DIGITIZATION OF HISTORICAL INFORMATION AT THE NATIONAL ARCHIVES OF ZAMBIA: CRITICAL STRATEGIC REVIEW

The paper reviews the digitization project carried out at the National Archives of Zambia. The patrimony of the National Archives of Zambia is immense and of unquestionable historical relevance. However, it has suffered both from a lack of exposure and from an outdated system of record keeping and consultation. While not many interested parties were able to access materials directly, those who did contributed unwittingly to their gradual destruction: combined with other external agents, physical consultation can be greatly detrimental. This paper reveals that the objectives of the project were to safeguard and ensure the preservation of the most valuable and perishable components of the archival patrimony of the National Archives of Zambia; to render them more accessible and facilitate their future use by a broader number of researchers and interested parties; to enable a select group of staff of the National Archives of Zambia to gain theoretical knowledge and practical experience in electronic records management and website design; and to enhance the national and international visibility of the National Archives of Zambia by increasing awareness of its holdings. The paper discusses the activities that were undertaken to achieve each objective and the contribution made by external players, and concludes by assessing the challenges posed by the project, the experience gained and lessons learnt

Quantifying travel behavior for infectious disease research: a comparison of data from surveys and mobile phones.

Human travel impacts the spread of infectious diseases across spatial and temporal scales, with broad implications for the biological and social sciences. Individual data on travel patterns have been difficult to obtain, particularly in low-income countries. Travel survey data provide detailed demographic information, but sample sizes are often small and travel histories are hard to validate. Mobile phone records can provide vast quantities of spatio-temporal travel data but vary in spatial resolution and explicitly do not include individual information in order to protect the privacy of subscribers. Here we compare and contrast both sources of data over the same time period in a rural area of Kenya. Although both data sets are able to quantify broad travel patterns and distinguish regional differences in travel, each provides different insights that can be combined to form a more detailed picture of travel in low-income settings to understand the spread of infectious diseases

Assessing access barriers to Tuberculosis (TB) and Antiretroviral (ARV) treatment in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town South Africa

Access to health care is a very important concept which has equally important implications to the health status of individuals. However, there have been a lot of debates among researchers and policy makers on what constitutes access, and how it can be made less conceptual and more operational. The concept of access has continued to receive increased attention because of a growing realisation of its importance in health policy. Furthermore, provision of services alone without understanding barriers individuals face in accessing services could result in less optimal outcomes. It is therefore necessary to have an understanding of what "access" entails and factors that influence it if we are to have a real chance of improving access to health services and therefore enhance health. In this thesis access is viewed as consisting of three (3) interrelated and measurable dimensions (availability, affordability and acceptability). These access dimensions are related to both the system and user characteristics. Access is therefore said to have been achieved when all the three dimensions have been satisfied. Using the above definition of access, the main focus of this thesis is on access barriers (in relation to the three access dimensions) to both Tuberculosis (TB) and Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) services in Mitchell's Plain, Cape Town South Africa. Secondary cross-sectional data was used for this purpose. Access to TB and HIV treatment has been given priority because the two diseases have had a massive and negative impact on public health in the country. In addition, patients using these services may face similar barriers to care. Findings of this thesis are expected to provide insights into the barriers TB and HIV patients face in seeking care vis-a-vis availability, affordability and acceptability of services. Findings will therefore prove valuable in as far as improving access is concerned

Are Savings Working for Zambia’s Growth?

This article analyses the effect of savings on economic growth in Zambia. Using vector auto regression, the article finds that economic growth ‘Granger’ causes domestic savings. This goes contrary to the neoclassical theory on the relationship between economic growth and savings. However, the article argues that a case of increasing domestic savings mobilization holds on the premise that doing so may influence growth indirectly by attracting partnerships with international capital thereby helping to inject new technology in the economy which is undoubtedly vital for growth. The argument is strengthened further by observing that East Asian countries have grown faster than Latin American countries from the 1960s. The key distinguishing factor was that the saving rate in East Asian countries was higher than the rate in Latin American countries

Are Savings Working for Zambia’s Growth?

This article analyses the effect of savings on economic growth in Zambia. Using vector auto regression, the article finds that economic growth ‘Granger’ causes domestic savings. This goes contrary to the neoclassical theory on the relationship between economic growth and savings. However, the article argues that a case of increasing domestic savings mobilization holds on the premise that doing so may influence growth indirectly by attracting partnerships with international capital thereby helping to inject new technology in the economy which is undoubtedly vital for growth. The argument is strengthened further by observing that East Asian countries have grown faster than Latin American countries from the 1960s. The key distinguishing factor was that the saving rate in East Asian countries was higher than the rate in Latin American countries

Poverty and inequality measurement and determinants : the case of Zambia

Includes bibliographical references (leaves 98-103).This thesis investigates the role of education, employment and household structure in explaining poverty and inequality in Zambia between 1991 and 2004. This period was characterized by macroeconomic and structural adjustment reforms that led to declining public sector employment due to liquidations and retrenchments and changed education distribution due to, among many other reasons, the introduction of user fees. Trends in poverty and inequality are profiled. It is found that poverty increased while inequality reduced. The thesis explores some key drivers of these changes. Using a semi-parametric kernel density re-weighting approach, it is found that changes in education endowments and economic returns to education, employment and household attributes explain a substantial part of changes in the distribution of consumption and therefore inequality

成人における筋力、体組成の前糖尿病発生との関係

筑波大学University of Tsukuba博士（医学）Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Science2020doctoral thesi

成人における筋力、体組成の前糖尿病発生との関係

筑波大学University of Tsukuba博士（医学）Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences2020【要旨】thesi