52 research outputs found
No mycorrhizae on Schoenoplectus maritimus in the Camargue
It has been thought for a long time that wetland plants were devoid of mycorrhizae. In recent years, however, an increasing number of studies have reported the presence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae (or endomycorrhizae) on
several marsh plants. These fungi are often beneficial for their hosts enhancing growth through better mineral and water nutrition as well as photosynthetic activity. Giving the importance of endomycorrhizae on resource allocation, we sought to determine whether these structures were present
on S. maritimus growing in southern France. We sampled roots of 25 tubers collected at 5 sampling stations in 2 marshes for a total of 250 roots. Roots were stained and observed under a light microscope (400 X). No fungal structures (hyphae, vesicles, arbuscles, or spores) were observed on
S. maritimus roots
455. Records of Eurasian Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus) in Provideniya, Providensky District, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia
Note on the nomenclature of Myrmothera guttata Vieillot, 1824 (Passeriformes, Thamnophilidae)
Extinct and endangered (‘E&E’) birds in the ornithological collections of the Musée de la Vallée, Barcelonnette, France, with comments on a Siberian Crane Leucogeranus leucogeranus egg
List of type specimens of birds in the Baillon Collection (La Chatre, France). Part 1. Non-Passerines
Volume: 135Start Page: 131End Page: 15
L’importance de l’ <i>Histoire naturelle des oiseaux</i> (1765-1783) de Buffon et de Guéneau de Montbeillard dans la taxonomie des oiseaux : présentation et correspondance entre les “aigles” de Buffon et les espèces reconnues par Linné, Brisson et Gmélin
Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon et son collaborateur Philibert Guéneau de Montbeillard, publièrent de 1771 à 1783 une monumentale Histoire naturelle des oiseaux en neuf volumes, composante d’un projet plus général (resté inachevé) d’une description totale de la nature. Il s’agit de l’ouvrage le plus complet de son temps sur les oiseaux, qui traite de toutes les espèces connues à l’époque et décrit un grand nombre d’espèces nouvelles, s’appuyant notamment sur la riche collection du Cabinet royal (l’institution rebaptisée “Muséum national d’histoire naturelle” en 1793). Cette collection, aujourd’hui presque entièrement disparue, comprenait de nombreux exemplaires hérités du cabinet de Réaumur, qui avaient auparavant servi de base à un autre traité exhaustif sur les oiseaux, l’Ornithologie de Mathurin Jacques Brisson (1759-1762). En plus des neuf volumes in-quarto de l’Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, ornés de 262 planches gravées en noir et blanc, Buffon fit publier séparément, de 1765 à 1780, 973 Planches enluminées (gravures peintes à la main) réalisées par le dessinateur François-Nicolas Martinet (qui avait déjà illustré l’ouvrage de Brisson) et destinées à être insérées par la suite dans une édition limitée de l’ouvrage en 10 volumes de grand format, parus de 1771 à 1786. Bien que Buffon ait rejeté la nomenclature binomiale introduite par Linné en zoologie en 1758, son ouvrage, tant le texte que les Planches enluminées, a eu une grande importance dans la taxonomie des oiseaux, et il a été cité continuellement jusqu’à nos jours, dans des discussions portant sur la définition d’espèces et de sous-espèces, en particulier parce que Gmelin et d’autres auteurs ont donné des binoms à la plupart des espèces de Buffon, ce qui a fait de ses spécimens ou séries des holotypes ou des syntypes. Les buts de cet article et des suivants sont, premièrement de retracer l’histoire de cet ouvrage, de le replacer dans l’histoire de l’ornithologie et de présenter la pensée scientifique de Buffon en matière de classification et de nomenclature, afin de procurer des clefs de lecture indispensables pour aborder l’Histoire naturelle des oiseaux ; deuxièmement, de passer en revue toutes les espèces et « variétés » traitées, d’établir les concordances avec Brisson (1759-1762), ainsi qu’avec les dernières éditions du Systema naturæ publiées par Linné (1758, 1766) et Gmelin (1788-1789), de proposer dans la mesure du possible une identification des espèces et « variétés » et de discuter le rôle éventuel de Buffon et de Guéneau (ainsi que de Brisson) dans l’histoire taxonomique de chaque espèce. Nous suivrons l’ordre de Buffon, et ce premier article portera par conséquent sur le groupe des « aigles » de Buffon, correspondant partiellement au genre « Aigle » ou « Aquila » de Brisson et au genre « Falco » de Linné et de Gmelin, et comprenant principalement des Accipitriformes.Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon and his collaborator Philibert Guéneau de Montbeillard (hereafter Guéneau), published a monumental nine-volume Histoire naturelle des oiseaux (“Natural history of birds”) from 1771 to 1783, as a part of a more general, unfinished project of a complete description of nature. It was the most exhaustive work on birds of its time, dealing with all the species then known, and describing a lot of new species present, among others, in the rich collection of the Cabinet royal (the institution renamed “Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle” in 1793). This collection, now almost completely lost, included many specimens inherited from Réaumur’s cabinet, which had previously served as the basis for another comprehensive treatise on birds, Mathurin Jacques Brisson’s Ornithologie (1759-1762). In addition to the nine quarto volumes of the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, illustrated with 262 black and white copperplates, Buffon also published, from 1765 to 1780, 973 Planches enluminées (hand-colored copperplates) drawn by François-Nicolas Martinet (who had also illustrated Brisson’s work) and meant to be included in the ten large-format volumes of a limited edition of the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux, published from 1771 to 1786. Although Buffon rejected the binomial nomenclature introduced by Linnaeus in zoology in 1758, the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux and the Planches enluminées had a major influence in bird taxonomy, and they have been, and still are cited in discussions on the definition of species and subspecies to this day, not least since Gmelin and other authors named most Buffon’s species, resulting in his specimens or series being holotypes or syntypes. The aims of this and the following articles are, firstly, to retrace the history of this work, to place it in the history of ornithology and to present Buffon’s views on classification and nomenclature, in order to provide essential reading keys for approaching the Histoire naturelle des oiseaux in taxonomical studies. Secondly, we review all the species and “varieties” addressed by Buffon and Guéneau, and we establish their relation with the species and “varieties” of Brisson (1759-1762) and of the last editions of the Systema naturæ published by Linnaeus (1758, 1766) and Gmelin (1788-1789). We propose, as far as possible, an identification of the species, and we discuss, when applicable, the role of Buffon and Guéneau (as well as Brisson) in the taxonomic history of each species. As we follow the order of Buffon’s work, this first paper focuses on the group of Buffon’s “eagles”, which partly corresponds to the genus “Aigle” or “Aquila” of Brisson and to the genus “Falco” of Linnaeus and Gmelin, and mostly comprises Accipitriformes
The Dupont family: collectors, dealers and naturalists in nineteenth-century Paris
In the early part of the nineteenth century the Dupont brothers ran separate natural history businesses in Paris. Relatively little is known about their early life but an investigation into the family history at Bayeux corrects Léonard Dupont's year of birth from 1795 to 1796. In 1818 Léonard joined Joseph Ritchie's expedition to North Africa to assist in collecting and preparing the discoveries but he did not get beyond Tripoli. After 15 months he came back to Paris with a small collection from Libya and Provence, and returned to Provence in 1821. While operating as a dealer-naturalist in Paris he published Traité de taxidermie (1823, 1827), developed a special interest in foreign birds and became well known for his anatomical models in coloured wax. Henry Dupont sold a range of natural history material and with his particular passion for beetles formed one of the finest collections in Europe; his best known publication is Monographie des Trachydérides (1836–1840). Because the brothers had overlapping interests and were rarely referred to by their forenames there has been confusion between them and the various eponyms that commemorate them. Although probably true, it would be an over-simplification to state that birds of this era named for Dupont refer to Léonard Dupont, insects to Henry Dupont, and molluscs to their mother.</jats:p
The collection of Maximilian, Prince of Wied, with particular reference to the type of Falco tyrannus
Volume: 134Start Page: 310End Page: 31
Review of the type series of Pterocles exustus Temminck, 1825 (Aves, Pterocliformes, Pteroclidae) and designation of a lectotype
Volume: 580Start Page: 145End Page: 15
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