Regular Patterns for Proteome-Wide Distribution of Protein Abundance across Species

A proteome of the bio-entity, including cell, tissue, organ, and organism, consists of proteins of diverse abundance. The principle that determines the abundance of different proteins in a proteome is of fundamental significance for an understanding of the building blocks of the bio-entity. Here, we report three regular patterns in the proteome-wide distribution of protein abundance across species such as human, mouse, fly, worm, yeast, and bacteria: in most cases, protein abundance is positively correlated with the protein's origination time or sequence conservation during evolution; it is negatively correlated with the protein's domain number and positively correlated with domain coverage in protein structure, and the correlations became stronger during the course of evolution; protein abundance can be further stratified by the function of the protein, whereby proteins that act on material conversion and transportation (mass category) are more abundant than those that act on information modulation (information category). Thus, protein abundance is intrinsically related to the protein's inherent characters of evolution, structure, and function

(7E)-7,8-Dehydroheliobuphthalmin from Platycladus orientalis L.: Isolation, Characterization, and Hair Growth Promotion

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is a prevalent form of non-scarring hair loss, affecting approximately 32.13% of the population. Seborrheic alopecia is the most frequently observed among its various types, contributing to over 25% of hair loss cases in men. Identifying effective natural compounds or therapeutic agents that stimulate hair growth remains a key research focus. Platycladus orientalis L., known for its medicinal properties, shows potential in promoting hair darkening and regeneration, although its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, Fr2 of Platycladus orientalis L. was found to significantly enhance hair growth in mice. Similarly, (7E)-7,8-Dehydroheliobuphthalmin (DHHB) was successfully isolated and purified for the first time through a combination of medium-pressure liquid chromatography and two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography. In an alopecia areata (AGA) model using dermal papilla cells (DPCs), DHHB was found to significantly promote cell proliferation and differentiation by down-regulating the expression of androgen receptor (AR) proteins, and activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, as compared with the dihydrotestosterone-induced model group. These results indicate that DHHB is a major bioactive compound in Platycladus orientalis L. and represents a promising candidate for promoting hair growth

Prolonged irrigation time in endoscopic aqueous medium impairs MSC/β-TCP adhesion and osteogenic potential

Abstract To evaluate the effects of an endoscopic aqueous environment on the viability and differentiation capacity of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enriched with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP). A screening-enrichment-combination circulating system (SECCS) was used to prepare MSCs/β-TCP from a patient. A simulated aqueous flushing environment for spinal endoscopic surgery was established with different flushing times (0–60 min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to determine the adhesion and condition of MSCs/β-TCP. CCK-8 was used to determine the viability of adherent MSCs. The osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation potentials of adherent MSCs were assessed with alizarin red, alkaline phosphatase, Oil Red O, and toluidine blue staining. A subcutaneous implantation mouse model was utilized to evaluate the osteogenic capacity of MSCs/β-TCP under different aqueous flushing conditions using micro-CT, haematoxylin–eosin staining, and Von Kossa staining. SEM revealed sustained MSC adhesion on β-TCP across all irrigation durations (0–60 min), with no differences in adhesion density. However, cell viability declined significantly after 30 min(P  15 min markedly reduced bone formation (P  15 min) in the spinal endoscopic aqueous environment compromises MSC/β-TCP adhesion and osteogenic capacity. Optimizing surgical efficiency and strictly controlling the irrigation time and pressure are critical in preserving graft performance for successful bone fusion