Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Collective Microwave Phenomena in Solids Semiannual Status Report, 1 Apr. - 30 Sep. 1966

Theory and experiments in microwave propagation and amplification using solid state devices, and calculations of electronic deflection of laser beam

Using parse features for preposition selection and error detection

We evaluate the effect of adding parse features to a leading model of preposition usage. Results show a significant improvement in the preposition selection task on native speaker text and a modest increment in precision and recall in an ESL error detection task. Analysis of the parser output indicates that it is robust enough in the face of noisy non-native writing to extract useful information

Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Collective Microwave Phenomena in Solids Semiannual Status Report, 1 Oct. 1967 - 31 Mar. 1968

Microwave amplification in high resistivity GaAs and Gunn effect in GaAs oscillator

Linguistics

Contains reports on three research projects.National Institute of Mental Health (Grant 5 P01 MH13390-09

Returns on FDI: Does the U.S. Really Do Better?

According to the U.S. external accounts, U.S. investors earn a significantly higher rate of return on their foreign investments than foreigners earn in the United States. This continued strong performance has produced a positive net investment income balance despite the deterioration in the U.S. net asset position in recent years. We examine the major competing explanations for the apparent differential between the rates of return. In particular, almost the entire difference occurs in FDI, where American firms operating abroad appear to earn a persistently higher return than that earned by foreign firms operating in the U.S. We first review a number of explanations in the literature for this differential. We then offer some new evidence on the role of income shifting between jurisdictions with varying rates of taxation. Using country-specific income and tax data, we find that about one-third of the excess return earned by U.S. corporations abroad can be explained by firms reporting "extra" income in low tax jurisdictions of their affiliates.

The collapse in bank lending in 2008-09 led directly to falling employment at nonfinancial firms

Does the health of banks on Wall Street affect economic outcomes on Main Street? After the 2008-09 financial crisis, bank lending to nonfinancial firms declined significantly, with effects on employment and incomes. Drawing on data from over 2,000 firms, Gabriel Chodorow-Reich finds that credit restrictions accounted for between one-third and one-half of the employment decline at small and medium firms in the year following the Lehman bankruptcy. He also finds that the ‘stickiness’ of bank-borrower relationships meant that many firms that that had pre-crisis links with less healthy lenders suffered more than those that had relationships with healthier ones

Managing infertility in primary care

Couples may be reluctant to disclose they are experiencing infertility. Helen Allan and Ginny Mounce provide a discussion on the anxiety couples experience and how to care for these patient

How can SMEs benefit from big data? Challenges and a path forward

Big data is big news, and large companies in all sectors are making significant advances in their customer relations, product selection and development and consequent profitability through using this valuable commodity. Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have proved themselves to be slow adopters of the new technology of big data analytics and are in danger of being left behind. In Europe, SMEs are a vital part of the economy, and the challenges they encounter need to be addressed as a matter of urgency. This paper identifies barriers to SME uptake of big data analytics and recognises their complex challenge to all stakeholders, including national and international policy makers, IT, business management and data science communities. The paper proposes a big data maturity model for SMEs as a first step towards an SME roadmap to data analytics. It considers the ‘state-of-the-art’ of IT with respect to usability and usefulness for SMEs and discusses how SMEs can overcome the barriers preventing them from adopting existing solutions. The paper then considers management perspectives and the role of maturity models in enhancing and structuring the adoption of data analytics in an organisation. The history of total quality management is reviewed to inform the core aspects of implanting a new paradigm. The paper concludes with recommendations to help SMEs develop their big data capability and enable them to continue as the engines of European industrial and business success. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Super gentes et regna: Papal 'Empire' in the Later Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries

Papal relations with monarchs in the later eleventh and twelfth centuries have often been characterized as ‘feudal’, as indicative of some sort of papal dominium mundi, or as an effort to advance papal ‘empire’ over the kingdoms of Christendom. More recent scholarship has drawn a distinction between ‘protection’ and ‘feudal’ relationships with kings. However, the supposed distinction between the papacy's temporal overlordship of rulers and its spiritual protection may have obscured more than it has revealed. It was only after the disputes over lay investiture of bishops in the period 1078–1122 that a distinctive protective relationship began to emerge. Previously, rulers had been willing to ‘accept their kingdom from the pope's hand’ or to participate in ceremonies of investiture. In the twelfth century these relationships became more codified and any suggestion that the papacy actually gave kingdoms to kings faded. Thus, the nature of papal ‘empire’ – or, at least, temporal authority over kings – changed markedly during this period