Regular Patterns for Proteome-Wide Distribution of Protein Abundance across Species

A proteome of the bio-entity, including cell, tissue, organ, and organism, consists of proteins of diverse abundance. The principle that determines the abundance of different proteins in a proteome is of fundamental significance for an understanding of the building blocks of the bio-entity. Here, we report three regular patterns in the proteome-wide distribution of protein abundance across species such as human, mouse, fly, worm, yeast, and bacteria: in most cases, protein abundance is positively correlated with the protein's origination time or sequence conservation during evolution; it is negatively correlated with the protein's domain number and positively correlated with domain coverage in protein structure, and the correlations became stronger during the course of evolution; protein abundance can be further stratified by the function of the protein, whereby proteins that act on material conversion and transportation (mass category) are more abundant than those that act on information modulation (information category). Thus, protein abundance is intrinsically related to the protein's inherent characters of evolution, structure, and function

A Review of Research on the Influencing Factors and Industrialization Progress of Forest Healing

ObjectiveForest healing, as an interdisciplinary practice, has become an important strategy to address the escalating global burden of health crises caused by urbanization, including chronic stress, cardiovascular disease, and mental health disorders. Against the backdrop of China’s “Healthy China 2030" initiative, forest-based health practices are increasingly recognized as a cost-effective non pharmacological intervention that can improve human health and reduce healthcare costs. However, the industrialization of forest healing is still constrained by fragmented theoretical frameworks, inconsistent empirical evidence, and a lack of policy consistency with international best practices. This research synthesizes international and domestic research to: 1) Identify the key factors shaping forest healing effects, 2) elucidate underlying physiological and psychological mechanisms, and 3) assess the current status and future directions of forest healing industrialization.MethodsThis research systematically retrieves 5,173 papers from the Web of Science (WoS) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases spaning the period from 1990 to 2023. Based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, namely clear research content, integrated research methods combining on-site experiments and questionnaire interviews, measurable health indicators, and clear intervention measures, a total of 46 papers are selected and analyzed in detail. The research adopts a narrative review method to synthesize and summarize research results, with a focus on the synergistic effects of forest environment, recreational activities, and forest management practices. Analysis includes both quantitative and qualitative data, emphasizing the identification of key mechanisms and existing gaps in existing research to guide future research priorities. In addition, case studies are conducted on Japan and Germany to extract best practices in certification systems, related industries, and medical integration.ResultsForest healing takes place through the interaction of three core elements. 1) Environmental factors: The healing effects of forests are moderated through three environmental dimensions: biological dimension (biodiversity, tree age, canopy density, etc.), physical dimension (microclimate, light intensity, negative air ions, etc.) and landscape dimension (aesthetic value, seasonal variation, etc.). For example, Compared with young forests, mature broad-leaved forests have better health improvement effects. High biodiversity levels are associated with improved mental health indicators. 2) Recreational activities: Activities are categorized as static activities (meditation, watching, etc.), low-intensity activities (walking, yoga, etc.), and moderate to vigorous activities (cycling, jogging, etc.). Walking in the forest may reduce the level of salivary cortisol, while enhancing the activity of natural killer (NK) cell. 3) Forest management: Scientific forest management, including sustainable resource allocation and certification systems, is essential to maintain healing effects. The health outcomes are as follows. 1) Physiological benefits: Significant improvements are observed in five systems: Cardiovascular system (decreased blood pressure), endocrine system (decreased serum cortisol), immune system (increased NK cell activity), respiratory system (improved respiratory function), and nervous system (increased parasympathetic activity). 2) Psychological benefits: Forest therapy reduces stress, depression and anxiety while improving mood, concentration and cognitive function. Forest bathing has produced sustained psychological benefits, including relieving stress, restoring attention, improving mood, enhancing sleep quality and cognitive function, while also reducing levels of anxiety and depression, among others. 3) Spiritual benefits: Forests have a moderating effect on internal mental state. In the forest experience, people may feel a sense of awe towards nature, deeper calmness, and inner harmony, which helps to adjust their mental state. 4) Social benefits: Forest welfare includes providing ecological products, ecosystem services, and environmental education, while promoting social interaction, enhancing social cohesion and connections, and helping to achieve social empowerment and reduce social crime rates and violent incidents. This research also highlights successful industrialization models from countries such as Japan and Germany, which have incorporated forest healing into national welfare programs. These models emphasize healthcare, tourism, and education, and are supported by strong policy frameworks and certification standards. In contrast, China’s forest healing industry is still in its infancy and has tremendous potential for growth through policy support, scientific research, and innovative product development.ConclusionThis research integrates the closed-loop system of “environmental foundation −experience transformation − institutional guarantee”, emphasizing the synergistic effect of forest environment, recreational activities, and forest management in promoting industrialization. The main gaps include insufficient dose − response models, individual heterogeneity (such as gender and specific stress recovery patterns), and clinical validation of therapeutic products. To promote the development of this field, the research proposes the following suggestions. 1) Accurate quantification of forest design: Establish interdisciplinary collaboration, quantify environmental exposure thresholds, prioritize dose − response modeling, and optimize forest configuration design for specific diseases such as hypertension and depression. 2) Policy − industry collaboration: Develop a “government − industry − academia − research” collaboration system to align forest theraph with national health policies, including insurance coverage and medical referrals. 3) Technological innovation: Utilizing digital technology tools such as VR-based forest therapy and AI-driven health monitoring to improve the popularity and economic feasibility of the forest health industry. By addressing these challenges, forest therapy can evolve from a niche health practice into a scalable, evidence-based public health intervention that serves as the cornerstone of a global health strategy aimed at coordinating human well-being and ecosystem resilience, thus contributing to global sustainable development and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

Mapping and Assessing the Supply and Demand of Rural Recreation Services in National Parks: A Case Study of Qianjiangyuan, Zhejiang, China

National parks not only protect natural resources but also provide a variety of cultural ecosystem services, with their rural areas serving as important locations for providing rural recreation services (RRS). Spatial quantification of RRS supply and demand will contribute to ensuring the protection and promotion of human well-being in national parks. In this study, we proposed an integrated framework to map and assess the spatial distribution of RRS supply and demand in Changhong Township, located within Qianjiangyuan National Park. We used a combination of spatial analysis and the MaxEnt model as tools, which played a positive role in saving time when modeling areas providing cultural ecosystem services. Based on the findings, the study area was divided into different zones to propose spatial planning measures. The results showed that (1) the MaxEnt model was robust in mapping RRS supply. RRS supply and demand distribution had high spatial heterogeneity. (2) The proportion of areas where RRS supply exceeded demand was 72.58%, primarily distributed in areas with a high level of naturalness at the periphery of the study area. (3) This study divided Changhong Township into four types of zones: developed recreation service area, potential recreation service area, recreation service demand area, and marginal recreation service area. We proposed suggestions for the scientific utilization and management of RRS in each zone. Overall, our findings provide a scientific basis for planning rural recreation spaces within national parks, promoting the comprehensive utilization of rural cultural ecosystem services

An Observational Study of Park Attributes and Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks of Shanghai, China

Evidence shows that neighborhood parks provide opportunities for urban residents to participate in physical activity, but little is known about the space–behavior relationship of physical settings. This study explored the patterns of use in neighborhood parks, and focused particularly on visitors’ levels of activity supported by the specific landscape features and attributes. Behavior mapping data, including the users’ characteristics, their behaviors and activity levels, and the landscape characteristics, were obtained in three neighborhood parks of Shanghai, China. A total of 6126 park users were documented during the observations, and most of them were involved in sedentary activity. This study found that different environmental settings such as water, plaza, lawn, and architecture supported different types and levels of activity. Although more men than women visited the neighborhood parks, women were more active than men in park-based physical activity. In this Chinese sample, the findings demonstrate behavior mapping is a promising tool to measure park-based physical activity. As this study associated the levels of use with the landscape features, the results are expected to be useful in design practice for promoting regular physical activity.</jats:p

An Observational Study of Park Attributes and Physical Activity in Neighborhood Parks of Shanghai, China

Evidence shows that neighborhood parks provide opportunities for urban residents to participate in physical activity, but little is known about the space&ndash;behavior relationship of physical settings. This study explored the patterns of use in neighborhood parks, and focused particularly on visitors&rsquo; levels of activity supported by the specific landscape features and attributes. Behavior mapping data, including the users&rsquo; characteristics, their behaviors and activity levels, and the landscape characteristics, were obtained in three neighborhood parks of Shanghai, China. A total of 6126 park users were documented during the observations, and most of them were involved in sedentary activity. This study found that different environmental settings such as water, plaza, lawn, and architecture supported different types and levels of activity. Although more men than women visited the neighborhood parks, women were more active than men in park-based physical activity. In this Chinese sample, the findings demonstrate behavior mapping is a promising tool to measure park-based physical activity. As this study associated the levels of use with the landscape features, the results are expected to be useful in design practice for promoting regular physical activity

Landscape Visual Affordance Evaluation at a Regional Scale in National Parks: A Case Study of the Changhong Area in Qianjiangyuan National Park

National parks play a vital role in safeguarding natural scenery, maintaining ecological integrity, and preserving cultural heritage, while simultaneously offering valuable opportunities for recreation and education. Among the diverse resources provided by national parks, visual landscape resources hold particular significance due to their capacity to inspire, educate, and enhance aesthetic appreciation. However, assessing and managing these resources remain challenging, as they span both the physical attributes of the landscape and the human visual perception process. This study aims to develop a theoretical and practical framework for evaluating the &ldquo;landscape visual affordance&rdquo; of national parks. Grounded in ecological psychology&rsquo;s affordance theory, the proposed approach integrates physical affordance and sensory affordance, encompassing both the objective physical attributes of the landscape and the subjective processes of human perception. Drawing on a multi-dimensional set of indicators, the research quantifies physical features&mdash;such as topography, land use, vegetation cover, and landscape structure&mdash;as well as sensory dimensions, including visibility, visual prominence, and viewing frequency. These elements are synthesized into a landscape visibility assessment model built upon the affordance theory framework. The results demonstrate that landscape visual affordance effectively identifies landscape patches with varying degrees of visual quality and importance within national parks and other protected areas. By providing robust support for management decisions&mdash;such as zoned protection, optimizing recreational facilities, and evaluating visitor carrying capacity&mdash;this model offers new insights and practical guidance for the sustainable planning and management of landscapes in national parks and other ecologically critical regions