (Table 2). The length, width and height of the shell of collected samples varied respectively from 33.82 to 127.40 mm, 8.91 to 43.01 mm, and 23.42 to 71.63 mm. The convexity and elongation indices of the specimens also ranged from 26.34 to 39.11 and from 55.79 to 69.24 mm, respectively.</p> <p>MOLECULAR DATA</p> <p> DNA barcoding confirmed the invasion of the freshwater bivalve <i>S. woodiana</i> into Afghanistan. Six 671-bp long fragments of Cytochrome oxidase subunit I were obtained from the <i>S. woodiana</i> individuals and deposited in the NCBI GenBank (Table 1). BI analysis of COI confirmed the presence of the alien species <i>S. woodiana</i> in Afghanistan. Our specimens</p> <p> exhibited the same haplotype as previously recorded for non-indigenous individuals in Kazakhstan, Eastern and Western Siberia, European Russia, Myanmar, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Germany and Ukraine (Hap E1). This haplotype was placed in the same clade along with eight other haplotypes from Uzbekistan, Italy and China with strong bootstrap support, applying to be the temperate invasive lineage (Lineage E; <i>Sinanodonta</i> aff. <i>woodiana</i>) (Fig. 3).</p> <p> Based on our molecular data, there are at least eight mitochondrial lineages within the <i>Sinanodonta</i> complex (Fig. 3). The mean COI <i>P</i> -distances among the mitochondrial lineages in the <i>Sinanodonta</i> complex are given in Table 3. The highest mean <i>P</i> -distance was observed among the lineages F and A (13.9%), while the lowest value was observed among the lineages A and B (2.1%). The distance between the lineage E comprising our specimens and other lineages ranged between 4.2 and 12.5%. This value was also 5.7% between the temperate and tropical invasive lineages. The mean distance within the temperate lineage comprising nine unique haplotypes was also 0.3.%.</p> <p> The median joining network was constructed based on 99 COI sequences of <i>S.</i> aff. <i>woodiana</i> within the temperate invasive lineage (Lineage E) (Fig. 4). Consistent with our phylogenetic data, in the haplotype network, our specimens and those from China (KJ434482, KJ434484 and KJ434485), and non-indigenous individuals from Kazakhstan, Eastern and Western Siberia, European Russia, Myanmar, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Germany (OU070149) and Ukraine were lumped together into a same haplotype. This haplotype also weakly separated from non-indigenous individuals of Uzbekistan and Italy (MF414338) by only one substitution.</p>Published as part of <i>Kashiri, Hadise, Wahidi, Abdul Bashir, Dezful, Amin Chelemal, Nezhad & Pourebrahimi, Somayeh, 2024, DNA barcoding revealed the presence of the invasive freshwater mussel Sinanodonta aff. woodiana (Lea, 1834) in Afghanistan, pp. 133-147 in Zoosystema 46 (6)</i> on pages 136-140, DOI: 10.5252/zoosystema2024v46a6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10808267">http://zenodo.org/record/10808267</a&gt

Study on the effects of different cooking methods on concentration of essential elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni) in Cyprinus Carpio

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of different cooking methods on the level of iron, copper, zinc, and nickel in the muscle of Cyprinus carpio. For this purpose, 75 samples of fish with different sizes were obtained from Azadegan Aquaculture Center in Ahvaz. The samples were digested through the wet-digestion method and the concentrations of the essential elements were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. According to the results, fried and steamed samples had the highest (3.54±0.31 mg/100g wet weight) and lowest (1.64±0.11 mg/100g wet weight) concentration of iron. The highest and lowest concentration of zinc was recorded in the fried (1.74±0.09 mg/100g WW) and steamed (1.24±0.09 mg/100g WW) samples, respectively. In the case of copper, the highest (0.12±0.09 mg/100g WW) and lowest (0.07±0.003 mg/100g WW) concentration were recorded in the micro-waved and steamed specimens, respectively. The results for nickel was determined as 0.023±0.001 mg/100g WW and 0.016±0.0002 mg/100g WW in the fried and grilled fishes Moreover, the highest and the lowest level of essential elements which were recorded among the samples belonged to iron and nickel respectively. In all samples, the level of iron was recorded below the FDA limit. In addition, in all samples, the level of nickel, zinc, and copper was estimated below the maximum acceptable limit of WHO, MAFF, NHMRC, and FAO