Modelo de planejamento baseado no conceito do last planner como apoio à implementação da lean construction em obras de edificações

The Lean Construction (Lightweight Construction) is a construction philosophy that seeks to reduce the resources needed for the production and the optimization of production processes. The growth of the construction industry, the shortage of manpower and equipment and the need for programming of materials in advance, are reasons that encourage the search for a planning model that allows the reading of the strategic operational plan information. The goal is to demonstrate that a planning model developed with actions and targeted planning techniques by the Last Planner (planning) contribute in the implementation of Lean Construction. With pre supposed that these techniques, when applied, can result in the reduction of time, labour and cost. The search here was exposed through a theoretical and exploratory research method seeking to create a planning model that establishes a clear view of the hierarchy of different levels of management in planning contributes to increased efficiency of the planning system, since the sector has adapted concepts, methods and techniques of industrial environments that differ from the context of the activity that gave rise to the technique just producing a system inadequate and low effectiveness. The planning model formed through a WBS (work breakdown structure project partition), organised in work packages and ordered by the Executive of the sequence, as recommended by the Last Planner, allows the identification of processing activities and workflow, enabling the application of lean production systems. Using a planning System the same EAP budgeting process to work planning, information float from strategic to operational allowing real time get the cash flow of the work, the scheduling of resources and "S" curves of physical and financial monitoring. Through monitoring of the work and the feedback loop of planning, these "S" curves and resource schedules would be altered, depending on the progress of the work, through a single systemic process, the feedback loop of the progress of the work on the physical plan.A Lean Construction (Construção Enxuta) é uma filosofia de construção que busca reduzir os recursos necessários para a produção e a otimização dos processos produtivos. O crescimento da Construção Civil, a escassez de mão de obra e equipamentos e a necessidade de programação dos materiais com antecedência, são razões que encorajam a busca de um modelo de planejamento que possibilite a leitura das informações do plano estratégico ao operacional. O objetivo é demonstrar que um modelo de planejamento elaborado com ações e técnicas de planejamento orientadas pelo Last Planner (planejamento final) contribui na implantação da Lean Construction. Deste modo, fora realizado um estudo de caso comprovando que utilizando técnicas de planejamento existentes em um modelo de planejamento podem resultar na redução de tempo, mão de obra e custo, quando aplicadas as técnicas de maneira associada e respeitando uma sequência na execução do planejamento. A pesquisa aqui exposta foi realizada através de um método de pesquisa teóricoexploratória buscando criar um modelo de planejamento que estabeleça uma visão clara da hierarquização do planejamento nos diferentes níveis gerenciais contribuindo para um aumento da eficiência do sistema de planejamento, uma vez que o setor tem adaptado conceitos, métodos e técnicas dos ambientes industriais que por diferir o contexto da atividade com o que deu origem a técnica acaba produzindo um sistema inadequado e de baixa eficácia. O modelo de planejamento formado através de uma EAP (Estrutura Analítica de Partição do Projeto), organizada em pacotes de trabalho e ordenada pela sequência executiva da obra, conforme recomenda o Last Planner, permite a identificação das atividades de transformação e as de fluxo, possibilitando a aplicação de sistemas enxutos de produção. Utilizando para a realização de um Sistema de Planejamento uma mesma EAP do processo de orçamentação ao planejamento da obra, as informações flutuam do operacional ao estratégico permitindo que em tempo real obtenha-se o fluxo de caixa da obra, a programação dos recursos e as curvas “S” de acompanhamento físico e financeiro. Através do acompanhamento da obra e da retroalimentação do planejamento, estas curvas “S” e as programações dos recursos seriam alteradas, conforme o andamento da obra, através de um único processo sistêmico, a retroalimentação do andamento da obra no físico planejado

The Use of Silver Diamine Fluoride in Pediatric Dentistry

This book chapter aims to discuss the main aspects related to the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in Pediatric Dentistry. The composition and mechanism of action of the SDF are presented, as well as the application technique and indications. The effectiveness of SDF is reported based on contemporary scientific evidence from laboratory and clinical studies, focusing on its effect in enamel and dentin remineralization and caries arrestment. Parental and professional acceptance of tooth staining is presented, as well as the use of potassium iodide as a possible alternative to manage this side-effect. Taking all the discussed information together, it is possible to conclude that the SDF is a simple and effective treatment to halt the dental caries progress in children

Managing carious lesions:consensus recommendations on terminology

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Use of Sealants in Permanent Molars by Brazilian Dentist: A Comparative Study of Public versus Private

Objective: To compare the use of sealants in permanent molars between public and private dentists in Brazil. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and analytical web survey study. The convenience sample consisted of dentists in Brazil who answered a pre-tested online form released via social media between July and October 2021. Descriptive analysis was performed using absolute and relative frequencies (%) and associations using the Chi-square test (p<0.05). Results: Brazilian professionals participated in the study (n=2,244). Comparing the professionals from the public service with those from the private service, the former had a higher positive perception of the use of sealants as a preventive (92.4% vs. 81.1%, p<0.001) and therapeutic procedure (90.7% vs. 82.4%, p=0.001), higher percentage of non-invasive (91.7% vs. 83.8%, p<0.001) and invasive (22.8% vs. 12.0%, p< 0.001) techniques. Professionals from the private service reported more frequently that they did not use sealants than those from the public service (14.0% vs. 4.8%, p<0.001). Resin sealant (97.7% vs. 94.9%, p=0.015) and Flow resin (62.0% vs. 54.3%, p=0.013) were the most used by professionals in the private service. The use of glass ionomer cement was not associated with the type of service (75.1% vs. 77.2%, p=0.172), nor was the use of adhesives (0.6% vs. 1.4%, p=0.195) or resin with Giomer technology (1.9% vs. 2.2%, p=0.856) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of use of sealants among dentists in Brazil is high, especially among professionals in the public service, and the most used materials were resinous sealants and glass ionomer cement

Association of early life health conditions, nutritional status, and feeding practices with caries prevalence in preschool children

This study aimed to determine whether health conditions in the first year of life, nutritional status and dietary habits throughout life are related to the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods: Sample consisted of 338 children from public schools. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by dmf-t index. An anthropometric analysis was conducted for identification of nutritional risk. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis, considering the dependent variables: a) presence of ECC (dmft ≥ 1); b) presence of severe ECC (dmft ≥ 6). Results: It was observed that 64% of the children exhibited ECC (mean dmft 2.97) and 23% suffer from severe ECC (mean dmft 8.2). 28 (11%) were at nutritional risk and more than 30% consumed sweets one or more times a day. It was observed that 8% showed low birth weight, 9% used antibiotics frequently in the first year of life and 67% maintained the habit of nocturnal bottle/breast-feeding after this period. Nocturnal feeding for prolonged time, frequent use of antibiotics and nutritional risk were associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results reinforce the relationship between early life events, nutritional status, and dental caries in primary teeth.This study aimed to determine whether health conditions in the first year of life, nutritional status and dietary habits throughout life are related to the prevalence of early childhood caries (ECC). Material and methods: Sample consisted of 338 children from public schools. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed by dmf-t index. An anthropometric analysis was conducted for identification of nutritional risk. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Poisson regression analysis, considering the dependent variables: a) presence of ECC (dmft ≥ 1); b) presence of severe ECC (dmft ≥ 6). Results: It was observed that 64% of the children exhibited ECC (mean dmft 2.97) and 23% suffer from severe ECC (mean dmft 8.2). 28 (11%) were at nutritional risk and more than 30% consumed sweets one or more times a day. It was observed that 8% showed low birth weight, 9% used antibiotics frequently in the first year of life and 67% maintained the habit of nocturnal bottle/breast-feeding after this period. Nocturnal feeding for prolonged time, frequent use of antibiotics and nutritional risk were associated with higher prevalence and severity of caries in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion: These results reinforce the relationship between early life events, nutritional status, and dental caries in primary teeth

Orthodontic bracket bonding techniques and adhesion failures : a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review compared the bonding failures of orthodontic brackets bonded by indirect or direct techniques. Data sources: The searched databases were Cochrane Library, LILACS, BBO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science. A search for randomized clini

Supply of Inputs and Procedures Non-Invasive and Micro-Invasive in Primary Care: Historical Series by Brazilian Regions

Objective: To analyze the supply of input and procedures, non-invasive and micro-invasive, for dental caries lesions in Primary Care in Brazil, comparing the Brazilian geographic regions in three different periods. Material and Methods: Historical series study based on secondary data extracted from the 1st Cycle (2012), 2nd (2014), and 3rd cycle (2018) of the External Evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality of Primary Care. The proportions of Oral Health Teams offering non-invasive (fluor) and micro-invasive (sealants) supplies and procedures between Brazilian geographic regions were compared using the Chi-square test, using the Z Test adjusted by the Bonferroni method, and between the years (2012, 2014, and 2018) using the Cochran Q test (p<0.05). The percentage variation between the proportions per cycle was calculated. Results: The availability of inputs of fluor gel in Brazil increased between 2014 (91.6%) and 2018 (94.1%) (p<0.001), but statistically only in the Northeast and North (p<0.001). The offer of the topical fluorine procedure increased between 2012 (78.8%) and 2018 (87.4%) (p<0.001) in Brazil, with the most significant increase in the North (+7.5%) and Northeast (+22.0%). There was greater availability of inputs of sealants in Brazil between 2012 (56.8%) and 2018 (69.5%) (p<0.001) in Brazil, and more significant expansion in the Northeast (+43.4%). There was a greater offer of the sealing procedure in Brazil between 2014 (98.6%) and 2018 (98.5%), compared to 2012 (94.7%) (p<0.001), with more significant expansion in the North (+5.8%). Conclusion: There was an increase in the supply of input and procedures, non-invasive and micro-invasive, in Primary Care in Brazil. Despite maintaining regional inequalities, they were reduced, with greater expansion in the North and Northeast regions between the years evaluated

Factors associated with positive perceptions of sealant use on permanent molars among Brazilian dentists

Abstract This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with the perception among Brazilian dentists of the preventive or therapeutic use of sealants on permanent molars. A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted with Brazilian dentists between July and October 2021 to examine their use of social media and gather data regarding sealant-related practices. A structured questionnaire was developed and applied to collect information on participants’ professional profiles, clinical indications, materials, techniques, and perceptions of pit and fissure sealants. The study outcomes were the positive perception of sealant use as: (a) a preventive measure, or (b) a therapeutic approach to carious lesions. Responses were dichotomized into positive perception (“strongly agree” or “agree”) and negative perception (“neither agree nor disagree,” “disagree” or “strongly disagree”). Independent variables included sociodemographic, educational, professional, and technical characteristics. Multiple logistic regression models were used to analyze associations (p < 0.05). A total of 2,394 dentists participated in the study, 82.5% of whom had a positive perception of sealants for prevention, and 83.1%, for therapeutic purposes. A greater likelihood of positive perception of preventive sealant use was observed among educators, those employed in public health services, dentists who “always” performed sealant application, and those who used resin sealant, glass ionomer cement, or flowable resin. Conversely, professionals working in capital cities had a lower likelihood of a positive perception. Professionals from cities with populations exceeding 500,000 inhabitants, interior areas, or metropolitan regions were less likely to have a positive perception of therapeutic sealant use. However, those who used resin sealants, glass ionomer cement, or flowable resin were more likely to perceive sealants positively. In conclusion, the positive perception of sealant use for prevention was associated with educational, professional, and technical factors, whereas the positive perception of therapeutic use was associated with professional and technical factors