CCQM-K55.b (Aldrin) : Final report: october 2012. CCQM-K55.b key comparison on the characterization of organic substances for chemical purity

Under the auspices of the Organic Analysis Working Group (OAWG) of the Comité Consultatif pour la Quantité de Matière (CCQM) a key comparison, CCQM K55.b, was coordinated by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) in 2010/2011. Nineteen national measurement institutes and the BIPM participated. Participants were required to assign the mass fraction of aldrin present as the main component in the comparison sample for CCQM-K55.b which consisted of technical grade aldrin obtained from the National Measurement Institute Australia that had been subject to serial recrystallization and drying prior to sub-division into the units supplied for the comparison. Aldrin was selected to be representative of the performance of a laboratory's measurement capability for the purity assignment of organic compounds of medium structural complexity [molar mass range 300 Da to 500 Da] and low polarity (pKOW < −2) for which related structure impurities can be quantified by capillary gas phase chromatography (GC). The key comparison reference value (KCRV) for the aldrin content of the material was 950.8 mg/g with a combined standard uncertainty of 0.85 mg/g. The KCRV was assigned by combination of KCRVs assigned by consensus from participant results for each orthogonal impurity class. The relative expanded uncertainties reported by laboratories having results consistent with the KCRV ranged from 0.3% to 0.6% using a mass balance approach and 0.5% to 1% using a qNMR method. The major analytical challenge posed by the material proved to be the detection and quantification of a significant amount of oligomeric organic material within the sample and most participants relying on a mass balance approach displayed a positive bias relative to the KCRV (overestimation of aldrin content) in excess of 10 mg/g due to not having adequate procedures in place to detect and quantify the non-volatile content—specifically the non-volatile organics content—of the comparison sample. There was in general excellent agreement between participants in the identification and the quantification of the total and individual related structure impurities, water content and the residual solvent content of the sample. The comparison demonstrated the utility of 1H NMR as an independent method for quantitative analysis of high purity compounds. In discussion of the participant results it was noted that while several had access to qNMR estimates for the aldrin content that were inconsistent with their mass balance determination they decided to accept the mass balance result and assumed a hidden bias in their NMR data. By contrast, laboratories that placed greater confidence in their qNMR result were able to resolve the discrepancy through additional studies that provided evidence of the presence of non-volatile organic impurity at the requisite level to bring their mass balance and qNMR estimates into agreement.Fil: Westwood, Steven. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Josephs, Ralf. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Choteau, Tiphaine. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Daireaux, Adeline. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Mesquida, Charline. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Wielgosz, Robert. Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM); FranciaFil: Rosso, Adriana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Ruiz de Arechavaleta, Mariana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial (INTI); ArgentinaFil: Davies, Stephen. National Measurement Institute (NMIA); AustraliaFil: Wang, Hongjie. National Measurement Institute (NMIA); AustraliaFil: Pires do Rego, Eliane Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Marques Rodrigues, Janaína. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: de Freitas Guimarães, Evelyn. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Barreto Sousa, Marcus Vinicius. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Monteiro, Tânia Maria. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Alves das Neves Valente, Laura. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Marques Violante, Fernando Gustavo. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Rubim, Renato. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Almeida, Ribeiro. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Baptista Quaresma, Maria Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Nogueira, Raquel. Instituto Nacional de Metrologia, Qualidade e Tecnologia (INMetro); BrasilFil: Windust, Anthony. Institute for National Measurement Standards. National Research Council Canada (NRC-INMS); CanadáFil: Dai, Xinhua. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Li, Xiaomin. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Zhang, Wei. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Li, Ming. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Shao, Mingwu. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Wei, Chao. National Institute of Metrology (NIM); ChinaFil: Wong, Siu-kay. Government Laboratory of Hong Kong SAR (GLHK); ChinaFil: Cabillic, Julie. Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE); FranciaFil: Gantois, Fanny. Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d’Essais (LNE); FranciaFil: Philipp, Rosemarie. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung (BAM); AlemaniaFil: Pfeifer, Dietmar. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung (BAM); AlemaniaFil: Hein, Sebastian. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung (BAM); AlemaniaFil: Klyk-Seitz, Urszula-Anna. Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung (BAM); AlemaniaFil: Ishikawa, Keiichiro. National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ); JapónFil: Castro, Esther. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Gonzalez, Norma. Centro Nacional de Metrología (CENAM); MéxicoFil: Krylov, Anatoly. D. I. Mendeleev Institute for Metrology (VNIIM); RusiaFil: Lin, Teo Tang. Health Sciences Authority (HSA); SingapurFil: Kooi, Lee Tong. Health Sciences Authority (HSA); SingapurFil: Fernandes-Whaley, M. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: Prévoo, D. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: Archer, M. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: Visser, R. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: Nlhapo, N. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: de Vos, B. National Metrology Institute of South Africa (NMISA); SudáfricaFil: Ahn, Seonghee. Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS); Corea del SurFil: Pookrod, Preeyaporn. National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT); TailandiaFil: Wiangnon, Kanjana. National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT); TailandiaFil: Sudsiri, Nittaya. National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT); TailandiaFil: Muaksang, Kittiya. National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT); TailandiaFil: Cherdchu, Chainarong. National Institute of Metrology of Thailand (NIMT); TailandiaFil: Gören, Ahmet Ceyhan. National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME); TurquíaFil: Bilsel, Mine. National Metrology Institute (TUBITAK UME); TurquíaFil: LeGoff, Thierry. LGC Limited; Reino UnidoFil: Bearden, Dan. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Bedner, Mary. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Duewer, David. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Hancock, Diane. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Lang, Brian. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Lippa, Katrice. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Schantz, Michele. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados UnidosFil: Sieber, John. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Estados Unido

Sensory lexicon development using trained panelists in Thailand and the United States: soy sauce

Twenty soy sauce products were presented to two sensory panels, one in Thailand and one in the U.S. Both panels had extensive training conducting descriptive sensory studies. Neither group had tested soy sauce previously; however, they had different familiarity with soy sauce. Each group separately evaluated samples during the same time period; then met, in Thailand, to compare and discuss their generated lexicons. Most attributes listed by each group of panelists provided similar definitions and references. Although, a few attributes were not used by one or the other panel because that term either does not exist in both languages (e.g., “cured” is not a term for the Thai panel), represented an uncommon characteristic (e.g., “roaches” for the American panel), or were complex concepts (e.g., “brown”), the panelists used references to assist their understanding of unclear attributes. After discussion, both panels agreed on 59 attributes with definitions and references for a soy sauce lexicon. The paper presents attributes in English and Thai

An initial lexicon of sensory properties for nail polish

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to develop an initial lexicon for sensory properties of nail polish and to validate this lexicon using a descriptive analysis study of selected samples. METHODS: Seventeen commercial products from four categories (regular, flake-containing, water-based and gel) were used in this study. Descriptive sensory analysis was conducted in this study to characterize and evaluate application and removal properties of these nail polishes. Data was then processed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis to explore the differences among samples and attributes. RESULTS: A lexicon of twenty-one sensory attributes was developed to describe the application of nail polish. It included three initial texture attributes, thirteen initial appearance attributes and five aroma attributes. A lexicon of five attributes in five stages was developed to describe the removal of nail polish. The results from ANOVA and PCA showed that attributes in the lexicon separated the different product categories. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicated that descriptive sensory analysis can be used to evaluate nail polish. The results of this study present scientists who are working on nail polish an additional tool to describe application and removal properties of nail polish

Effects of consumer characteristics and perceived attributes on perception of fragrances

Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Human NutritionEdgar Chambers IVUnderstanding how consumers perceive fragrances based on different aspects (e.g., hedonic, emotions, term association, expectation of functional benefit, and use occasion, etc.) can help product developers or marketers create the right product or message for consumers. The objective of this study was to understand how consumers from different demographic groups, personality types, and liking patterns responded to fragrance samples. Five masculine odorants were selected and evaluated by 240 consumers across the United States. Results demonstrated that consumers from different groups (classified based on age, gender, or personality) generally differentiated products similarly. However, consumers from different personality segments used the scales differently. That is, persons who were more open, extrovert, or agreeable tended to score higher than the others. Consumers associated the most liked odorants with terms such as clean, crisp, fresh, and natural. In addition, the most liked odorants increased positive emotions, tended to be used across the most occasions, were appropriate for most products, and raised expectations of functional benefits. In contrast, consumers associated the least liked samples with the terms heavy and bold and had negative responses to most items. Similar findings were found when analyses were conducted on consumers classifying based on liking patterns. Each consumer group liked specific odorants; however, the relationship between the most liked samples and the response variables were similar. Analysis results demonstrated that openness to experience was the only personality factor that influenced fragrance acceptance. Consumers from different demographic segments tended to like different fragrances. For example, men tended to like chypré smells, whereas younger consumers tended to like soft floral/powdery scents. One limitation of the study is the number and type of fragrances tested. It is possible that a different set of fragrances could have produced different results. However, the range of fragrances in this study was broad-based and generally covered the types of fragrances typically available in the marketplace

Hvordan bør produkter plasseres i en film eller tv-serie for å gi best mulig effekt på seeren?

Studien inngår i fagfeltet markedsføring, med fordypning i produktplassering. Gjennom problemstillingen: Hvordan bør produkter plasseres i en film eller tv-serie for å gi best mulig effekt på seeren (forbrukeren)? forsøker studien å svare på hvordan et produkt bør plasseres for å gi best mulig effekt – dette er informasjon som kan være svært nyttig for markedsføreren. Problemstillingen svares på gjennom de to dimensjonene hukommelse og holdninger, som måler to viktige aspekter ved effekten av produktplasseringen. Studien er en integrativ litteraturoversikt, og det blir gjennom portalen Oria definert syv artikler som utgjør studiens datasett. Gjennom grundig analyse av datasettet blir resultatene fremlagt og konklusjonen blir som følger: for forbedrede holdninger til produktet bør plasseringen være subtil i sterk handlingssammenheng, mens det for å bedre hukommelse rundt produktet bør plasseres som fremtredende i sterk handlingssammenheng.This integrative literature review tries to find an answer to the research question “How should a product be placed in a product placement to ensure the best effects on the consumer?”. To measure the effect, the study is focusing on brand attitude and memory – which is two important aspects of marketing. Through the web portal Oria, seven articles are identified, and later analyzed to answer the research questions. The study finds that to improve brand attitude the product should be placed as subtle in a strong plot connection, while to improve memory-effects the product should be placed as prominent in a strong plot connection