Extracts of Neptunia prostrata Linn. ameliorates progression of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in animal models

Background: The herb Neptunia prostrata Linn. belonging to the family Mimosaceae has been used in folkloric medicine in the North-eastern states of India of Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya by indigenous herbal healers since time immemorial but there is a scarcity of any background study documenting its use as an antimicrobial herb. For the same, plants were collected and authenticated. Methods: Following identification of these herbs methanolic, ethanolic, pet ether and chloroform extracts were prepared using soxhlation. Acute toxicity study as per OECD guidelines 420 was assessed in wistar albino rats and in swiss albino mice (n=5) of both sexes at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight and did not reveal any morbidity or mortality in the animals within the stipulated period. Phytochemical screening was performed on all four extracts of Neptunia prostrata. Results: Phytochemical constituents depicted presence of glycoside, flavonoids in only ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform extracts. Alkaloids were present in the chloroform extract. The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity was performed by HFD-STZ models in rats. The herbs showed antioxidant activity comparable to standard antioxidants in-vitro such as Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) with comparable IC50 values. Conclusions: Results of the antidiabetic shows immense potential in animal models and therapeutics and the antibacterial screening suggests conspicuous and potent putative role in the therapeutics of a vast plethora bacterial infections that need to be corroborated for the expansion of future prospective in vivo studies with larger sample size

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING ROSUVASTATIN USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

Objective: Rosuvastatin calcium, a BCS class II drug with low solubility, was optimized using a central composite design to improve its bioavailability. Methods: The study utilized Kolliphor RH 40 as an emulsifier and glyceryl monostearate as a solid lipid in preparing solid lipid nanoparticle dispersion, optimizing formulations based on mean dissolution time and entrapment efficiency. Results: The study analyzed the entrapment efficiency and mean dissolution time of the prepared solid lipid nanoparticles. The range of mean dissolution time was found 7.1+0.5 to 8.9+0.6 hours. The highest entrapment efficiency was found to be 90.28%, with a standard deviation of 0.2. The linear model was chosen based on data precision and trend, while the quadratic model was selected for mean dissolution time. The 3D view graph indicated the model/equation followed by the formulations. The optimized formulation had a particle size of 16.16+10 nm and particle size distribution index to 0.729+002, indicating high homogeneity. Transmission electron microscopy images and dynamic light scattering data were in correlation. XRD, DSC used to analyze the drug's transformation into amorphous form. The dissolution profile of different formulations was plotted, and the optimized formulation followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. FTIR showed drug peaks, indicating no interaction. Conclusion: The study suggested that the bioavailability of rosuvastatin calcium can be enhanced through the preparation of solid lipid nanoparticles of smaller size and sustained release of rosuvastatin

Current Status and Challenges of Herbal Drug Development and Regulatory aspect: A Global Perspective

Conventional herbal medication has picked up an gigantic sum of intrigued around the world due to their viability within the treatment of extreme illnesses from the period of antiquated civilizations. Phytomedicines are considered as a major healthcare supplier around the globe especially in rustic and farther ranges. A huge segment of individuals depends upon or accept in home grown drugs as a essential cure for different afflictions rather than manufactured drugs. Researchers are paying much attention towards herbal medicine as compared to synthetic drugs due to their severe side-effects, toxicity with less efficacy and specificity. Despite significant increase in global interest for the investigation and development of new botanical products, only few have been approved till now. Natural product medication development has significant technical and monetary hurdles, including a time-consuming formulation process, quality assurance, safety, therapeutic efficacy, promoting, and administrative issues. In order to meet these challenges, the regulatory agencies EMEA, ICH, AYUSH, DCGI, WHO, and U.S. FDA trying to bring these herbal drugs under regulatory pipeline under the NDA approval process. Moreover,  the process of drug discovery have also been revolutionized with the new advent of technologies such as the successful drug development of a novel therapeutic agent is critically relies on the process which adopts novel approaches and involves the concept of ADMET (i.e., absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) in the early stages of drug discovery along with the interaction profiles of herb-herb and herb-synthetic. In the present review, we will address the noteworthy opportunities and issues related with phyto-drug improvement in various developing and developed nations such as Europe, U.S. and India, its commercialization with regulatory guidelines and recommended potential methods to bring them up into the mainstream of modern medical practices and healthcare. &nbsp

Synthesis and characterization of ester-diol based polyurethane: a potentiality check for hypopharyngeal tissue engineering application

ABSTRACT: Hypopharyngeal tissue engineering is increasing rapidly in this developing world. Tissue damage or loss needs the replacement by another biological or synthesized membrane using tissue engineering. Tissue engineering research is emerging to provide an effective solution for damaged tissue replacement. Polyurethane in tissue engineering has successfully been used to repair and restore the function of damaged tissues. In this context, Can polyurethane be a useful material to deal with hypopharyngeal tissue defects? To explore this, here ester diol based polyurethane (PU) was synthesized in two steps: firstly, polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) was reacted with lactic acid to prepare ester diol, and then it was polymerized with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The physical, mechanical, and biological testing was done to testify the characterization of the membrane. The morphology of the synthesized membrane was investigated by using field emission scanning electron microscopy. Functional groups of the obtained membrane were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. Several tests were performed to check the in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of the membrane. A highly connected homogeneous network was obtained due to the appropriate orientation of a hard segment and soft segment in the synthesized membrane. Mechanical property analysis indicates the membrane has a strength of 5.15 MPa and strain 124%. The membrane showed high hemocompatibility, no cytotoxicity on peripheral blood mononuclear cell, and susceptible to degradation in simulated body fluid solution. Antimicrobial activity assessment has shown promising results against clinically significant bacteria. Primary hypopharyngeal cell growth on the PU membrane revealed the cytocompatibility and subcutaneous implantation on the back of Wistar rats were given in vivo biocompatibility of the membrane. Therefore, the synthesized material can be considered as a potential candidate for a hypopharyngeal tissue engineering application. GRAPHIC ABSTRACT: [Image: see text

Extracts of Neptunia prostrata Linn. ameliorates progression of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in animal models

Background: The herb Neptunia prostrata Linn. belonging to the family Mimosaceae has been used in folkloric medicine in the North-eastern states of India of Assam, Tripura and Meghalaya by indigenous herbal healers since time immemorial but there is a scarcity of any background study documenting its use as an antimicrobial herb. For the same, plants were collected and authenticated. Methods: Following identification of these herbs methanolic, ethanolic, pet ether and chloroform extracts were prepared using soxhlation. Acute toxicity study as per OECD guidelines 420 was assessed in wistar albino rats and in swiss albino mice (n=5) of both sexes at doses of 2000 mg/kg body weight and did not reveal any morbidity or mortality in the animals within the stipulated period. Phytochemical screening was performed on all four extracts of Neptunia prostrata. Results: Phytochemical constituents depicted presence of glycoside, flavonoids in only ethanolic, methanolic and chloroform extracts. Alkaloids were present in the chloroform extract. The antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activity was performed by HFD-STZ models in rats. The herbs showed antioxidant activity comparable to standard antioxidants in-vitro such as Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) with comparable IC50 values. Conclusions: Results of the antidiabetic shows immense potential in animal models and therapeutics and the antibacterial screening suggests conspicuous and potent putative role in the therapeutics of a vast plethora bacterial infections that need to be corroborated for the expansion of future prospective in vivo studies with larger sample size.</jats:p