Bonding to tooth structure: clinical and biological considerations.

Marginal leakage of tooth restorations is a problem well known to dental practitioners and researchers. The development of agents that provide strong and stable adhesive bonds to both dentine and enamel in the oral environment is a challenge to scientists. The critical area in resin restorations is at the gingival margin where the resin is in apposition to dentine and/or cementum. Therefore, investigations into dentine bonding have been undertaken over the past 20 years. The evaluation of bonding agents includes studies in vitro to investigate their ability to aid the control of microleakage. The biological safety of bonding agents is also very important. Pulpal response to these agents is useful in biological evaluation. Animal studies on the pulpal response of available bonding agents have been reported recently. Precise evaluation criteria have been employed on a limited basis. Long-term clinical studies are now necessary to evaluate the stability of the commercially available bonding agents that have been histologically and biologically evaluated

Cavity wall adaptation and voids in adhesive Class I resin composite restorations

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Comparison of thermoplasticized gutta-percha root canal obturation technique to the lateral condensation.

This in vitro study compared the quality of filling the root canal by the conventional lateral condensation technique to the fill by the commercially available thermoplasticized gutta-percha method. Subjective radiographic evaluation of density, presence of voids, and extent of fill were made for each of the 20 freshly extracted maxillary central incisors used for this study. Voids were noted in 10% of the laterally condensed canals, versus 40% of those obturated with the thermoplasticized gutta-percha. The mean time (in seconds) to obturate the canals with lateral condensation was 387 (s = 112); of the experimental was 145 (s = 23). We conclude that thermoplastisizing and injecting the gutta-percha into the root canal was a fast and a relatively easy technique, but the resultant filling was no more dense, and was shorter apically than the laterally condensed gutta-percha