Evaluation of Biological Activities and Cytotoxicity of Microporus vernicipes PW17-173 and Microporus xanthopus PP17-16 Mushroom Extracts for Natural Cosmetics Applications

Mushroom extracts, known for their rich content of bioactive compounds such as polysaccharides, phenolic acids, vitamins, and minerals, are increasingly recognized for their potential as cosmeceuticals. This study evaluated Microporus vernicipes PW17-173 and Microporus xanthopus PP17-16, collected from northeastern Thailand. The mushrooms were cultured in yeast malt broth, and four extracts were prepared using ethanol and ethyl acetate: culture broth ethyl acetate (BA), culture broth ethanol (BE), mycelium ethyl acetate (MA), and mycelium ethanol (ME). These extracts were assessed for antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory activities. The BA extracts from both species exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, followed by the ME and BE extracts. Anti-tyrosinase assays revealed low IC50 values for BA extracts, with M. vernicipes showing 0.591±0.013 mg/mL and M. xanthopus 0.335±0.055 mg/mL. In anti-inflammatory tests, all extracts from M. vernicipes demonstrated lower IC50 values compared to those from M. xanthopus. Cytotoxicity assays on human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells indicated that the BA and ME extracts caused 50% cell damage at concentrations above 250 µg/mL, while BE extracts exhibited similar toxicity at concentrations above 250 µg/mL for M. vernicipes and 63 µg/mL for M. xanthopus. These findings suggest that Microporus species offer promising potential for cosmetic formulations due to their potent antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase, and anti-inflammatory properties

Global diversity and distribution of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil

Our knowledge of microbial biogeography has advanced in recent years, yet we lack knowledge of the global diversity of some important functional groups. Here, we used environmental DNA from 327 globally collected soil samples to investigate the biodiversity patterns of nitrogen-fixing bacteria by focusing on the nifH gene but also amplifying the general prokaryotic 16S SSU region. Globally, N-fixing prokaryotic communities are driven mainly by climatic conditions, with most groups being positively correlated with stable hot or seasonally humid climates. Among soil parameters, pH, but also soil N content were most often shown to correlate with the diversity of N-fixer groups. However, specific groups of N-fixing prokaryotes show contrasting responses to the same variables, notably in Cyanobacteria that were negatively correlated with stable hot climates, and showed a U-shaped correlation with soil pH, contrary to other N-fixers. Also, the non-N-fixing prokaryotic community composition was differentially correlated with the diversity and abundance of N-fixer groups, showing the often-neglected impact of biotic interactions among bacteria

Characterization and development of tropical gasteromycete fungi in ectomycorrhizal associations

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Molecular phylogeny and re-assessment of some Scleroderma spp. (Gasteromycetes)

9 pages, 3 figures, 1 table.[EN] The fungal genus Scleroderma is cosmopolitan in temperate and tropical regions and forms ectomycorrhizal associations with a wide range of forest trees. To delimit phylogenetic Scleroderma species and identification, 43 basidiomes were chosen of different geographical origins and their rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were sequenced. Phylogenetic analyses of these sequences together with additional GenBank sequences identified 11 taxa. A strong phylogenetic pattern was observed related to a character of their basidiospore ornamentation.[ES] Las especies del género Scleroderma son cosmopolitas y forman ectomicorrizas con un amplio rango de hospedantes, tanto de zonas templadas como tropicales. Para delimitar las especies filogenéticas y la identificación de las mismas, se han seleccionado 43 basidiomas, de diferente origen geográfico, y se han secuenciado las regiones de transcripción interna del ADN ribosómico nuclear. Los análisis filogenéticos de estas colecciones, junto con secuencias obtenidas del GenBank, permiten identificar 11 especies, agrupadas en tres clados relacionados con el tipo de ornamentación de la basidióspora.CP is indebted to the Commission on Higher Education of Thailand, Royal Thai government for financial support and to the European Commission Human Potential Programme for supporting part of this study at the Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (BIODIBERIA).Peer reviewe

Erratum to: Astraeus: hidden dimensions

His son John Corner (in litt.) has since informed me that the actual date of death was 14 September 1996 — just five months after he was presented with the de Bary award of the IMA.</jats:p

Characterization and Whole-Genome Sequencing of <i>Phytobacter palmae</i> WL65, a Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium First Isolated from Rice Rhizosphere Soil in Thailand

Phytobacter palmae WL65, isolated from the rice rhizosphere, was confirmed as P. palmae through whole-genome analysis. WL65 exhibited key plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics, including nitrogen fixation (nifA, nifB, nifD, nifE, nifF, nifH, nifJ, nifK, nifL, nifS, nifU, nifW, and nifX), phosphate solubilization (pstA, pstB, pstC, pstS, phnC, phnD, phnE, and phnV), siderophore production (fhuA, fhuB, fhuC, fhuD, fhuF, feoA, feoB, feoC, acrA, acrB, acrE, acrR, and acrZ), and phytohormone biosynthesis (trpA, trpB, trpC, trpE, trpGD, trpR, and trpS). WL65 also contains an enterobactin biosynthetic gene cluster, essential for iron acquisition and enhancing both bacterial survival and plant growth. This study provides the first genomic insights into the PGP characteristics of P. palmae. The application of WL65 in rice cultivation as a biostimulant resulted in effective root colonization, supported by biofilm formation genes (pgaA, pgaB, pgaC), which enhance bacterial adhesion. The treatment significantly improved rice growth, increasing plant height (5.8%), panicle length (10.2%), and seed yield (34.5%). Soil analysis revealed improved nutrient availability, including increased organic matter (21%), phosphorus (38.4%), potassium (29.8%), and calcium (27%) levels. These findings suggest that WL65 is a promising biofertilizer candidate for improving soil fertility and nutrient uptake in sustainable agriculture

A new species of &lt;I&gt;Pisolithus&lt;/I&gt; from Spain

Volume: 124Start Page: 149End Page: 15

The role of mycorrhizas in more sustainable oil palm cultivation

Oil palm is a significant and developing crop in many developing countries. The introduction of oil palm puts pressure on natural resources because it is often planted in cleared-cut land that previously supported other crops or was forested. This has led to environmental concerns which require attention. Hence it is important that new plantations are managed in a sustainable way to reduce the impact of oil palm cultivation on ecosystems whilst maximising yield and productivity to farmers. The application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) technology is one option that can benefit both agronomic plant health and ecosystems. AMF have the potential to increase conventional agricultural productivity and are crucial for the sustainable functioning of agricultural ecosystems. This paper provides an insight into how AMF application might benefit oil palm cultivation through more sustainable management and the practical use of AMF for oil palm plantations