ON THE EQUIVALENCE OF IMPORT TARIFF AND QUOTA: THE CASE OF RICE IMPORT IN TAIWAN

This paper extends the existing theory on the equivalence of import tariff and quota. If the equivalence is defined on the domestic price level (weak equivalence), then either the zero conjectural variation for domestic country or a perfectly competitive market will be sufficient to support this equivalence. If the equivalence is defined both on the same domestic price level as well as tariff rate (strong equivalence), then the conditions are that either domestic country acts as a Cournot competitor and foreign country is a price taker, or both domestic and foreign country are price takers. An empirical spatial-equilibrium trade model is constructed to simulate the impacts of import tariff and quota. Using Taiwan¡¦s rice import as an example, the empirical results show that if Taiwan switches from the quota system to tariff system, the domestic rice price as well as total social welfare can be increased given the same import volume.International Relations/Trade,

An Application of Nash-Moser Theorem to Smooth Solutions of One-Dimensional Compressible Euler Equation with Gravity

We study one-dimensional motions of polytropic gas governed by the compressible Euler equations. The problem on the half space under a constant gravity gives an equilibrium which has free boundary touching the vacuum and the linearized approximation at this equilibrium gives time periodic solutions. But it is not easy to justify the existence of long-time true solutions for which this time periodic solution is the first approximation. The situation is in contrast to the problem of free motions without gravity. The reason is that the usual iteration method for quasilinear hyperbolic problem cannot be used because of the loss of regularities which causes from the touch with the vacuum. Interestingly, the equation can be transformed to a nonlinear wave equation on a higher dimensional space, for which the space dimension, being larger than 4, is related to the adiabatic exponent of the original one-dimensional problem. We try to find a family of solutions expanded by a small parameter. Applying the Nash-Moser theory, we justify this expansion.The application of the Nash-Moser theory is necessary for the sake of conquest of the trouble with loss of regularities, and the justification of the applicability requires a very delicate analysis of the problem

Corrections to Chiral Dynamics of Heavy Hadrons: SU(3) Symmetry Breaking, (with some minor corrections)

In previous publications we have analyzed the strong and electromagnetic decays of heavy mesons and heavy baryons in a formalism which incorporates heavy-quark and chiral symmetries. There are two possible symmetry-breaking effects on the chiral dynamics of heavy hadrons: the finite-mass effects from light quarks and the $1/ m_Q$ corrections from heavy quarks. In the present paper, chiral-symmetry-breaking effects are studied and applications to various strong and radiative decays of heavy hadrons are illustrated. SU(3) violations induced by chiral loops in the radiative decays of charmed mesons and charmed baryons are compared with those predicted by the constituent quark model. In particular, available data for $D^*$ decays favor values of the parameters in chiral perturbation theory which give predictions for $D^*$ decays close to the quark model results except for the $D^{*+}_s$. Implications are discussed.Comment: PHYZZX, 56 pages and 8 figures (available upon request), CLNS 93/1189, IP-ASTP-01-9

Deferoxamine retinopathy: spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings

BACKGROUND: To describe the spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings of a patient who developed pigmentary retinopathy following high-dose deferoxamine administration. CASE PRESENTATION: A 34-year-old man with thalassemia major complained of nyctalopia and decreased vision following high-dose intravenous deferoxamine to treat systemic iron overload. Fundus examination revealed multiple discrete hypo-pigmented lesions at the posterior pole and mid-peripheral retina. Recovery was partial following cessation of desferrioxamine six weeks later. A follow-up SD-OCT showed multiple accumulated hyper-reflective deposits primarily in the choroid, retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and inner segment and outer segment (IS/OS) junction. CONCLUSION: Deferoxamine retinopathy primarily targets the RPE–Bruch membrane–photoreceptor complex, extending from the peri-fovea to the peripheral retina with foveola sparing. An SD-OCT examination can serve as a simple, noninvasive tool for early detection and long-term follow-up

VI-Band Follow-Up Observations of Ultra-Long-Period Cepheid Candidates in M31

The ultra-long period Cepheids (ULPCs) are classical Cepheids with pulsation periods exceeding $\approx 80$ days. The intrinsic brightness of ULPCs are ~1 to ~3 mag brighter than their shorter period counterparts. This makes them attractive in future distance scale work to derive distances beyond the limit set by the shorter period Cepheids. We have initiated a program to search for ULPCs in M31, using the single-band data taken from the Palomar Transient Factory, and identified eight possible candidates. In this work, we presented the VI-band follow-up observations of these eight candidates. Based on our VI-band light curves of these candidates and their locations in the color-magnitude diagram and the Period-Wesenheit diagram, we verify two candidates as being truly ULPCs. The six other candidates are most likely other kinds of long-period variables. With the two confirmed M31 ULPCs, we tested the applicability of ULPCs in distance scale work by deriving the distance modulus of M31. It was found to be $\mu_{M31,ULPC}=24.30\pm0.76$ mag. The large error in the derived distance modulus, together with the large intrinsic dispersion of the Period-Wesenheit (PW) relation and the small number of ULPCs in a given host galaxy, means that the question of the suitability of ULPCs as standard candles is still open. Further work is needed to enlarge the sample of calibrating ULPCs and reduce the intrinsic dispersion of the PW relation before re-considering ULPCs as suitable distance indicators.Comment: 13 pages, with 14 Figures and 4 Tables (one online table). AJ accepte

Deferoxamine retinopathy: spectral domain-optical coherence tomography findings

Al-Djamiʿ li Ibn al-BaïtharNumérisation effectuée à partir d'un document de substitution