The Effect of the Minimum Wage on the Average Wage in France (in French)

This study investigates the impact of minimum wage (SMIC) increases on the average wage in France. We use two series of average wage: the average hourly blue-collar wage rate (SHBO) and the average wage per capita (SMPT). We combine these series with aggregate data for the overall economy over four decades from 1970 to 2009, going from the SMIC first implementation (in 1970) to the change in the annual calendar of mandatory increases (in 2009) from the 1st of July to the 1st of January by the law of the 3rd December 2008. We provide three original contributions with respect to the existing literature. First, our study is based on data from a much longer period of time which gives us more information. Second, the models we estimate allow for a very gradual impact of the minimum wage on the average wage, while previous studies often assumed only an immediate impact. Third, we differentiate the impact of minimum wage increases on the average wage by distinguishing between the effects of each of the three sources of increase. Our results confirm the advantages of this approach. Because of the discretionary increases of the minimum wage from the government (the so-called “coup de pouces”), the minimum wage increased more rapidly than the average wage over the period 1970-2009. Our estimates suggest that the impact on the average wage of minimum wage increases is strong. This impact is larger than in previous studies because our models take into account the existence of dynamic diffusion effects. Finally, minimum wage increases related to the legal indexation to half of the increase in the purchasing power of the SHBO have a large effect on the SHBO itself. This result suggests that a feedback effect between the minimum wage and the SHBO is possible and could trigger the dynamics between these series. As a consequence of the legal system of revaluation of the minimum wage and of the impact of these increases on the average wage, France is probably one of the industrialized countries where competitiveness is the most threatened by inflation volatility.Minimum Wage, Average Wage, France.

Simultaneous Induction Heating and Electromagnetic Stirring of a Molten Glass Bath

International audienceThis paper studies solutions for an efficient induction heating and a strong electromagnetic stirring of the molten glass bath through the action of Lorentz forces in a direct induction furnace. Different spatial configurations of AC magnetic fields - travelling, rotating or helicoidal, and the generated molten glass electromagnetic stirring are studied with one-way coupled electromagnetic and hydrodynamic models. For imposed value of the active power induced in the molten glass, the numerical experiments offers the values of the total inductor current and of the supply frequency for which an efficient electromagnetic stirring of molten glass is achieved

Impact des conditions de traitements thermiques sur la cristallisation dans un verre nucléaire simplifié

9 pagesL'incorporation du néodyme et du molybdène dans les verres nucléaires est une problématique liée aux risques de cristallisation de certaines phases riches en terres rares (TR) : l'apatite Ca2TR8 (SiO4)6O2 et en molybdène : les molybdates de calcium CaMoO4 et de sodium Na2MoO4. En raison de la capacité de certaines de ces phases à modifier le comportement à long terme de la matrice de confinement, il est impératif de bien comprendre ces phénomènes de cristallisation afin de les maîtriser. Ce travail présente une étude réalisée par DRX et MEB-FEG sur la cristallisation des phases apatite Ca2Nd8(SiO4)6O2 et powellite CaMoO4 en fonction de la température et de la composition dans deux verres aluminoborosilicatés ayant subi un traitement thermique de nucléation et de croissance. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence les domaines de cristallisation des deux phases ainsi que leur microstructure en fonction de la température de croissance. De plus, il est apparu que le néodyme a tendance à inhiber la cristallisation de la powellite

Interview with Joel Meyerowitz on the occasion of “Joel Meyerowitz. A Retrospective”

Géraldine Chouard: Thank you, Joel Meyerowitz, for granting us this interview on the occasion of the exhibition of your work in Paris at the Maison Européenne de la Photographie. The first picture of the exhibit, of a woman diving into the water, literally makes the visitor take the plunge into flux (cloud of bubbles) and color (swimming-pool blue); it’s almost as if we get splashed watching it. Why did you choose to exhibit this picture upside down? Joel Meyerowitz: I was making an installat..

Deterministic equivalent of the Conjugate Kernel matrix associated to Artificial Neural Networks

We study the Conjugate Kernel associated to a multi-layer linear-width feed-forward neural network with random weights, biases and data. We show that the empirical spectral distribution of the Conjugate Kernel converges to a deterministic limit. More precisely we obtain a deterministic equivalent for its Stieltjes transform and its resolvent, with quantitative bounds involving both the dimension and the spectral parameter. The limiting equivalent objects are described by iterating free convolution of measures and classical matrix operations involving the parameters of the model

“Le Portrait Daguerrien en Amérique”/”The Daguerreian Portrait in America” (14 Sept – 1 Dec 2013)

The exhibition “Le Portrait daguerrien en Amérique/The Daguerreian Portrait in America” took place in Bry-sur-Marne at the Daguerre Mansion and in Lagny-sur-Marne. The exhibition was co–curated by Professor François Brunet (University of Paris–Diderot), Wm. B. Becker (Director of the American Museum of Photography) and Margaret Calvarin (Museum Director of the City of Bry–sur–Marne). The portion of the exhibition in Lagny–sur–Marne was under the direction of Céline Cotty. This interview to..

Rosa Parks @ 100

Cornell University associate professor Riché Richardson, a native of Montgomery, Alabama, gave a talk at the Rosa Parks Museum in the city on February 4, 2013 entitled “Rosa Parks @100” as part of the national celebration from Montgomery to Detroit. Her art quilt, “Rosa Parks, Whose ‘No’ in 1955 Launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Was Heard Around the World,” is among the art that was presented at this historic celebration. Other highlights included National Book Award poet Nikky Finney r..

Rosa Parks @ 100

Cornell University associate professor Riché Richardson, a native of Montgomery, Alabama, gave a talk at the Rosa Parks Museum in the city on February 4, 2013 entitled “Rosa Parks @100” as part of the national celebration from Montgomery to Detroit. Her art quilt, “Rosa Parks, Whose ‘No’ in 1955 Launched the Montgomery Bus Boycott and Was Heard Around the World,” is among the art that was presented at this historic celebration. Other highlights included National Book Award poet Nikky Finney r..